8不定式Infinitive.docx

8不定式Infinitive.docx

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8不定式Infinitive

KeytotheExercises

练习答案

Assignment

⏹____inBeijingforquiteafewyears,Mr.Parkhadlittledifficulty___spokenChinese.A.Living,tounderstandB.Tolive,understandingC.Havinglived,tounderstandD.Havinglived,understanding

⏹Don’tfeelsoluckyastoescape___becauseyouhaveaveryfastsportscar.A.tofineB.befinedC.beingfinedD.fining

Assignment

⏹___withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhighatall.A.WhencomparedB.WhilecomparingC.CompareD.Comparing

⏹Whenheturnedtothecorner,hefoundhimself___byamaninblack.A.tailB.tailsC.tailingD.tailed

Assignment

⏹Theoldmancameupstairswithgreatstrength,hisrighthand____astickforsupport.A.heldB.holdingC.beingholdingD.washolding

⏹“Howdidthegroupimproveitsdiscussion?

”“Theyalltookpart,eachmember___theresponsibilityofleadingonemeeting.”A.hasB.hashadC.havingD.tohave

Assignment

⏹Theyhaveearnedalotofmoneytheseyears&theyareevenconsidering___acar.A.tobuyB.asbuyingC.ofbuyingD.buying

⏹Thedecision___,thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.A.havingbeenmadeB.havingmadeC.havingbeenmakingD.beenmade

Assignment

⏹Theoldarenotused___insuchacoldclimate.A.toliveB.tolivingC.oflivingD.havinglived

⏹If____successfully,theplanwillcompletelychangethetrafficconditionsinthecity.A.carryingoutB.carryoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout

infinitive

不定式

不定式

⏹在句中可作除谓语以外的一切成份：

主、表、宾、定、状、（主、宾）补语。

不定式作主语

⏹Tosaysomethingisonething,todoitisanother.

⏹Itisnotfairtoblamethemfortheaccident.（it形式主语）

不定式作表语

⏹Mysuggestionistocarryouttheplanimmediately.

⏹Thequestionishowtoorganizethework.（不定式的特殊结构，见后）

不定式作宾语

⏹Heofferedtogowithus.

⏹Idon'tknowwheretogetthebooks.

（不定式的特殊结构，见后）

⏹常跟todo（不定式）作宾语的v:

⏹afford,agree,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,care,choose,claim（声称）,dare,decide,decline（谢绝）,desire,determine,fail,intend,learn,long,mean,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,seek,tend,undertake（承担）,volunteer.

不定式的特殊结构

⏹构成：

疑问代词、副词及whether/if+todo

⏹常跟疑问代词、副词及whether/if+todo作宾语的v.有

⏹ask,consider,decide,discover,discuss,explain,findout,inquire,forget,know,learn,remember,show（演示）,tell,think,understand,wonder.

Examples

⏹Istilldon’tknowwhomtoturntoforhelp.

⏹Theyaretryingtofindouthowtosolvetheproblem.

⏹Showmewheretoputthebooks.

⏹Theyhaven’tdecidedyet（asto）whethertoacceptourofferofhelp.

⏹如果不定式作宾语又跟有补语，通常要用“it”作形式宾语，而将不定式放到补语后面去。

⏹eg.他们发现提前做好一切准备是不可能的。

⏹Theyfounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyinadvance.

⏹Iconsideritmydutytopointouttheirshortcomings.

作宾/主语补足语

⏹Mr.Smithwantshissontobecomealawyer.

⏹Thesuspectedmanwasseentoenterthebuilding.

⏹跟不带“to”的不定式作宾补的v:

⏹see,hear,lookat,listento,feel,observe,watch,notice等感官v及let,make,have,keep.

⏹Theteachermakesuswriteacompositioneveryweek..（被动语态中要加上“to”）

不定式的复合谓语结构

⏹复合谓语结构:

（两个或多个部分构成复合谓语，如:

Hecandoit）

⏹

（1）besaid（reported,known,believed,announced,claimed,stated,…）+todo

⏹=>Itissaid...that…

⏹Beijingisknowntohaverichculturalheritage.

