外研版高中英语必修一《阅读理解》专项练习题含答案.docx
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外研版高中英语必修一《阅读理解》专项练习题含答案
外研版高中英语必修一《阅读理解》专项练习题(含答案)
Australiancitiescankeeptheirnativewildlife—butonlyiftheycankicktheirhabitofurbansprawl(扩展).That’sthefindingofanewstudybyleadingAustralianenvironmentalresearchersJessicaSushinsky,ProfessorHughPossinghamandDr.RichardFullerofTheUniversityofQueensland.
“Whileurbandevelopmentusuallyreducesthenumberofbirdsinacity,buildingmorecompact(紧凑的)citiesandavoidingurbansprawlcanslowthesereductionsgreatly,”saysleadauthorJessicaSushinsky.“Compacthousingdevelopmentleavesbirds’homesuntouched,leadingtofewerlossesofbirds.”
TheresearcherssurveyednativeandwildbirdsinBrisbane’surbanareas,includinglivingandindustrialareas,publicparksandgardens,majorroadwaysandairports.Theythenusedstatisticalmodelingtofindoutwhatwillhappentothebirdsasthecitygrows.Thefirstsettingwascompactgrowth—wheremultiplehomesarebuiltonlandthatpreviouslyhadonlyonehouse.Thesecondsettingwassprawlinggrowth—afamiliarpatternwherehomesarebuilthereandtherebeyondthecity’scurrentboundaries.
Theteam’sforecastsshowedthatamuchgreaterdiversityofspecieswaslostover20yearsinthesprawlingsettingcomparedtothemorecompactsetting.“Urbansprawlresultedinthedisappearanceofmanyurban-sensitivebirds—birdsthatonlyliveinareaswherethereisnativevegetation(植被),suchasparklandsandwoodlands,”Ms.Sushinskysays.
“Ontheotherhand,wefoundthecitywiththecompactdevelopmentattractedmorebirdsbecauseitkeptmoreofitsparksandgreenareas.”
NowtheQueenslandGovernmenthasadoptedthemorecompacturbangrowthstrategy,which,Dr.RichardFullersays,isgoodnewsforAustralia’snativebirds.Thesebirdsareenvironmentalspecialists—theyneedaparticularenvironmenttodowell.“Whilecompactdevelopmentmeanssmallerbackyards,itcanalsomakeourentirecitiesmorebiodiverse,”accordingtoDr.Fuller.“Thestudyshowsthatweshouldholdontoourgreenspacesinsteadofclearingthemforsprawlingdevelopment.”
Thisisthefirsttimesciencehasmodeledtheeffectsofdifferenturbangrowthstrategiesonbirds,theresearcherssay.“Statisticalmodelsliketheseareimportantbecausetheyhelpustounderstandtheecologicalconsequencesofaparticulardecision,”saysDrFuller.
1.Whyiscompacturbangrowthbetterthanthesprawlingstrategy?
A.Itmakesthecitiesmorebeautiful.B.Itgivespeoplelargerbackyards.
C.Itismoney-saving.D.Itisbird-friendly.
2.DrRichardFullerthinkstheQueenslandGovernment’saction______.
A.isreallybraveB.isworthpraising
C.hasanuncertainfutureD.shouldbeperformednationwide
3.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyfromthepassage?
A.Itisbasedonthestatisticsinthepast.
B.Itisstronglyagainsturbandevelopment.
C.ItcriticizesthecityenvironmentinBrisbane.
D.Itsuggestsleavingmoregreenspacesforbirds.
4.Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?
A.Anewsreport.B.Atravelguide.
C.Ahealthmagazine.D.Ahistorybook.
TheworksofShakespeareandWordsworthare“rocket-boosters(火箭助推器)”tothebrainandbettertherapythanself-helpbooks,researcherswillsaythisweek.
Scientists,psychologists(心理学家)andEnglishacademicsatLiverpoolUniversityhavefoundthatreadingtheworksoftheBardandotherclassicalwritershasabeneficialeffectonthemind,catchesthereaders'attentionandcausesmomentsofself-reflection.
Usingscanners(扫描仪),theymonitoredthebrainactivityofvolunteersastheyreadworksbyWilliamShakespeare,WilliamWordsworth,T.SEliotandothers.
Theythen“translated”thetextsintomore“straightforward”,modernlanguageandagainmonitoredthereaders'brainsastheyreadthewords.
Scansshowedthatthemore“challenging”prose(散文)andpoetrysetofffarmoreelectricalactivityinthebrainthanthemorepedestrian(通俗化的)versions.
Scientistswereabletostudythebrainactivityasitrespondedtoeachwordandrecordhowit“litup”asthereadersencounteredunusualwords,surprisingphrasesordifficultsentencestructure.
This“lightingup”ofthemindlastslongerthantheinitialelectricalspark,shiftingthebraintoahighergear,encouragingfurtherreading.
Theresearchalsofoundthatreadingpoetry,inparticular,increasedactivityintherighthemisphere(半球)ofthebrain,anareaconcernedwith“autobiographicalmemory”,helpingthereadertoreflectonandreappraisetheirownexperiencesinlightofwhattheyhaveread.Theacademicssaidthismeanttheclassicsweremoreusefulthanself-helpbooks.
PhilipDavis,anEnglishprofessorwhohasworkedonthestudywiththeuniversity'smagneticresonancecentre,willtellaconferencethisweek:
Seriousliteratureactslikearocket-boostertothebrain.
