Computerizationan Opportunity or a Challenge.docx

Computerizationan Opportunity or a Challenge.docx

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ComputerizationanOpportunityoraChallenge

Name:

JianhuiHu

English102（ResearchPaper）

Instructor:

KatieHunsberger

Date:

11/17/15

Computerization:

anOpportunityoraChallenge?

Withincreasedaccesstocomputerizationthroughouttheglobe,companiesfocusedonservices,massproduction,orutilitieshavetoimprovethequalitiesandquantitiesoftheirproductsorservicesbyusingcomputerization.AccordingtoKarlMarx,“thevalueofoneproductisdeterminedbyitssociallynecessarylabortime”（Marx）.Becauseofthat,ifonemassproducingcompanywantstoimproveitsproductivity,it’sprobablygoingtoreplaceworkforcewithrobotsorothertechnology.Therefore,itcanbesaidthatcompanieswhichacceptcomputerizationwillsurvive.Duetothecircumstanceofusingcomputerization,thecompanycangethigherproductivitybyusingrobots.Besides,itcanalsogaintheabsoluteadvantageofthisproductinthemarket,whichmeansthecompanycanlowerthepriceandothercompaniesmaydieoutbecausenoonewantstopurchasetheircommodityathigherprice.Asaresult,theothercompaniesarecommittingself-suicides.Inanincreasedawarenessandpracticeaboutthegrowingbenefitsofsavingtimeandmoney,computerizationinfluencesthestructureoftheworkforce,thedevelopmentofsocialtrends,andthechallengestomillennialworkers,themanagementofcompanies,andtheruleofgovernments.Asthepopulationofglobetendstogetolderandolder,doescomputerizationeasetheproblems,byhelpingtoreplacesomeworkforce,orwillitcreatenewproblems,suchasleakingconfidentialinformationorraisingtheunemployment?

Thatiskindofaconflict.TherearesomeotherquestionsIformedabouttheresearchpaper:

Doescomputerizationcauseaneconomicgrowthorreachapeakinathirdindustrialrevolutionwhichisleadingsocietytocomputerization?

Howsusceptiblearejobstocomputerization?

Willthistrendofcomputerizationleadtoarecessionbyincreasingunemployment,socialinstabilityortheimperfectionsofproductsorservices?

Despitethedisadvantages,computerizationwillcauseglobalchangespositivelyasawhole.Therefore,whatIstronglybelieveisthatcomputerizationisgoingtoeaseproblemsofanageingpopulationratherthancreatenewproblemsofunemploymentformillennials.Iwillsupportthisargumentbyexaminingpeer-reviewarticles,analyzingthebenefitsandshortagesofcomputerization,andexaminingthedetrimentaleffectsofcomputerization.

Computerizationisthecontrolofprocessesbycomputers.Apparently,thisdefinitionistoobroad.Basically,thecomputerizationthatIamgoingtorefertoissimilartothemechanization,electronizationanddigitalization.

Thehistoryofcomputerization.Itshistoryisbasicallysimilartotheindustrialrevolutionbothinvolvereplacinghumanlaborwithmachines.TheIndustrialRevolution,whichtookplacefromthe18thto19thcenturies,wasaperiodduringwhichpredominantlyagrarian,ruralsocietiesinEuropeandAmericabecameindustrialandurban.PriortotheIndustrialRevolution,whichbeganinBritaininthelate1700s,manufacturingwasoftendoneinpeople’shomes,usinghandtoolsorbasicmachines.Industrializationmarkedashifttopowered,special-purposemachinery,factoriesandmassproduction.Theironandtextileindustries,alongwiththedevelopmentofthesteamengine,playedcentralrolesintheIndustrialRevolution,whichalsosawimprovedsystemsoftransportation,communicationandbanking.Whileindustrializationbroughtaboutanincreasedvolumeandvarietyofmanufacturedgoodsandanimprovedstandardoflivingforsome,italsoresultedinoftengrimemploymentandlivingconditionsforthepoorandworkingclasses.“Inthefinalthirdofthe19thcenturyandthebeginningofthe20ththerewastheSecondIndustrialRevolution,alsoknownastheTechnologicalRevolution,wasaphaseofthelargerIndustrialRevolutioncorrespondingtothelatterhalfofthe19thcenturyuntilWorldWarI.ItisconsideredtohavebegunwithBessemersteelinthe1860sandculminatedinmassproductionandtheproductionline.Itturnsoutthatadvancementsinmanufacturingandproductiontechnologyenabledthewidespreadadoptionofpreexistingtechnologicalsystemssuchasthetelegraphandrailroadnetworks,gasandwatersupply,andsewagesystems”（Markillie）.“Nowathirdrevolutionisunderway.Manufacturingisgoingdigital.Asthisweek'sspecialreportargues,thiscouldchangenotjustbusiness,butmuchelsebesides…Anumberofremarkabletechnologiesareconverging:

cleversoftware,novelmaterials,moredexterousrobots,newprocesses”（Markillie）.Therefore,thedigitalizationisveryclosetothedefinitionofcomputerizationthatIamreferringtoandithasdrawnahugeattentionfromthewholesociety.