⏹（ItisknownthatBeijinghas...）

⏹

（2）seem（happen,appear,prove,tend）+todo

⏹Ihappenedtobeoutwhenshecalled.

⏹（3）belikely（certain,sure,willing,anxious,ready,bound,eager,reluctant）+todo

⏹Theyarelikelytosucceed.

⏹Sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.

不定式作定语

⏹通常为后置修饰语:

（post-modifier）

⏹Heusedtohavealotofmeetingstoattend.

⏹Thereisnothingtoworryabout.

不定式作状语:

目的状语

⏹Hehurriedthroughhisworksoasto（inorderto）catchthetrain.

⏹Theywillgotothestationtomeettheguests.

⏹Tosurvivetheseverecompetitioninthefuturesociety,onemusthaveall-roundabilities.

不定式作状语:

结果状语

⏹Shewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.

⏹IhurriedtoProf.Wang'shouseonlytofindhewasout.（常表示令人不快的结果）

不定式作状语:

原因状语

⏹Weareoverjoyedtoseeyou.

⏹Iamhappytobehere.

⏹Ifeelhonoredtogiveaspeechhere.

作插入语

⏹插入语（独立成份）

⏹Tobefair,hehasworkedhardthesedays.

⏹Wedon'tlikehisidea,totellyouthetruth.

⏹HeisnotgoodatEnglish,tosaynothingofFrench.（letaloneFrench）

逻辑主语

（1）:

⏹用of+n./pron来表示逻辑主语:

当“be+adj.+逻辑主语+todo”结构中的adj.是absurd,bold,brave,careful,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,honest,kind,nice,polite,rude,silly,thoughtful,considerate,wise,wrong,typical,naughty,selfish,generous等表示人的品行的词

Examples

⏹1.Itisthoughtfulofyoutocometoseeme.

⏹2.Ithinkitwrongofhimnottoacceptourinvitation.

⏹3.ItisselfishofTomnottolendhisbooktoMary.

⏹4.Itisgenerousofyoutohelpmewithmywork.

逻辑主语

（2）:

⏹用for+n./pron表示逻辑主语:

⏹1.Itisnecessaryforthegoodstobepackedinstrongcases.

⏹2.Ifounditimpossibleforhimtodothejobalone.

⏹3.Hegavemethephonenumberinorderformetocontacthimwhenweareinneedofhelp.（他给了我他的电话号码,以便我们需要帮助时与他联系.）

独立结构

⏹独立结构：

（不定式的逻辑主语与句子主语不同）该结构在句中一般作说明情况的状语。

⏹Theplanwasthatthecontendingpartiesshouldreachanearlyagreementonbasicprinciples,thedetailstobeworkedoutlater.

⏹（这个计划是让争执的双方先在基本原则上达成协议，细节以后再磋商。

）

AnotherExample

⏹Heproposedapicnic,hehimselftopaytherailwaytickets,andJohntoprovidethefood.

不带“to”的不定式

⏹使用不带“to”的不定式的几种句型

⏹

（1）口语中，以why开头的简单问句

⏹Whydoitthatway?

为什么用这种方法来做这事呢？

⏹Whynotgooutforawalk?

为什么不出去散散步呢？

⏹

（2）在hadbetter,wouldrather...（than）...,would...ratherthan,wouldsooner...（than）,cannotbut...,can'thelpbut...,may（might）aswell...（不妨...）等习惯用法中

Examples

⏹Sincesheisangry,wehadbetterletheralone.

⏹Ratherthanbeginthestreet,hewouldprefertodieofhunger.（Hewouldratherdieofhungerthanbeginthestreet...）

⏹Icouldn'thelpbutwaitforthenextbustocome.

⏹（3）在donothing/anything/everythingbut（except）结构中

⏹LastnightIdidnothingbutwatchTV.