Theresearchshowsthepowerofliteraturetoshiftmentalpathways,tocreatenewthoughts,shapesandconnectionsintheyoungandtheelderlyalike.
5.HowdoclassicssuchasShakespeareandWordsworthbenefitthereaders?
A.Theysetofffarlesselectricalactivityinthebrain.
B.Theylightupthemindshorterthantheinitialelectricalspark.
C.Theyshiftphysicalpathwaysintheyoungandtheelderly.
D.Theydrawreaders'attentionandhelpmakeself-examination.
6.Whydothey“translate”thetextsintomore“straightforward”,modernlanguage?
A.Toprovethatclassicsaremoreusefulthanordinaryversions.
B.Toshowself-helpbooksactlikerocket-boosterstothebrain.
C.Totellseriousliteraturesetsofffarlesselectricalactivity.
D.Tomakeknownordinaryversionssetoffmoreelectricalactivity.
7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“encountered”probablymeaninthepassage?
A.foundoutB.metwith
C.learnedaboutD.knewabout
8.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.OrdinaryVersionsCreateNewThoughts
B.ModernLanguageIncreasestheBrain
C.ClassicsHelpImprovetheBrainActivity
D.Self-helpBooks,Rocket-boosters
IntheU.S.stateofWashington,aroadcalledInterstate(州际公路;州际的)90cutsthroughawildmountainousareatoreachthecityofSeattle.Forthearea'smanykindsofanimals,busyhigh-waygreatlylimitstheirmovements.Animalsneedtomovetofindfood,tofindmates,tofindnewplacestoliveastheirpopulationsexpandorjustwhenconditionschange,likeafirebreaksout.CrossingI-90–astheroadiscalled–isariskybutsometimesnecessaryact.Butsoon,animalswillhaveasaferchoice.Theywillbeabletogoaboveit.
Tohelptheanimals,thestateisfinishingworkonitslargest-everwildlifebridge.The11-meter-tall,20-meter-widebridgebeginsintheforest.Itformstwoarchesabovethehighway,oneforeachdirectionoftraffic.Workersareaddingfencingantiplantstohelpguidetheanimalsacrossthebridge,Two-meter-thickwallswillhelpblocknoisefromvehiclesbelow.Scientistschosetheareabecauseitiswithinanaturalmigration(迁徙)pathforsomeanimals.
TheI-90bridgeispartofagrowingnumberofwildlifecrossingsacrosstheUnitedStates.Somearefences,someareoverlandbridges,andsomeareunderpasses.Theyallaimtokeepdriversandanimalsawayfromeachother.
AU.S.TransportationDepartmentstudyfoundcrashesbetweenanimalsandhumansroseyearbyyear.Theaccidentsmadeupabout5percentofallcrashesnationally,andcosttheeconomy(经济)about$8billion.Suchcostscomefromcarrepaid,emergencyroomvisitsandremovalofthedeadanimalsonroads.Collisionsbetweenanimalsanddriversarerarelydeadlytopeople.Buttheyareoftendeadlytowildlife.Thestudyalsofoundthat21endangeredorthreatenedspeciesintheU.S.areaffectedbyvehiclehits.Bridges,underpassesandfencingreduceIhearea'sanimal-drivercollisionsby80percent.
Mostofthewildlifebridgesareinwesternstates.Manyotherareasalsoneedsuchpaths.Butfindingmoneyformorecrossingsis“the-number-oneproblem”.PattyGarvey—DardaoftheU.S.ForestServicehasworkedontheI-90crossingfromthestartoftheproject.Shesaysthe$6-millionbridgewillonedaypayforitselfbecausethehighwaywillnothavetobefullyorpartlyclosedeachtimealargeanimalisstruck.“IfyoushutclownInterstate90,youshutdowninterstatetrade.”sheadds.
9.WhatdoweknowaboutdieI-90?
A.ItgoesfromWashingtonD.CtoSeattle,
B.Itisdangerousforwildanimalstocross.
C.Itblocksthemovementsofwildanimals.
D.Itisthelongest-everhighwayintheworld.
10.Whatisbeingdonetohelptheanimals?
A.Buildingawildlifebridgetokeepdriversandanimalsaway.
B.Designingwallstoprotectanimalsfromtrafficaccidents.
C.forming2arches,onefortrafficandtheotherforanimals.
D.Choosinganaturalandsafeareaforwildanimalstolivein.
11.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?
A.Trafficaccidentswentdowngraduallynationwide.
B.Mostmoneywasspentinrescuingwildanimals,
C.Collisionsaremoredeadlytowildlifethantopeople,
D.Somespeciesnolongerexistedbecauseofvehiclehits.
12.WhichofthestatementsmayPattyGarvey-Dardaagreewith?
A.Thebridgecoststoomuchmoney.
B.Animalswon11bestruckbydrivers.
C.Theefforttobuildthebridgewillpayoff.
D.Collisionswon'taffectnationaltradeatall.
20yearsago,acoupleofecologists,DanielJanzenandWinnieHallwachs,convincedDelOro,alargeorangejuiceproducer,todonatepartoftheirforestlandtoanationalparkinexchangefortherighttodump(倾倒)massiveamountsoforangepeelsona3-hectarepieceoflandwithinthenationalpark,atnocost.Dealingwithtonsofwastepeelsusuallyinvolvedburningthemorpayingtohavethemdumpedatalandfill,sotheproposalwasveryattractive.
Ayearafterthecontractwassigned,DelOr