概要写作之记叙文高考英语题型大冲关上海专用.docx

概要写作之记叙文高考英语题型大冲关上海专用.docx

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概要写作之记叙文高考英语题型大冲关上海专用

（一）概要写作题型解读

Bysummary,wemeanabriefrestatement,inyourownwords,ofthecontentofapassage,anarticle.

1、原文材料350词左右，写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。

2、在正确理解文章的基础上,在不改变原文中心思想的前提下用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点

3、原文以说明文、议论文、记叙文为主。

（二）概要写作的要点

1.简要性（Conciseness）：

Omitunnecessarydetailslikeexamples,explanationsandotherunimportantinformation.

2.完整性（Completeness）：

Toincludeallthemainandsupportingpointsdeliveredinyouownwordsinacondensedmanner.

3.准确性（Accuracy）：

Togivethesameattentionandstresstothepointsastheauthordoes.

4.连贯性（Coherence）：

Ratherthananoutlinelistedaskeywordsandphrases,asummaryisaparagraphwithnecessarytransitionsandfunctionstructurestomakeitflow.

5.客观性（Objectivity）：

Donotincludeyourownideasoremotionsonthetopic.Thesummaryshouldreflectthecontentoftheoriginalpassageonly.

（三）概要写作的步骤

1.Skimthetexttofindoutthegeneraltheme.快读原文，明确主题

2.Analyzethetext’sstructuretodivideitintoseveralsections,findoutthemainideaofeachsectionandwriteitoutbrieflywithyourownwords.（onesentence）划分各段，找出要点

3.Writedownthekeysupportingpointsforeachmainideawithoutminordetails.抓重点，去枝节

4.Organizethemainandrelatedsupportingpointsinalogicalorderwithnecessarytransitionstoachievecoherence.归纳整理，转述大意

5.Proofreadforgrammatical,spellingandpunctuationmistakes.复读核对，检查错误

（四）记叙文概要写作技巧

记叙文（Narration）：

找出时间（when）,地点（where）,什么人（who）,做了什么事（what）,为什么做（why）,结果怎么样（how）六要素。

其中,最重要的要点是某人（who）做了何事（what）。

若是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。

1.叙事性的记叙文（Narration）。

叙事性的记叙文的主要内容的概括主要抓住记叙文的几个要素：

时间、地点、人物、事件和影响或后果。

2.写人的记叙文（Description）。

写人的记叙文总结要点主要抓住人物的主要特点或事迹，划出关键词（所谓关键词是文中反复出现的体现主题或关联的词）。

（五）记叙文概要写作模板

记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。

在写概要前，除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：

when,where,who,what,why,how。

在这六个要素中，所占内容比重最大的是what。

一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示：

记叙文：

what/who/when/where/why/how

Whodidwhatby…because…

当然，不是说每个故事概要都包含how或why，有时两者选其一即可。

（六）记叙文概要写作样文展示

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible. 

Discoveringalostbrother

①KieronGrahamalwaysknewhehadanolderbrothernamedVincent.ThoughKieronspentyearsthinkingabouthim,hecouldnevertrackhimdown.

②ThatchangedinDecember2017,whenKieron’sadoptiveparentsgavehimanAncestryDNAtestasaChristmasgift.Kieron,now21,senthissaliva（唾液）sampleinforanalysis.Whenhisresultscameback,hewasstunnedtofindhehadalotofDNAmatchesforrelativeswhohadalsotakenthetest.Mostweredistantconnections,butonematchwassostrongthatitwaslabeled“closefamily.”HisnamewasVincentGhant.KieronlookedforhimonFacebookandsoonmadeapossibleconnection.“Thisisgoingtosoundsowild…butIthinkyou’remybrother,”KieronwroteonFacebook’sMessengerapp.“Iwasgivenupforadoptionin1997anditsaysonmypaperworkthatmymotherhasasonwithyournameandyourbirthdate.HernameisShawn.”

③“OMGdoyouknowyourrealname?

”wroteVincent,now30.