⏹Johnwilldoanythingbutworkonafarm.

⏹但谓语动词不是do时，but/except所跟的不定式仍须带“to”

⏹Thedoctortoldhimnothingbuttostopsmoking.

⏹Therewasnothingforthemtodobuttoremainsilent.

⏹Ihavenochoice/alternative/optionbuttogiveintoherpower.

不定式的特殊用法

⏹一些固定结构中不定式的用法

⏹too...to表否定含义,而enough...to...表肯定

⏹a.Itwastoocoldforustogoshopping.

⏹（=Itwassocoldthatwecouldn't...）

⏹b.Itwascoldenoughtofreezeourfingers.

⏹但enoughto之前如有否定词，不定式也表否定含义

⏹Thewaterisn'twarmenoughforustogoswimming.

⏹（=Thewaterisn'twarmenoughsowecan't...）

⏹（alltoo）,onlytoo等与不定式连用表示肯定意义

⏹He‘sonlytoopleasedtohelpus.非常愿意/高兴帮助我们。

⏹Ishallbeonlytoopleasedtocome.

⏹tooreadyto结构表肯定意义

⏹He'stooreadytopromise.他太易于许诺。

⏹He'stooreadytocriticizeothers.

不定式的语态

⏹主动语态thelastpersontoleave

⏹被动语态thepersontobereliedon

⏹当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者，用被动语态

⏹Heisbelievedtobeelectedmonitor.

⏹Thehousetobebuiltisourdiningroom.

⏹Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.

⏹Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere.

不定式的时态

⏹一般式

⏹towrite

⏹tobewritten

⏹完成

⏹tohavewritten

⏹tohavebeenwritten

⏹进行tobewriting

⏹完成进行tohavebeenwriting

⏹如不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后（或与之同时发生或将要发生），用一般时

⏹Heisdeterminedtoworkhardernextterm.

⏹I'msorrytohearthenews.

⏹SheissupposedtoleaveforNewYorknextweek.

⏹如不定式（动态动词）表示的动作与谓语动作发生在同一时间，用进行时

⏹I'mgladtobeworkingwithyou.

⏹Theyseemtobehavingameeting.

⏹不定式动作先于谓语动作,用完成式

⏹Theenemywasreportedtohavesurrenderedtwodaysbefore.

⏹HeissaidtohavetranslatedmanyarticlesintoEnglish.

Assignment

⏹Hemovedintothenewhouseinthesuburbssothatthekidswouldhaveagarden___.A.wheretoplayB.toplaywithC.toplayD.inwhichtoplay

⏹Theproblemofstoringthesun’sheatissupposed___byscientistsallovertheworld.A.tobestudiedB.tohavebeenstudiedC.beingstudiedD.havingbeenstudied

Assignment

⏹Hewassupposed___for5yearswhenthepolicefoundhisdeadbodythere.

A.tohavediedB.tobedeadC.tohavebeendeadD.havingdied

⏹Johnregretted___theTVsetlastmonth.Thepricehasnowgoneup.

A.notbuyingB.notbuyC.nottobuyD.buyingnot

Assignment

⏹Inthecourseofadaystudentsdofarmorethanjust___classes.A.toattendB.attendC.attendingD.attended

⏹Herewefoundlittlesnow,asmostofitseemed___blownoffthemountain.A.tohavebeenB.thatitwasC.tobeD.thatithadbeen

Assignment

⏹Thelab___nextyearwillbemoreadvancedthantheoldone.A.builtB.beingbuiltC.tobebuiltD.tobebuilding

⏹Thereisnothingthatdepressesmemorethan___upwithahangoveronawetMonday.A.wakeB.wakingC.towakeD.woke

Assignment

⏹Hewentontosaythatitwasasimportanttorespectothersas___byothers.A.beingrespectedB.torespectC.toberespectedD.respected

⏹Tomcan’tbut___hissupervisortohelphimsolvethedifficultyhehasindoinghisproject.A.toaskB.askC.askingD.asked