125个常用拉丁语词根.docx

1、125个常用拉丁语词根125个常用拉丁语词根a-, ab-, abs- (Latin: from, away, away from; used as a prefix). This prefix is normally used with elements of Latin and French origins (abs- usually joins elements beginning with c, q or t). The form ab- is regularly used before all vowels and h; and it becomes a- before the co

2、nsonants m, p, and v. The prefix apo- has similar meanings. ad- (Latin: to, a direction toward, addition to, near; used as a prefix). ad- appears before vowels and before the consonants d, h, j, m, and v: agri-, agrio- (Greek Latin: fields). “Wild, savage; living in the fields” through Latin, ager,

3、agri. amat-, amor-, am- (Latin: love, loving; fondness for). ami-, amic- (Latin: friend). ambi-, amb- (Latin: both, on both sides; around, about). ambul-, ambulat-, -ambulate, -ambulating, -ambulation -ambulator, -ambulatory, -ambulant, -ambulic, -ambulism, -ambulist (Latin: walk, take steps, move a

4、round; from “to wander, to go astray”). anima-, anim- (Latin: animal life; breath; soul; mind). Anima- is “a living being” from a Latin form meaning, “of air, having a spirit, living”, which in turn comes from another form meaning, “breath of air, air, soul, life”. anni-, annu-, enni- (Latin: year,

5、yearly). ante-, anti-, ant- (Latin: before, in front of, prior to, forward; used as a prefix). Compare this element with anti-, meaning “against”. Anti-, with the meaning of “before”, is found in very few words, such as: “antipasto” (from Italian). and “anticipate” with its various forms, plus a few

6、 scientific terms. aqua-, aquatic-, aqui-, aqu-, -aquatically, aque-, -aqueous (Latin: water). audio-, aud-, audi-, audit- (Latin: hearing, listening, perception of sounds). bene-, ben-, beni- (Latin: good, well) and bon- (Latin: good). brevi-, brev- brie-, bri- (Latin: short). cand-, can-, cend- (L

7、atin: glow; white). capit-, capt-, ceps-, chapt-, chef, cip-, -cup- (Latin: head, leader, chief, or first). carno-, carn-, carne-, carni- (Latin: flesh, meat). celer- (Latin: fast, speed, swift, rapid). centi-, cent- (Latin: hundred; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measu

8、rements). This prefix is used in the metric decimal system as, one-hundredth U.S. and hundredth U.K., and denotes 1/100th of a unit or 10-2 0.01. The metric symbol for centi- is c. -cise, -cis, -cide (Latin: a suffix; to cut, cut). -cide, -cides, -cidal (Latin: a suffix; kill, killer; murder, to cau

9、se death, slayer; cutter; “to cut down”). Dont confuse this element with the another -cide that means “to cut”; although -cide, “death”, is related to -cise, -cide, “to cut down”. circum- (Latin: around, about, surrounding, on all sides; literally, “in a circle”). com- co-, cog-, col-, con-, cor- (L

10、atin: together, with; used as a prefix). contra-, contro-, counter, contre- (Latin: against, opposed to, opposite, contrary; used as a prefix). cor-, cord-, cour- (Latin: heart). corp-, corpor-, corpus- (Latin: body). cred-, credit-, creed- (Latin: believe, belief, faith, confidence, trust). cura-,

11、cur- (Latin: heal, cure care for, give attention to, to take care of). cur(r).-, curs-, -course (Latin: run, go). dei-, div- (Latin: God, god deity, divine nature). adieu (French): Goodbye (literally, “I commend you to god.”). dento-, dent-, denta-, dentino-, denti-, dentin- (Latin: tooth, teeth). d

12、ic-, dict- (Latin: talk, speak, say, tell, declare). digit (Latin: finger, toe). dor-, do-, don- (Greek Latin: gift). dorm-, dormi- (Latin: sleep, sleeping). duo-, du- (Latin: two; a number used as a prefix). duc-, -duce, -duct, -ducent, -ductor, -duction, -ductive, -ducer, -ducement, ducation (Lati

13、n: lead, leading, bring, take, draw). equ-, equi- (Latin: same, equal, similar, even). ex- (e-, ef-). (Latin: out of, from; upward; completely, entirely; to remove from, deprive of; without; former; used as a prefix). extra-, extro- (Latin: beyond, outside, on the outside, outward, external; used as

14、 a prefix). fac-, fact-, feas-, -feat, -fect, -feit, -facient, -faction, fic-, -fy, facil- (Latin: make, do, build, cause, produce; forming, shaping). fid-, fidel- (Latin: believe, belief, trust, faith). fin- (Latin: end, last, limit, boundary, border). flagr- (Latin: fire; burn, blaze). fluct-, flu

15、cti-, -flux, flu- (Latin: flow, wave). fortu-, fortun- (Latin: chance, fate, luck). frag-, frang-, fract-, fring- (Latin: break). fug-, -fuge, -fugit (Latin: drive away, flee, fly, run away). grad-, -grade, -gred, -gree, -gress (Latin: walk, step, take steps, move around; walking or stepping). grav-

16、, griev- (Latin: heavy, weighty). habili-, habil- (Latin: clothe, clothing; that which may be easily handled, suitable, fit, proper). ign-, igni-, ignis- (Latin: fire, burn). inter- (Latin: between als among, mutually, together; used as a prefix). intra- (Latin: within, inside, on the inside; used a