④“IthinkitwasTyler.”

⑤“OMGYES!

!

!

Youaremybrother.”

⑥“Wow,”wroteKieron.

⑦“Thisiscrazy,”saidVincent.

⑧Thecrazinesswasjustbeginning.Astheytalked,thebrothersrealizedtheylivedabout20minutesfromeachother.Moresurprising,theyattendedthesameuniversityandmajoredandminoredinthesamesubjects:

politicalscienceandlegalstudies.

⑨VincentwasninewhenKieronwasbornandrememberscaringforhisbabybrother.Buttimesweretough,andShawn,whoworked15-plushoursadayasanurse,decidedthatplacingKieronforadoptionwouldgivehimthebestchancetosucceed.

⑩“Shewasveryemotionalaboutthattime,tothepointwhereitwashardforhertoputintowordsanythingaboutwhathappened,”Vincentsays.

⑾Nowthebrothershadthechancetomakeupforlosttime.Theydecidedtomeetatalocalteashopthatweek.

⑿OneofVincent’sconcernswasthatKieronmightresenthisbirthfamilyforplacinghimforadoption.HewasrelievedKierondidn’t,andthathe’dgrownupinalovingfamily.

⒀Sincethatfirstmeeting,thebrothershavebondedevenmore.TheyplayfootballtogetherandcelebratedChristmaswiththeirfamilies.“We’llkeepgrowingourrelationshipuntilit’stimetoleavethisplanet,”saysVincent.Thatshouldn’tbehard.AsKieronsays,“We’vegotyearsandyearstocatchupon.”

【解析指导】

1.Mainidea

本文讲述了一对分开多年的兄弟重聚的故事。

文章前半部分主要讲Kieron如何通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥Vincent，后半部分讲述了他们重聚之后的往来，以及迅速建立感情。

2.Textstructure

全文可以划分为三个部分：

①-⑧第一部分：

Kieron通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥。

⑨-⑩第二部分：

Kieron的妈妈为什么放弃他，让别人领养他。

⑾-⒀第三部分：

Kieron和哥哥重聚后，迅速建立感情。

3.Mindmap

4.Writingprocedure

Step1：

细读全文，明确主题。

本文主要是讲述了一对分开多年的兄弟重聚的故事。

Step2：

划分要点。

记叙文注意是找who/what/when/where/why/how

who：

Kieron

what:

foundhisbrotherVincent

when/why:

文中划线处

where:

无需强调

how:

throughanAncestryDNAtestandFacebook

Step3：

标主题句或关键词。

已在文中用横线标出每段主题句。

Step4：

概括。

5.Summarywriting

Kieron,givenupforadoptionreluctantlybyhismotherwhenhewasababy,foundhisbrotherVincentthroughanAncestryDNAtestandFacebook.Surprisingly,theylivedquiteclosetoeachotherandstudiedthesamesubjectsinthesameuniversity.Aftertheirfirstmeeting,thetwobrothersquicklybondedandwouldenhancetheirrelationshipintheyearstocome.（60words）

Summary

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

TheVoiceintheBox

WhenIwasquiteyoung,myfamilyhadoneofthefirsttelephonesintheneighborhood.Irememberwellthepolishedwoodencasefastenedtothewallonthelowerstairlanding.Butmyfirstpersonalexperiencewiththisgenie-in-the-receivercameonedaywhilemymotherwasvisitinganeighbor.Amusingmyselfatthetoolbenchinthebasement,Ihurtmyfingerwithahammer.Thepainwasterrible,buttheredidn’tseemtobemuchusecrying,becausetherewasnoonehometooffersympathy.Iwalkedaroundthehouse,andfinallyarrivedatthestairway.Thetelephone!

QuicklyIranforthefootstoolanddraggedittothelanding.Climbingup,Iunhookedthereceiverandheldittomyear.“InformationPlease,”Isaidintothemouthpiecejustabovemyhead.

Aclickortwo,andasmall,clearvoicespokeintomyear,“Information.”

