125个常用拉丁语词根.docx
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125个常用拉丁语词根
125个常用拉丁语词根
a-,ab-,abs-（Latin:
from,away,awayfrom;usedasaprefix）.
ThisprefixisnormallyusedwithelementsofLatinandFrenchorigins（abs-usuallyjoinselementsbeginningwithc,qort）.
Theformab-isregularlyusedbeforeallvowelsandh;anditbecomesa-beforetheconsonantsm,p,andv.Theprefixapo-hassimilarmeanings.
ad-（Latin:
to,adirectiontoward,additionto,near;usedasaprefix）.
ad-appearsbeforevowelsandbeforetheconsonantsd,h,j,m,andv:
agri-,agrio-（Greek>Latin:
fields）.
“Wild,savage;livinginthefields”throughLatin,ager,agri.
amat-,amor-,am-（Latin:
love,loving;fondnessfor）.
ami-,amic-（Latin:
friend）.
ambi-,amb-（Latin:
both,onbothsides;around,about）.
ambul-,ambulat-,-ambulate,-ambulating,-ambulation-ambulator,-ambulatory,-ambulant,-ambulic,-ambulism,-ambulist（Latin:
walk,takesteps,
movearound;from“towander,togoastray”）.
anima-,anim-（Latin:
animallife;breath;soul;mind）.
Anima-is“alivingbeing”fromaLatinformmeaning,“ofair,havingaspirit,living”,whichinturncomesfromanotherformmeaning,“breathofair,air,soul,life”.
anni-,annu-,enni-（Latin:
year,yearly）.
ante-,anti-,ant-（Latin:
before,infrontof,priorto,forward;usedasaprefix）.
Comparethiselementwithanti-,meaning“against”.Anti-,withthemeaningof“before”,isfoundinveryfewwords,suchas:
“antipasto”（fromItalian）.and“anticipate”withitsvariousforms,plusafewscientificterms.
aqua-,aquatic-,aqui-,aqu-,-aquatically,aque-,-aqueous（Latin:
water）.
audio-,aud-,audi-,audit-（Latin:
hearing,listening,perceptionofsounds）.
bene-,ben-,beni-（Latin:
good,well）andbon-（Latin:
good）.
brevi-,brev-[brie-,bri-]（Latin:
short）.
cand-,can-,cend-（Latin:
glow;white）.
capit-,capt-,ceps-,chapt-,chef,cip-,-cup-（Latin:
head,leader,chief,orfirst）.
carno-,carn-,carne-,carni-（Latin:
flesh,meat）.
celer-（Latin:
fast,speed,swift,rapid）.
centi-,cent-（Latin:
hundred;adecimalprefixusedintheinternationalmetricsystemformeasurements）.
Thisprefixisusedinthemetric[decimal]systemas,one-hundredth[U.S.]andhundredth[U.K.],anddenotes1/100thofaunitor10-2[0.01].Themetricsymbolforcenti-isc.
-cise,-cis,-cide（Latin:
asuffix;tocut,cut）.
-cide,-cides,-cidal（Latin:
asuffix;kill,killer;murder,tocausedeath,slayer;cutter;“tocutdown”）.
Don’tconfusethiselementwiththeanother-cidethatmeans“tocut”;although-cide,“death”,isrelatedto-cise,-cide,“tocutdown”.
circum-（Latin:
around,about,surrounding,onallsides;literally,“inacircle”）.
com-[co-,cog-,col-,con-,cor-]（Latin:
together,with;usedasaprefix）.
contra-,contro-,counter,contre-（Latin:
against,opposedto,opposite,contrary;usedasaprefix）.
cor-,cord-,cour-（Latin:
heart）.
corp-,corpor-,corpus-（Latin:
body）.
cred-,credit-,creed-（Latin:
believe,belief,faith,confidence,trust）.
cura-,cur-（Latin:
heal,cure[carefor,giveattentionto,totakecareof]）.
cur（r）.-,curs-,-course（Latin:
run,go）.
dei-,div-（Latin:
God,god[deity,divinenature]）.
adieu（French）:
Goodbye（literally,“Icommendyoutogod.”）.
