信息系统开发与管理简答题Brief answer to information system development and management.docx
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信息系统开发与管理简答题Briefanswertoinformationsystemdevelopmentandmanagement
信息系统开发与管理简答题(Briefanswertoinformationsystemdevelopmentandmanagement)
1.themainadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthedistributedstructureofinformationsystemarediscussed.
Advantages:
itcanconfigureinformationresourcesaccordingtoapplicationrequirementsandaccess.
Second,itisbeneficialtogivefullplaytotheinitiativeandenthusiasmofusersandimprovetheadaptabilityofthesystem.
Thesystemiseasytoexpand.
Fourth,thesystemrobustnessisgood
Disadvantages:
first,thescatteredinformationresources,development,maintenanceandmanagementstandardsaredifficulttounify.
Thesystemsindifferentregionssometimeshaveconflicts,andmanagementcoordinationisdifficult
Safetyandsecuritymeasuresaredifficulttobeunified.
2.,thesignificanceandstagedivisionofmanagementinformationsystemlifecyclearediscussed.
Theprocessofproducing,developing,maturingandupdatingofmanagementinformationsystemiscalledthelifecycleofmanagementinformationsystem.
Itcanbedividedintofourstages:
systemplanning,systemdevelopment,systemoperationandmaintenance,andsystemupdating.
Thesystemdevelopmentphasecanbedividedintothreestages:
systemanalysis,systemdesignandsystemimplementation.
3.thebasicideasandmainprinciplesofstructuredmethodsforsystemdevelopmentarediscussed.
1thebasicidea,structuredmethodisthewholeprocessofsystemdevelopmentisdividedintoseveralstages,eachstageofcertainactivities,eachactivitywithaseriesofstandards,specifications,methodsandtechnologytocompleteoneormoretasks,formconformstoagivenproductspecification(results)
2.Themainprinciplesofstructuredmethodsare:
Principlesofuserparticipation,logicalandpostphysics,andstrictdivisionofworkstage;
Principleofsubordinateitems;thestandardizationprincipleofproductiondescription.
4.discussthemainadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthefourthgenerationlanguage.
Advantages:
highprogrammingefficiency,cangreatlyshortenthedevelopmenttime.
Theinterfaceisfriendlyandconvenientfortheaverageusertostudy.
Suitableforendusersanddevelopers.
Disadvantages:
theresultingsoftwarerunspoorly.
5.brieflydescribesthebasiccontentoftheoverallstructureofthesystem.
Theoverallstructureofthesystemreferstowhatthewholesystemconsistsof,andthephysicalandlogicalrelationshipsamongtheparts,includinghardwareandsoftware.Includingtheoveralllayoutofthesystemdesign,theoveralldesignofthesoftwaresystem,theoverallstructureofdatastoragedesign.
6.brieflydescribethecharacteristicsofthesystemdesign.
Theenvironmentofsystemdesignisthecombinationofmanagementenvironmentandtechnologyenvironment.
7.brieflydescribetheuser'sprimaryroleindevelopingthesystemusinglifecyclemethodology.
Inthelifecyclemethod,usersareoneofthemajorcomponentsofasystembuilder.Theroleoftheuserdemandisclearanddetailedthefunctionsofthesystem,thevariousstagesoftheauditresultsandacceptancefromtheuser'spointofview,toprovidethenecessaryresourcessystemconstruction,coordinationbetweeninformationsystemandorganizationdepartments.
8.brieflydescribethepurposeandresultsoftheinformationflowsurveyinthedetailedinvestigation.
Objective:
inordertousethecomputertocontroltheorganizationofinformation,mustgiveothercontenttoflow,abstractedinformationflow,processing,storageprocess,comprehensiveinformationfloworganization.
Results:
dataflowdiagram
9.brieflydescribethephysicalcompositionofthemanagementinformationsystem.
(1)computerhardwaresystem
(2)computersoftwaresystem
(3)dataanditsstoragemedium
(4)communicationsystem
(5)informationcollectionandprocessingequipmentfornoncomputersystems
(6)rulesandregulations
(7)staffmembers;
10.brieflydescribethebasicrequirementsforcompilingdatadictionaries.
(L)thedefinitionofvariouscomponentsonadataflowdiagrammustbeclear,understandable,andunique.
(2)thecommandsandnumbersareconsistentwiththedataflowdiagram.Ifnecessary,codingcanbeaddedtofacilitatequeries,retrieval,maintenanceandstatisticalreports.
(3)tomeettherequirementsofconsistencyandintegrity,andtodefineandexplainthecomponentsofthedataflowdiagramwithoutomission.
(4)formatspecifications,styleunity,textrefining,digitalandsymbolcorrect.
11.,thebasisofevaluationofcomputersystemschemeinmanagementinformationsystemisbrieflyintroduced.
Whetherallthefunctionalrequirementsaremetandthefuturedevelopmentistakenintoaccount.
Accessoriesarecomplete.
Whethersoftwareisrichornot.
Isthetechnologyadvanced?
.
Isthebackupreliable?
.