17、s a prefix). jet-, -ject, -jecting, -jected, -jection, -jector, -jectory; jac- (Latin: throw, send, fling, hurl, cast; gush; spurt). junct-, jug- (Latin: join, unite, yoke). lav-, lava-, lavat- (Latin: wash, bathe). linguo-, lingu-, lingua-, -linguist, -linguistic, -linguistical, -linguistically (La

18、tin: tongue, language). luco-, luc-, luci-, lux, -lucence, -lucent (Latin: light, shine). locu-, loc- (Latin: talk, speak, say, word, speech). lumen-, lumin-, lum- (Latin: light, shine; source). luna-, luni-, lun-, lunu- (Latin: moon, light, shine). magni-, magn- (Latin: large, big, great). mal-, ma

19、le-, mali- (Latin: bad, badly, harsh, wrong; ill; evil; abnormal, defective). This combining form has no etymological connection to “male”, meaning “man” or “masculine”; despite what some women may think. manu-, man-, mani- (Latin: hand). medio-, medi- (Latin: middle). migr-, migrat- (Latin: wander,

20、 moving). milli- MIL i, mille-, mill-, mili- (Latin: thousand; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements). In the metric decimal system, milli- denotes 1/1 000 of a unit, thousandth U.S. and thousandth part U.K.; 10-3 0.001 The metric symbol for milli- is m. mini-, mi

21、nor-, minut-, minu- (Latin: small, little). miss-, -miss, -mis-, -mit, -mitt- (Latin: send, let go, cause to go; throw, hurl, cast). mort-, mor-, mori- (Latin: death, dead). multi-, mult- (Latin: many, much; used as a prefix). nom-, nomen-, nomin-, -nomia, -nomic (Latin: name). Dont confuse this ele

22、ment with the Greek nomo- that means “law”. non- (Latin: nothing, not). novo-, nov-, novi- (Latin: new, recent; used as a prefix). omni-, omn- (Latin: all, every). pac-, peac-, peas- (Latin: peace, calm). pari-, par- (Greek: same, equal, equality, equal value). and peer, pair (Latin: same, equal, si

23、milar). pass-, pati- (Latin: suffering, feeling; enduring). ped-, pedi-, -pedal, -ped, -pede, -pedia (Latin: foot). petro-, petr-, petri-, peter- (Greek Latin: stone, rock). port-, portat- (Latin: carry, bring, bear). port- (Latin: door, gate, entrance, harbor). poten-, pot-, poss-, -potent, -potenc

24、e, -potency, -potential (Latin: power, strength, ability). pre- (prae-) (Latin: before both in time and place; used as a prefix). pro-, por- (Greek Latin: before; forward; for, in favor of; in front of; in place of, on behalf of; used as a prefix). quir-, quisit-, quis-, que-, quer-, quest-, -quirem

25、ent, -quirable, -quisition, -quisitive (Latin: ask, seek). re-, red- (Latin: back, backward, again; used as a prefix). retro-, retr- (Latin: back, backward, behind; used as a prefix). rupt-, -rupting, -ruption (Latin: break, tear, rend; burst). sana-, sani-, san- (Latin: healthy, whole; by extension

26、: cure, heal, take care of). sci-, -science, -sciently, -scientific, -scientifically, -scient, -sciently (Latin: know, learn, knowledge). scrib-, script-, -scribe, -scription, -scriptive (Latin: write, record). sec-, seg-, -sect, -section, -sectional (Latin: to cut). semi- (Latin: half, partly, twic

27、e; used as a prefix). senso-, sens-, sensi-, sensori-, sent- (Latin: feeling, sensation, perception through the senses, be aware, discern by the senses). sed-, sedat-, -sid, -sess (Latin: sit). sol-, soli-, solo- (Latin: sun). soli-, sol- (Latin: one, alone, only). solv-, -solu-, solut-, -sol, -solu

28、ble, -solubility, -solvent (Latin: loosen, dissolve; untie, set free). sono-, son-, sona-, -sonous, -sonic, -sonically (Latin: sound). spec-, spic-, spect-, spectat-, spectro- -spectr, -spectful, -spection, -spective (Latin: see, sight, look, appear, behold, and examine). spiro-, spir-, spira-, spir

29、at-, -spire, -spiring, -spiration, -spirational (Latin: breath of life, breath, breathing, mind, spirit, courage, “soul”). stato-, stat-, sta-, -static, -stasi, staso-, -stasis, -stasia, -stacy, -stitute, -stitution, -sist, -stasic, -stit- (Greek: standing, stay, make firm, fixed). stell- (Latin: st

30、ar). stru-, struct-, -structure, -struction, -structive (Latin: build, construct, place together, arrange). sub- (Latin: under, below suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-; used as a prefix) andsubter- (Latin: under, beneath, secretly, less than; formed from sub-; used as a prefix). Dont confuse

31、the sur- in this element with the sur- in super-. Note: sub- regularly means “under”, but it often changes its form as it retains its meaning: super-, supra-, sur- (Latin: above, over, more than; excessive). Sur- is a form of super- formed through the French and shouldnt be confused with another ass

32、imilated sur- form that comes from sub- and means: “under, below, beneath”. In some words, super- is amplified to mean: “on top of; higher in rank or position than; superior to; greater in quality, amount, or degree than others of its kind; to a degree greater than others of its kind; to a degree greater than normal; extra, additional”. tempo-, tempor- (Latin: time, occas