英语语法详细讲解和练习.docx
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英语语法详细讲解和练习
语法详解和练习
一．名词
I.名词的种类：
专有名词
普通名词
国名地名人名，团体机构名称
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
抽象名词
物质名词
【随堂练习】
I游刃有余
People'sRepublicofChina,food,football,Jack,parent,reading,book,hotel,tennis,BeijingZoo,aunt,grass,Canada,,time,sheep,girl,boy,Japanese,French,France.
II.目光如炬
1.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.
A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.Stories
2.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.
A.orange,orangeB.oranges,oranges
C.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges
3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________tohishome.
A.25minutes’walkB.25minute’swalk
C.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk
4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou.
A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson
5.Helpyourselfto__________.
A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandapple
C.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples
6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________.
A.room’snumberB.rooms’numberC.roomnumbersD.rooms’numbers
7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_________.
A.familyB.houseC.homeD.Room
8.________motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.
A.MaryandPeter’sB.MaryandPeter
C.Mary’sandPeterD.Mary’sandPeter’s
9.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth.
A.heruncleB.heruncle’sC.herunclesD.aunt’s
10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn’t________inteaching.
A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperience
C.anexperienceD.alotexperience
II.名词的数：
一.规则名词的复数形式：
名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：
规则
例词
1
一般情况在词尾加-s
map-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days
2
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es
class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes
3
以-f或-fe结尾的词
变-f和-fe为v再加-es
leaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,
wife-wives,half-halves
加-s
chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs
4
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es
party-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities
5
以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s
toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys
6
以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词
一般加-es
Negro-Negroes,hero-heroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes
不少外来词加-s
piano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos
两者皆可
zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos
7
以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s
radio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos
8
以-th结尾的名词加-s
truth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,
【随堂练习】I.游刃有余
ship,hero,potatoes,tomato,kilo,zero,radio,mouth,month,proof,roof,knife,leaf,chief,half,party,city,wife,Sunday,Friday,ray,auto,Henry,land,field,earth,ground,concert,teacher
II目光如炬
1.Lastnight,therewasafoodaccident.The_______wereill,butno_______werelost.
A.child,livesB.children,lifeC.children,livesD.child,life
2.Tellmethe____,Iwanttoknowitaccurately.
A.truthsB.truthC.truthesD.truthees
3.---Canyougivemesome_____?
---Yes,Iadviseyoutogotothe_____.
A.advices,zoosB.advice,zooC.advices,zooD.advice,zoos
4.Therearemany_____inmyhometown,andtheyarethe____ofourvillage.
A.bamboo,hopeB.bambooes,hopesC.bamboos,hopeD.bamboo,hopes
5.Inthe____,thereisagood_____.A.shop,chefB.shops,chefsC.shop,chevesD.shop,chef
二.不规则名词复数：
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：
规则
例词
1
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice
2
单复数相同
sheep,deer,means,works,fish,yuan,jin,
3
只有复数形式
trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,
4
一些集体名词总是用作复数
people,police
5
部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）
class,family,crowd,couple,group,government,population,team,public,party
6
复数形式表示特别含义
customs（海关）,times（时代）,spirits（情绪）,drinks（饮料）,sands（沙滩）,papers（文件报纸）,looks（外表）,brains（头脑智力）,greens（青菜）
7
表示“某国人”
加-s
Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans
单复数同形
Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women
Englishmen,Frenchwomen
8
合成名词
将主体名词变为复数
sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数
grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches
将两部分变为复数
womensingers,menservants
【随堂练习】1.游刃有余
man,woman,mouse,tooth,foot,goose,ox,child,cod,deer,fish,trousers,clothes,sheep,jin,yuan,people,police,team,public,party,customs,times,spirits,sand,paper,green,Chinese,Japanese.American,son-in-law,looker-on,passer-by,story-tellers,grown-up,housewife,stopwatch,womansinger,manservant
2.目光如炬
1.Therearemany______and______intherestaurant.
A.womensinger,manservantsB.womensingers,menservants
C.womensingers,menservantsD.womensingers,menservant
2.Theyhavebeen_______andtheyhavetherightstogotothe______.
A.grown-up,netbarB.grown-ups,netsbarsC.grown-ups,netbarsD.grown-up,netsbar
3.The______arethosewhomarriedyourdaughter,while_____areonthecontrary.
A.son-in-laws,daughter-in-lawsB.sons-in-law,daughters-i
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