Whetherthedevelopmentofthesystem.
Thepriceisreasonable.
12.,briefdescriptionofthemaincontentofinformationresources.
Informationresourcesusuallyinclude:
information(news,knowledgeandTechnology)anditscarrier;informationcollection,transmission,processing,storagefacilitiesandmanufacturingsoftware;thehardwareandsoftwarefacilities;therelevantinformationcollection,processing,transmission,storage,anduseavarietyofstandards,norms,rulesandregulations,methods,etc..
13.,whatarethecomplexityofmanagementinformationsystemconstruction?
Thecomplexityofconstructionofmanagementinformationsystemismainlyembodiedinthefollowingfiveaspects.
(1)thecomplexityofconstructionenvironment.
(2)thediversityofuserrequirements.
(3)thecomplexityofconstructioncontent.
(4)thecomplexityoftechnicalmeans.
(5)thedensityofresourcesneededforconstruction.
14.brieflydescribetheobjectivesofthefeasibilitystudyandthekeyproblemstobesolvedinthephaseofsystemanalysis.
Thegoalistofurtherdefinethegoals,dimensionsandfunctionsofthesystem,andproposepreliminaryplansandplansfortheproposeddevelopmentsystem.Itisnecessarytodemonstratethescale,objectivesandconstraintsofthesystem,andputforwardthelogicalmodelandpossibleschemeofthesystemtoprovidescientificbasisfordecisionmakingofthesystemdevelopmentproject.
Thekeyproblemstobesolvedaretechnicalfeasibilitystudy,economicfeasibilitystudy,feasibilitystudy,systemdevelopment,preliminaryplananddevelopmentplan
15.brieflydescribethemainprinciplesoftheoverallstructuredesignofdatastorage.
(L)therationalityofthedatastructure.
(2)thesecurityofdatastorage.
(3)maintenanceandmanagementareconvenient.
16.brieflydescribethebasicstartingpointandfourmainstepsoftheBSP(enterprisesystemplanning)method.
ThebasicstartingpointofBSPmethodologyisthat..:
(L)aninformationsystemmustsupporttheobjectivesoftheenterprise.
(2)aninformationsystemstrategyshouldexpresstheneedsofdifferentmanagementlevelsinanenterprise.
(3)aninformationsystemshouldprovideconsistentinformationtotheorganizationasawhole.
(4)aninformationsystemshouldmaintainitsabilitytoworkwhentheorganizationalstructureandmanagementsystemchange.
(5)astrategicplanningofaninformationsystemshouldbeginwithasubsystemintheoverallinformationsystem.
ThemainstepsofBSPimplementation:
Definingenterprisegoals;definingenterpriseprocesses;definingdataclasses;definingtheoverallstructureoftheinformationsystem.
17.brieflydescribetheimportance,maincontent,strategyandbasicmethodofinformationcollectioninsystemanalysis
Theimportanceofinformationcollectionisthebasisforcompletingsystemanalysistasks.
Maincontents:
(1)informationaboutorganization
(2)abouthumaninformation(3)informationaboutwork
Collectionstrategy
(1)comprehensiveinvestigationstrategy.
(2)keyfactorstrategy.(3)pointtosurfacecombinationstrategy.
Thebasicmethodsofinformationcollection:
interview,questionnaire,literaturereviewandfieldobservation
18.brieflydescribetheobjectandpurposeofthesystemtestandthebasicprinciples.
Object:
software.Objective:
todetecterrors.
Principle:
thetestworkshouldbeavoidedtobebornebytheindividualorgroupforthedevelopmentofsoftware;testdesign,notonlyincludestheinputdatatodetermine,butshouldincludethetestresultsexpectedfromthesystemfunction;testcasesshouldnotonlyincludethevalidinputdata,butalsoreasonable,includinginvalidorunreasonableinputdata;checkwhethertheprogramisnotonlytodo,butalsocheckwhethertheprogramshouldnotbemadetodothesame;andhavefoundamatureprobabilityisproportionaltothenumberofmaturesoftwarestillexists
19.describethemainfeaturesoftheinformation.
Features:
(L)scalability.
(2)storable.(3)machinability.(4)sharing.(5)timedelay
20.brieflydescribethemaincontentsofeachphaseoftheMISlifecycle.
(1)systemplanning:
strategicplanning,organizationofinformationneedsanalysis,andresourceallocation;
(2)systemdevelopment:
systemanalysis,systemdesignandsystemimplementation;
(3)systemoperationandmaintenance:
implementationofsystemoperationmanagementandmaintenancework;
(4)systemupdate:
analyzecurrentsystemissuesandmakeupdateddecisions.
21.brieflydescribethebasiccompositionofadataflowdiagram.
(1)externalitems(externalentities)
(2)processing(dataprocessing)
(3)datastorage
(4)dataflow
22.brieflydescribethecodeanditsfunction.
Code:
aspecificsymbolusedtorepresententities,classes,andattributesofanobject.
Itsfunctionisasfollows:
(1)signfunction.
(2)statisticalandretrievalfunc