dento-,dent-,denta-,dentino-,denti-,dentin-（Latin:
tooth,teeth）.
dic-,dict-（Latin:
talk,speak,say,tell,declare）.
digit（Latin:
finger,toe）.
dor-,do-,don-（Greek>Latin:
gift）.
dorm-,dormi-（Latin:
sleep,sleeping）.
duo-,du-（Latin:
two;anumberusedasaprefix）.
duc-,-duce,-duct,-ducent,-ductor,-duction,-ductive,-ducer,-ducement,
ducation（Latin:
lead,leading,bring,take,draw）.
equ-,equi-（Latin:
same,equal,similar,even）.
ex-（e-,ef-）.（Latin:
[outof,from];[upward];[completely,entirely];[toremovefrom,depriveof];[without];[former];usedasaprefix）.
extra-,extro-（Latin:
beyond,outside,ontheoutside,outward,external;usedasaprefix）.
fac-,fact-,feas-,-feat,-fect,-feit,-facient,-faction,fic-,-fy,facil-（Latin:
make,do,build,cause,produce;forming,shaping）.
fid-,fidel-（Latin:
believe,belief,trust,faith）.
fin-（Latin:
end,last,limit,boundary,border）.
flagr-（Latin:
fire;burn,blaze）.
fluct-,flucti-,-flux,flu-（Latin:
flow,wave）.
fortu-,fortun-（Latin:
chance,fate,luck）.
frag-,frang-,fract-,fring-（Latin:
break）.
fug-,-fuge,-fugit（Latin:
driveaway,flee,fly,runaway）.
grad-,-grade,-gred,-gree,-gress（Latin:
walk,step,takesteps,movearound;walkingorstepping）.
grav-,griev-（Latin:
heavy,weighty）.
habili-,habil-（Latin:
clothe,clothing;thatwhichmaybeeasilyhandled,suitable,fit,proper）.
ign-,igni-,ignis-（Latin:
fire,burn）.
inter-（Latin:
between[alsamong,mutually,together];usedasaprefix）.
intra-（Latin:
within,inside,ontheinside;usedasaprefix）.
jet-,-ject,-jecting,-jected,-jection,-jector,-jectory;jac-（Latin:
throw,send,fling,hurl,cast;gush;spurt）.
junct-,jug-（Latin:
join,unite,yoke）.
lav-,lava-,lavat-（Latin:
wash,bathe）.
linguo-,lingu-,lingua-,-linguist,-linguistic,-linguistical,-linguistically（Latin:
tongue,language）.
luco-,luc-,luci-,lux,-lucence,-lucent（Latin:
light,shine）.
locu-,loc-（Latin:
talk,speak,say,word,speech）.
lumen-,lumin-,lum-（Latin:
light,shine;source）.
luna-,luni-,lun-,lunu-（Latin:
moon,light,shine）.
magni-,magn-（Latin:
large,big,great）.
mal-,male-,mali-（Latin:
bad,badly,harsh,wrong;ill;evil;abnormal,defective）.
Thiscombiningformhasnoetymologicalconnectionto“male”,meaning“man”or“masculine”;despitewhatsomewomenmaythink.
manu-,man-,mani-（Latin:
hand）.
medio-,medi-（Latin:
middle）.
migr-,migrat-（Latin:
wander,moving）.
milli-[MILi],mille-,mill-,mili-（Latin:
thousand;adecimalprefixusedintheinternationalmetricsystemformeasurements）.
Inthemetric[decimal]system,milli-denotes1/1000ofaunit,thousandth[U.S.]andthousandthpart[U.K.];10-3[0.001]Themetricsymbolformilli-ism.
mini-,minor-,minut-,minu-（Latin:
small,little）.
miss-,-miss,-mis-,-mit,-mitt-（Latin:
send,letgo,causetogo;throw,hurl,cast）.
mort-,mor-,mori-（Latin:
death,dead）.
multi-,mult-（Latin:
many,much;usedasaprefix）.
nom-,nomen-,nomin-,-nomia,-nomic（Latin:
name）.