However,thelabormarketcanbeverysusceptibletothatkindofcomputerization.Accordingtopaper“TheFutureofEmployment:

HowSusceptibleAreJobstoComputerisation”,moreandmoremachineswillbegivenjobsthepeopletraditionalperformed（Frey）.It’sanestimationbutitreflectsatrendonsocialdevelopment,whichtendstoreplacehumanlaborwithcomputerization.Intermsoftheirpredictionfromtheresearchpaper“TheFutureofEmployment:

HowSusceptibleAreJobstoComputerisation,”“robotnowworkinthefoodindustryandbuildcars.Otherrobotscanbeprogrammedtowelcomepeopleastheyarriveatastoreorhotel”（Frey16）.Itmeansrobots,asakindofcomputerization,it’snotonlyworkingonthefactorybutalsograduallytransferringtoatertiaryIndustry,suchasaservicesindustry.ItraveledGuangzhou,Chinaafewyearsago.Therewasarestaurantthatusesrobotstotakeorders.Howincredibleisthattothecustomers.Later,itbecameoneofthebestrestaurantinGuangzhou.Therefore,robotsintheserviceindustryhavegreatpotentialfordevelopmentanditcanmakeanunbelievablebenefitfortheownersoftherobots.Besides,theadvantagesofcomputerizationintheworkplacearegigantic.“Theworkplacehasbecomeincreasinglydependentonemachines,itcomesasnosurprisethatmanyworkersarebecomingconcernedaboutthefuture.Amongthemaremajorlymillennials-peoplewhobecameadultssinceyear2000”（Frey25）.Itispredictedthatmillennialswillbeworryingaboutthattheirjobopportunitieswillbetakenbyrobots.Thereasonforthatismillennialshaveforeseenthatcomputerizationwilltakingoverwholesocietybygreatlyimprovingproductivityandbenefitsinthefuture.Itleadsthatmillenialsworkerswillbecomelessandlessimportanttosociety.

Itisnecessarytopopularizethecomputerizationtothewholesocietybecausethereisanopportunitytomaximizeproductivityandbenefits.Therearemanyexamplestoprovethatcomputerizationhasbecomeasocialtrendwhichaimstoimprovetheproductivityasawhole.

ThefirstexampleisaboutsugarcaneproductioninChina.Thereisaresearchpapercalled“MechanizationTechnology:

TheKeytoSugarcaneProductioninChina”（Ou）.AsfarasIamconcerned,therearebillionsofpeopleinChina.Thus,thereisagreatdemandofsugarcaneinChina.Moreover,thereisatraditionforChinesepeopletomakesugarbysugarcane.However,canitmeetthathugeneedofproducingsugarcanewithhumanlabor?

“AlthoughalotofeffortinChinahavegoneintosugarcanemechanizationsincethe1960s,theoveralllevelofmechanizationinsugarcaneproductionisstillonlyapproximately30%,whichisabout20%lowerthanthatachievedintheothermainfieldcrops”（Ou）.Besides,“WhiletheexperienceofAustralia,USA,andBrazilinregardtothekindsofmachinerysystemstheyuseisrelevant,andtheeconomicanalysesoftheirsystemsareofinterest,onlyabout10%ofthecurrentsugarcaneareainChinacouldbecultivatedwiththesamelarge-scalemachinesusedinthosecountries”（Ou）.Therefore,undertheserioussituationofinefficientsugarcanesupply,thearticlestatesthattheworkersinthesugarcanefieldareacouldnotfinishtheirheavytaskevenwiththeassistancewithnomorethan30%mechanization.However,someresearchesanddevelopmentofmechanizationchangecompletelywithstageofsugarcanemechanizationinChinaanddevelopmentprocess.Sincethosesugarcaneresearchersfailedtousethoselargetoolssuchaslarge-scalemachinesfromothercountries,theytriedtotransferthosemachinestosuitChinesesituationseriously.Thus,“In1996,withthehelpofSouthChinaAgriculturalUniversity（SCAU）,anewphaseintheinvestigationofmechanizedsugarcaneproductionwasstarted,againonGuangQianFarmintheareaofZhanjiangReclamationBureau,incooperationwithseveralforeigncompanies”（Ou）.ThecooperationdemonstratesthatChineseprofessorsstartedtofindwaystoimproveitsproductionandproductivitybymechanizedsugarcaneproduction.Itcan’tbedeniedthatpeopletendtoimprovetheproductivitynomatterhowserioustheproblemsareortheyhavetoimproveitbecauseofserioussituations.Hence,improvingproductionbydevelopingmechanizationmeetsthesocialtrendswhichaimstoreducesociallynecessarylabortimeandmechanizetheproducingprocess.Finally,withimprovingmachinesinthesugarcanefield,Chinesesugarcaneproductionmadeagreatsuccess.Forinstance,inaccordingtoOu,improvingtheliftingabilityofwholestalkharvestersinlodgedsugarcane,suchastheoptimalparameters,resultsthat“upto90%ofthesugarcanestalkscouldbepickedupwiththecombinedlifter”（Ou）.Inotherwords,itcanbesaidthattheincreaseofsugarcaneproducebenefitsfromtheresearchonmechanization.

ThesecondexampleisfocusingonthewideusagesofrobotsSinceIwasveryyoung,I’veseenrobotsinman