炼锌厂配烧车间的设计方案毕业论文.docx

炼锌厂配烧车间的设计方案毕业论文.docx

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炼锌厂配烧车间的设计方案毕业论文

炼锌厂配烧车间的设计方案毕业论文

1目录·····························································1

1.1概述···························································5

1.1.1锌的历史··················································5

1.2锌的性质······················································5

1.2.1物理性质··················································5

1.2.2化学性质··················································6

1.3锌的基本用途··················································6

1.4锌的矿物······················································7

1.5锌冶炼方法····················································8

1.5.1火法冶锌··················································8

1.5.2湿法炼锌··················································9

1.6我国锌冶炼的现状··············································11

2炼锌厂配烧车间的设计方案········································12

2.1焙烧原料······················································12

2.2焙烧车间的主要设备选择·······································12

2.2.1沸腾焙烧炉炉型···········································13

2.2.2气体分布板及风箱··········································18

2.2.3流态化床层排热装置·······································18

2.2.4排料口···················································18

2.2.5烟气出口·················································19

3流态化焙烧工艺··················································21

3.1概述··························································21

3.2焙烧的目的···················································21

3.3原料要求·····················································22

3.4焙烧前的准备·················································22

3.4.1配料的目的···············································22

3.4.2配料方法·················································23

3.4.3配料计算··················································23

3.5锌精矿的干燥·················································23

3.5.1锌精矿干燥的目的··········································23

3.5.2锌精矿干燥的方法·········································24

3.6锌精矿的破碎和筛分············································24

3.6.1破碎后干锌精矿的破碎·····································25

3.6.2破碎后干锌精矿的筛分·····································25

3.7锌精矿的流态化焙烧···········································25

3.7.1炉体部分及加料系统·······································27

3.7.1.1炉身····················································27

3.7.1.2炉床···················································27

3.7.2沸腾焙烧的技术条件·······································27

3.8炉气及收尘系统···············································29

3.8.1机械除尘··················································29

3.8.2电器除尘··················································29

3.9沸腾焙烧炉的烘炉开炉与停炉···································29

3.9.1烘炉·····················································29

3.9.2开炉·····················································30

3.9.3停炉·····················································30

4焙烧矿的浸出····················································31

4.1锌焙烧矿浸出的目的···········································31

4.2影响浸出速度的因素···········································31

4.2.1浸出温度对浸出速度的影响··································31

4.2.2矿浆的搅拌强度对浸出速度的影响···························32

4.2.3酸浓度对浸出速度的影响···································32

4.2.4焙烧矿本身性质对浸出速度的影响···························32

4.2.5矿浆的黏度对浸出速度的影响·······························32

4.3浸出的工艺流程···············································33

4.3.1常规法浸出的一般操作及技术条件的控制······················33

4.3.2浸出过程的技术条件控制···································34

4.3.3浸出的主要技术经济指标···································35

4.4湿法炼锌其它浸出方法·········································35

4.5锌浸出生产主要设备···········································37

4.5.1浸出槽···················································37

4.5.2空气搅拌槽···············································38

4.5.3机械搅拌槽···············································38

4.5.4液固分离设备·············································39

5硫酸锌溶液的净化················································40

5.1净化成分及目的···············································40

5.2净化方法·····················································40

5.2.1锌粉-黄药法··············································40

5.2.2砷盐法···················································40

5.2.3反向锑盐法···············································41

5.3净化过程的主要设备············································41

5.3.1流态化净化槽·············································41

5.3.2机械搅拌槽···············································42

5.3.3厢式压滤机和板框滤机板···································42

6硫酸锌溶液的电沉积··············································43

6.1锌电积生产过程···············································43

6.2电沉积基本原理···············································44

6.2.1阳极过程·················································44

6.2.2阴极过程·················································44

6.3阴极锌熔铸的生产过程·········································44

6.4锌电解生产的主要技术条件与指标分析····························45

6.4.1电锌质量········································