公务员招考体检复检申请书doc.docx

公务员招考体检复检申请书doc.docx

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公务员招考体检复检申请书doc

Therelationshipbetweenlandecologicalfunctionchangesandsocialdevelopmentneeds:

ThecaseofcentralChina

YangWeia,DuanJian-nana,LiuLuob,LiuYia,HuWenmina,WangHaiyana

（a.CollegeofResourceandEnvironment,HunanAgricultureUniversity,Changsha410128,China,b.StateKeyLaboratoryofResourcesandEnvironmentalInformationSystem,InstituteofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,CAS,Beijing100101,China;）

Abstract:

Socialdevelopmentneeds（SDN）andlandecologicalfunctions（LEF）havechanged,asevidencedbytheinfluenceduringthepasttwodecadesofrapidlygrowingeconomyandpeople'smaterialandculturalneeds.Inthisstudy,SDNwerecalculatedbasedonFive-YearPlans,andLEFweredeterminedbyLUCCdatafrom1990,1995,2000,2005and2010byusingtheDelphimethodandPearsonmethod,respectively.ForthestudyarealocatedincentralChina'sHunanProvince,therelationshipbetweenSDNandLEFwassubsequentlyanalyzed.Resultsoftheseanalysesshowed:

（1）TheneedsoftheecologicalenvironmentofsocialdevelopmentinHunanProvinceshowedanupwardstrend,increasing8.13%,andtheagricultureproductneedsandsociallifeneedsincreased8.13%and6.83%,respectively.Incontrast,theeconomicdevelopmentandculturalandeducationalneedswerereducedby13.02%and6.96%,respectively,from1990to2010.

（2）TheLEFoftheHunanProvincedecreased0.26%inthepast20years.Themainreasonforthedecreaseofecologicalfunctionswastheconversionoffarmlandandwoodlandsintoconstructionland.（3）ThechangeoftheLEFhasasignificantnegativecorrelationwithecologicalneedsandsociallifeneedsofSDN,whileasignificantpositivecorrelationwitheconomicneedswasshown.Whenthelandecologicalfunctiondecreased,therequirementsoftheecologicalenvironmentandsociallifehavegraduallyincreased;otherwise,thedemandforeconomicdevelopmentwillbedecreased.

Keywords:

Land;EcologicalFunctions;SocialDevelopmentNeeds

Introduction

Developmentofsocietyistypicallyaccompaniedbyaseriesofproblems,suchasunreasonableuseoflandresourcesandeco-environmentaldegradation,whicharecausedbyindustrialization,urbanization,rapidpopulationgrowth,etc.Inrecentyears,theseproblemshavegainedmoreattentionfromscholars.Forexample,intropicalregions,Shiferaw（2011）foundthateconomicdevelopmentandpopulationgrowthcontributedtotheconversionoflargeareasofgrasslandandwoodlandtofarmlandandpasture,whichraisedaseriesofsocialandecologicalproblems.InCentralEurope,manyscholarssuchasJuraj（2013）alsonoticedproblemswithlargeareasofdisusedvineyardlandandthechangingtheuseoflandcausedbythemarketingeconomy.InLaPlataBasinofSouthAmerica,Seung（2013）foundthattheamountofprecipitationplayedapositiveroleinallofthelandcover.Dong（2014）notedthat,inadditiontonaturalconditionsandpopulationconditions,thereareotherdrivingforcesthatcanalsocausechangesinlandcoverandlanduse.Forexample,miningorecanleadtoeconomicimprovement,urbansprawlandpopulationaggregation.Meanwhile,JianchaoXi（2014）,bystudyingfunctionalchangesinrurallandinGougezhuang,foundthatthemaincauseofchangesintheindustrialstructureoflandfunctionwasfromvillagelivingtoavarietyofneedstomeetthedemandsoftourists,whichledtotherapidexpansionofconstructionlandbothhorizontallyandverticallyoverthepast25years.

Itcanbeseenfromtheabovethatcurrentstudiesonlandresourcesreflectonlythedirectreasonsfortheseproblems.However,therelationshipbetweensocietydevelopmentdemandandlandecologicalproblemsneedsfurtherresearchanddiscussion.ThisstudyoftheHunanProvinceincentralChina,whichhasdevelopedrapidlyeconomicallyoverthepast20years,attributesecologicalproblemscausedbyirrationaluseoflandresourcestothedecreaseorlossofLEFfromtheperspectiveofecologicalservices.ThisstudyfocusesonthedemandsofthewholesocietyandchangesinLEFasaresearchobjecttoanalyzethespatial-temporalevolutionoflandfunctionsandSDNandtorevealtherelationshipbetweenhumansocietydevelopmentneedsandchangesinlandfunctions.

OverviewoftheStudyArea

LocatedinthecentralChinahinterlandandthemiddlereachesoftheYangtzeRiver,HunanProvinceisneighboredbyJiangxiintheeast,ChongqingandGuizhouinthewest,GuangdongandGuangxiinthesouth,andHubeiinthenorth.Itcoversalandareaof211,815squarekilometers.Ineastlongitude108°47'to114°15',HunanProvinceisthetransitionalzonefromtheYunnan-GuizhouPlateautotheJiangnanhillylandandfromtheNanlingMountainstotheJianghanPlain.Itissurroundedbymountainstotheeast,westandsouth,anditgraduallyslopesdowntothecentralnortheastregions.Itselevationofgenerallymorethan2000metersabovesealevelisidenticaltothedistributionofthefeaturesoftheterrain.

