计算机导论考试简答题Introduction to computer test.docx

1、计算机导论考试简答题Introduction to computer test计算机导论考试简答题（Introduction to computer test）9 、 what components do you need to assemble a personal computer? Please give a list of the components for assembling the computer.Answer: motherboards, graphics cards, network cards, memory, hard disk, chassis, power, ke

2、yboard, mouse, CD-ROM, monitor, CPU. Graphics card and network card are integrated on the motherboard, you can also buy independent, as well as audio equipment.10. For structured programming languages, there are three basic program structures. What are the three basic program structures, please give

3、 an example.Answer: sequential structure, choice structure, cyclic structure;1., sequential structure: from top to bottom in order to perform.2. selection structure: statements with ifThe 3. loop structure: statements with for and while11. The file is a collection of related data stored in memory on

4、 the computer. What is the file naming rule? How does the operating system organize files? What are the advantages of this organizational approach?Answer: the file name of a file consists of two parts: the main file name and the extension. When extensions are used, numbers are separated.Files in the

5、 same folder are not allowed to have the same file name,Organization: organize documents at different levelsAdvantages: it will greatly improve the efficiency of document management, especially the efficiency of file search.12, for the computer system? Neumann system, let the computer to complete a

6、task, which can be divided into several steps?Answer: input - storage - control - operation - output,15, what are the main technical measures to ensure the security of computer systems?Answer: three aspects of technical safety, management safety, legal security.Anti virus technology, anti hacker tec

7、hnology, firewall technology, intrusion detection technology, data encryption technology, security authentication technology16, a brief description of the development process of computers.Answer: ENIAC just a few decades after birth, the development of computers by leaps and bounds. The main electro

8、nic devices have been using vacuum tubes, transistors, medium and small scale integrated circuits and large scale and very large scale integrated circuits, which have led to several upgrading of computers.The first generation (19461957) is a computer, it is the basic electronic components electronic

9、 tube, memory using mercury delay line memory mainly uses a drum, tape, tape cards, etc.The second generation (19581970) was a transistor computer. A large number of magnetic memory cores made of magnetic materials are used in memoryThe third generation (19631970) is an integrated circuit computer (

10、small scale) basic electronic components third generation computer circuits are small scale integrated circuit and medium scale integrated circuits, the further development of core memory, and start with the better performance of semiconductor memoryThe fourth generation (1971 day ago) is a large sc

11、ale integrated circuit computerHighly integrated semiconductor memory replaces magnetic core memory.18, from the users point of view, what components should be included in the hardware system of a personal computer?Answer: monitor, host, key mouse, the host is inside by CPU, motherboard, power, memo

12、ry, graphics card (see the user situation, available integration, but also can be used alone), CD-ROM, chassis, hard disk 8 parts. Its basic, and audio equipment. And so on19, Internet is what kind of network, it can provide what aspects of functional services? What can you get out of it?Answer: it

13、is a global network of computers that communicate with each other using public language.Features: (1) email E_mail (2) remote login Telnet (3) file transfer FTP; (4) WWW services, some of which are free of charge, and some services are charged.21, a brief description of the basic components of the c

14、omputer, the main function of each component, as well as the relationship between the components.Answer: motherboard: the main body of a PC, the motherboard to complete the management and coordination of computer systems, support various CPU, functional cards and the normal operation of the bus inte

15、rfaceCPU: that is the central processing unit, the core of the whole system, and the highest unit of execution in the whole system. It is responsible for the execution of the whole system instruction, the operation of mathematics and logic, the storage and transmission of data, and the control of in

16、ternal and external input and output.Chip set: in fact, an integrated circuit chip, it is the internal components, functions and more chips of the foot assemblyMemory: it is one of the important components on the motherboard. It is the part of data and program that stores the data between CPU and pe

17、ripheral device.CD-ROM: computer used to read and write CD content of the machine,Disk: our computer is currently the most commonly used essential storage tools (including floppy disk and hard disk)Keyboard: one of the necessary tools for providing instructions and information to a computer. It is a

18、n important input device of the computer system and connected to the main box by a cable. The keyboard has 101 keys and 104 keys.The mouse is an important input device of contemporary computer indispensable, with the mouse (Mouse) as an input device, can greatly facilitate the operation of the softw

19、are, especially in a graphical environment (such as Windows, OS/2 and other operating system use).Monitor: also called monitor (Monitor). Display is one of the most important output devices of computer, and also the main channel for people to communicate with computers.23. Describe the characteristi

20、cs and operation modes of the linear list, stack and queueAnswer: a linear table is a sequence of finite elements of the same type.As a restrictive linear table, the stack limits the insertion and deletion of the linear table to only one end of the table. It is characterized by the elements of the i

21、ncoming queue.The basic operation of the stack, in addition to the stack (stack top insert), out of the stack (delete top of the stack), as well as the establishment of the stack (stack initialization), empty, full, and access to the top elements of the stack and other operations,A queue is a restri

22、cted linear table with elements added at one end of the table, and the deletion of elements at the other end of the table. The feature is that the incoming queue element first goes out of the queue.25, how are computer software classified? What is the main component of a computer software system?Ans

23、wer: software is divided into two kinds, one is system software, such as operating system or some programming software, and the other is application software, such as OFFICE, game and so onComposition: computer software consists of programs and related documents. A program is a symbolic representati

24、on of an instruction sequence, and a document is the technical data created during the software development process. A program is the body of a software that is usually stored in storage media such as floppy disks, hard disks, and optical disks for use on a computer. The document is especially impor

25、tant for the use and maintenance of software, as a software product released document is mainly manual, which contains the software features, operating environment requirements, installation methods, operating instructions and error information etc. The operating environment of a software requiremen

26、t is running it should have at least hardware and other software configuration, that is to say, in the hierarchical structure of the computer system, it is the software of the lower layer (inner layer) at least configuration (including equipment and software version requirements indicators of hardwa

27、re requirements, etc.). Computer software can be divided into system software and application software by application.System software can be divided into 3 categories: operating system software (software core), various language processing programs and various database management systems.Programs wri

28、tten to solve various computer problems are called application software. It can be divided into application packages and user programsComposition view 2: software systems refer to a computer software system consisting of system software, support software, and application software. It is a collection

29、 of all the software in the computer. It includes operating system, language processing system, database system, distributed software system and human-computer interaction system.Operating system, as the underlying software, is essential. It provides access, management and control for all kinds of h

30、ardware and software. For example, now popular desktop operating systems, Windows series, and so on.Support software, also known as software development environment, and all other applications are developed in the operating system through support software, such as VB, C+ and so on.Of course, sometim

31、es support software also includes some basic tools, such as network connection programs, hardware drivers, and so on.Application software, as described earlier, is developed for other specific applications, such as music, video playback software, browser software, picture editing software, and so fo

32、rth.26, according to the main electronic logic components used by the computer, the computer has gone through several stages of development, what are the representatives of each stage?Answer: ENIAC just a few decades after birth, the development of computers by leaps and bounds. The main electronic devices have been using vacuum tubes, transistors, medium and small scale integrated circuits and large scale and very large scale integrated circuits, which have led to several upgrading of computers.The first generation (19461957) is a computer, it is the basic elec