“Ihurtmyfinger—”Icriedintothephone.Thetearscamereadilyenough,nowthatIhadanaudience.

“Isn’tyourmotherhome?

”camethequestion.

“Nobody’shomebutme,”Isobbed.

“Areyoubleeding?

”

“No,”Ireplied.“Ihititwiththehammerandithurts.”

“Canyouopenyouricebox?

”sheasked.IsaidIcould.“Thenbreakoffalittlepieceofice,andholditonyourfinger.Thatwillstopthehurt.Becarefulwhenyouusetheicepick（冰锥）,”shesaid.“Anddon’tcry.You’llbeallright.”

Afterthat,IcalledInformationPleaseforeverything.Iaskedherforhelpwithmygeography,andshetoldmewherePhiladelphiawas,andtheOrinoco,theromanticriverthatIwasgoingtoexplorewhenIgrewup.Shehelpedmewithmyarithmetic,andshetoldmethatmypetchipmunk—Ihadcaughthimintheparkjustthedaybefore—wouldeatfruitandnuts.

【写作指导】

这是一篇记叙文，考生需要在文中找到人、时、地、事情的起因、经过、结果等主要信息。

读懂全文，可知作者意在向读者介绍他小时候使用电话的轶事，由此可以判断出这是一篇记叙文。

因此，考生需要在文中找到人、时、地、事情的起因、经过、结果等主要信息。

参考例文如下所示：

【参考范文1

】

OnedayIhurtmyfingerwhenaloneathome.ItoccurredtomethatIcouldusethetelephonetocalltheoperator.Shegavemedetailedinstructionsandcomfortedme.Ilaterturnedtothemagicdeviceforhelpwithalmosteverything.

【参考范文2】

Theauthortellsusastoryaboutherexperienceofusingthetelephonetoaskforhelp.Oneday,shegotherfingerhurtbuttherewasnooneathometoturnto.Thenthetelephonecaughthereye,andshepickedupthereceiverandtalkedtotheoperator.Luckily,shewastoldhowtodealwiththeinjuredfinger.

Summary

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

ItookatriptoabiglakeinIndonesiawithmyfamilytwoyearsago.Itwasreallyahugelakewithbeautifulsceneryallaround.Peoplewereamazedbytheendlessviewinfrontofoureyes.Lateron,unlikeothergirls,Ivolunteeredtogowater-skiingalone.Iputonthelifejacket,gotonthemotorboatimmediatelyandstartedmyengineassoonaspossible.

Thelakeseemedbroadandendless.Iwassothrilled（激动）toenjoymytripamongthemountainsandwatersthatIspedmymotorboat.Then,aftersometime,Ifoundmyselfinthemiddleoftheendlesslake.Asuddenfearcamearoundme.Ididn’tknowwhereIwasorevenhowfarIhadgonefromtheshore.Whatwasworse,itbegantorainanditbecameverycoldandfoggy.Irodeeverywherebutcouldn’tfindmywayback.Itwasuselessformetocryorshoutforhelp.IwassoterrifiedthatIbegantothinkaboutallkindsofhorriblethings.Afterfloatingonthewaterhelplesslyandhopelesslyforalongtime,suddenlyIheardsomeonecallingmyname.Soon,abigsteamboatsailedtomeandtheypulledmeuptothedeckandaskedmeifIwashurt.Icouldn’tsayawordbutcriedinmyfather’sarms.

【写作指导】

根据文本内容，这是一篇故事类的记叙文，要求对其进行概要写作。

因此，我们先找出记叙文的六要素：

When—twoyearsago

Where—atriptoabiglakeinIndonesia

Who—“I”,thewriter

What—gotlost;wasfound

Why—gowater-skiingalone;toothrilled

Result—fathercametoherrescue

列出了要点之后，我们就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来，概括成一段约60词的通顺概要：

【参考范文】

Thepassagetellsusthewriter’sexperienceofadventure.Oncethewriterwasonatriptoalakewhereshewentwater-skiingalone.Shewassoexcitedandenjoyedherselfthat