Hunan,enjoyingasubtropicalhumidmonsoonclimatewithobviousfeaturesofacontinentalclimate,isrichinsunlight,heatandwaterresources,thehighvaluesofwhicharenearlyinsync.Theweatherisvariableoverayear;itiscoldinwinterandhotinsummer.Thetemperatureisalsovariableinspringanddropssuddenlyinautumn.Itisrainyinspringandsummerwithdryseasonsinautumnandwinter.TheannualsunshinetimeinHunanis1300-1800hours.Itsannualaveragetemperatureisbetween15-18ºC.Inwinter,undertheinfluenceofthewintermonsoon,coldairdescendsintoHunanfromthemountainsinalldirectionsexceptthenorth.Therefore,theaveragetemperatureinJanuaryisbetween4-7ºC.Hunan’sfrost-freeperiodlastsaslongas260-310days,and280-300daysinmostregions.Theannualaveragerainfallisbetween1200-1700mm.Therefore,HunanenjoysamplerainfallandisoneofChineseprovinceswithlargevolumesofprecipitation.

Fig1.MapofChinawiththeresearcharea（HunanProvince）highlighted.

ResearchMethodsandSteps

ResearchMethods

Thefunctionheremeanssatisfyingademandfromanobject.Fromtheperspectiveoflandfunction,thereisadirectrelationshipbetweenfunctionandneeds,andthechangesinlandfunctionsareaffectedbyademand.Therefore,landfunctionchangesinanareaareaffectedbyitssocialdevelopmentdemands.AsonepartoftheChinesenationalsocio-economicplans,the“Five-YearPlan”aimstoplanforasignificantproportionofmajorconstructionprojects,distributionofproductivityandthenationaleconomyandtostipulategoalsanddirectionsforthevisionofnationaleconomicdevelopment.Therefore,thispaperregardsthebasictasksandtargetssetinthe“Five-YearPlan”asperiodicdemandsofChineseregionalsocialandeconomicdevelopment.

DataCollection

InChina,the“Five-YearPlan”reflectsthedemandsofsocialdevelopment.Thisstudy,onthebasisofthemaintasksanddevelopmentindicatorsoftheeighthtothetwelfth“Five-YearPlans”concerningHunanProvince,analyzesdifferentdemandsofHunansocialandeconomicdevelopmentindifferentstages.Thesocialdemanddatausedheretakethe“Five-YearPlan”asthebasisofquantitativesocialdemands.Thereareeight“Five-YearPlans”,includingtheeighthtotheeleventh,whichcamefromtheHunanDevelopmentandReformCommission.The“Five-YearPlan”isapartofChina’snationaleconomicplan,aimingtoplanforasignificantproportionofdistributionofproductivityandthenationaleconomyandtostipulategoalsanddirectionsforthevisionofthenationaleconomicdevelopment.

Thelandcoverdatainthisstudyfrom1990,1995,2000,2005and2010arefromthenationallandusedatabase,whichisintheCenterofResourceandEnvironmentdatabaseoftheChineseAcademyofSciences（CAS）.Thenationallandusedatabaseisadatasetcomprisingamulti-temporal1:

100,000scaleofthecurrentlandusestatusforallofChina.Thisdatabasewasestablishedthroughyearsofdataaccumulationunderthesupportofmanyimportantprojectsnationally,fundedbytheNationalScienceTechnologySupportPlanProjectsandtheInnovativeProgramoftheCAS（LiuJiyuan,2005,2003,2010）.Thisdataset,withLandsatTM/ETMremotesensingimagesastheprimarydatasource,isgeneratedbyartificialvisualinterpretation.Thelandusetypesincludesixfirst-leveltypes:

farmland,woodland,grassland,water,residentialareasandunusedland.Fieldinvestigationandvalidationshowthattheaccuracyofcomprehensiveevaluationofthefirst-levellanduseisabove94.3%.Thisstudy,fromthefiveperiodsoflandusedataset,investigatedthechanginglandcoverofHunanProvinceincentralChinafrom1990to2010.

ResearchSteps

Ourwork,whichutilizesbothcollectedlandcoverdataandquantificationofsocietydevelopmentdemandsandlandecologicalfunctionchangesintheHunanProvinceincentralChina,determinedthevariationinsocietydevelopmentdemandsandLEFduringeachperiodofthe“Five-YearPlan”from1990to2010.Wealsoanalyzedthevariationinthefourperiodsandshowedtherelationshipbetweensocietydevelopmentdemandsandlandecologicalfunctionchanges（Fig2）.

LUCC

Relationshipbetweenlandfunctionandsocialdevelopmentneeds

TheFive-YearPlan

Resultsoflandecologicalfunction

Quantitativeresultsofsocialneeds

Socialdevelopmentneedschanges

Landfunctionchanges

Landfunctionalvaluecalculation

Normalization

Landfunctions

Fig2StudySteps

SocietyDevelopmentNeeds

Withtherapiddevelopmentofsociety,theobjectivesofthe“Five-YearPlan”change;thesechangescanreflectvariationsinsocialdemands.Afuzzyalgorithmisusedtocalculatevariousindicatorsofsoc