Don’tconfusethiselementwiththeGreeknomo-thatmeans“law”.
non-（Latin:
nothing,not）.
novo-,nov-,novi-（Latin:
new,recent;usedasaprefix）.
omni-,omn-（Latin:
all,every）.
pac-,peac-,peas-（Latin:
peace,calm）.
pari-,par-（Greek:
same,equal,equality,equalvalue）.andpeer,pair（Latin:
same,equal,similar）.
pass-,pati-（Latin:
suffering,feeling;enduring）.
ped-,pedi-,-pedal,-ped,-pede,-pedia（Latin:
foot）.
petro-,petr-,petri-,peter-（Greek>Latin:
stone,rock）.
port-,portat-（Latin:
carry,bring,bear）.
port-（Latin:
door,gate,entrance,harbor）.
poten-,pot-,poss-,-potent,-potence,-potency,-potential（Latin:
power,strength,ability）.
pre-（prae-）（Latin:
before[bothintimeandplace];usedasaprefix）.
pro-,por-（Greek>Latin:
before;forward;for,infavorof;infrontof;inplaceof,onbehalfof;usedasaprefix）.
quir-,quisit-,quis-,que-,quer-,quest-,-quirement,-quirable,-quisition,-quisitive（Latin:
ask,seek）.
re-,red-（Latin:
back,backward,again;usedasaprefix）.
retro-,retr-（Latin:
back,backward,behind;usedasaprefix）.
rupt-,-rupting,-ruption（Latin:
break,tear,rend;burst）.
sana-,sani-,san-（Latin:
healthy,whole;byextension:
cure,heal,takecareof）.
sci-,-science,-sciently,-scientific,-scientifically,-scient,-sciently（Latin:
know,learn,knowledge）.
scrib-,script-,-scribe,-scription,-scriptive（Latin:
write,record）.
sec-,seg-,-sect,-section,-sectional（Latin:
tocut）.
semi-（Latin:
half,partly,twice;usedasaprefix）.
senso-,sens-,sensi-,sensori-,sent-（Latin:
feeling,sensation,perceptionthroughthesenses,beaware,discernbythesenses）.
sed-,sedat-,-sid,-sess（Latin:
sit）.
sol-,soli-,solo-（Latin:
sun）.
soli-,sol-（Latin:
one,alone,only）.
solv-,-solu-,solut-,-sol,-soluble,-solubility,-solvent（Latin:
loosen,dissolve;untie,setfree）.
sono-,son-,sona-,-sonous,-sonic,-sonically（Latin:
sound）.
spec-,spic-,spect-,spectat-,spectro--spectr,-spectful,-spection,-spective（Latin:
see,sight,look,appear,behold,andexamine）.
spiro-,spir-,spira-,spirat-,-spire,-spiring,-spiration,-spirational（Latin:
breathoflife,breath,breathing,mind,spirit,courage,“soul”）.
stato-,stat-,sta-,-static,-stasi,staso-,-stasis,-stasia,-stacy,-stitute,-stitution,-sist,-stasic,-stit-（Greek:
standing,stay,makefirm,fixed）.
stell-（Latin:
star）.
stru-,struct-,-structure,-struction,-structive（Latin:
build,construct,placetogether,arrange）.
sub-（Latin:
under,below[suc-,suf-,sug-,sum-,sup-,sur-,sus-];usedasaprefix）andsubter-（Latin:
under,beneath,secretly,lessthan;formedfromsub-;usedasaprefix）.
Don’tconfusethesur-inthiselementwiththesur-insuper-.Note:
sub-regularlymeans“under”,butitoftenchangesitsformasitretainsitsmeaning:
super-,supra-,sur-（Latin:
above,over,morethan;excessive）.
Sur-isaformofsuper-formedthroughtheFrenchandshouldn’tbeconfusedwithanotherassimilatedsur-formthatcomesfromsub-andmeans:
“under,below,beneath”.Insomewords,super-isamplifiedtomean:
“ontopof;higherinrankorpositionthan;superiorto;greaterinquality,amount,ordegreethanothersofitskind;toadegreegreaterthanothersofitskind;toadegreegreaterthannormal;extra,additional”.
tempo-,tempor-（Latin:
time,occas
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