施心远主编《听力教程》3第2版Unit7答案.docx
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施心远主编《听力教程》3第2版Unit7答案
UNIT7
SectiononeTacticsforListening
Part1SpotDictation
MeetYourChiropractor
Thedoctorofchiropractic(D.C.)isa
(1)well-recognizedmemberofthehealthteamwho
(2)considersthehumanbodyasatotalfunctioning(3)unitandgivesspecialattentiontothespine,(4)muscles,nerves,circulatoryandskeletal(5)systems.Thechiropractorseeksto(6)relievepain.
Theproceduresutilizedareprimarilyfocusedonthe(7)spine.Thechiropractorisconcernedaboutthespine'srelationshiptothe(8)nervesystem,whichcontrolsimportantbodyfunctions.Thechiropractorknowsthatamalfunctioning*spinaljointcannotonlycause(9)backpainorheadaches;itcanalso(10)interferewiththenervesleadingfromthespine,thereby(11)affectingotherportionsofthebody.
MillionsofAmericansarechiropracticpatientsforawidevarietyof(12)healthdisorders.Theydependontheirchiropractorastheir(13)familydoctortohelpthemmaintaintheirhealththroughproper(14)diagnosis,treatment,andreferralwhen(15)necessary.
Aminimumofsixyearsofcollegestudyincludinginternships(16)goesintothemakingofachiropracticphysician.Manydoctorsofchiropracticchooseto(17)limittheirpracticestocertainspecialties,suchas(18)sportsinjuries,nutrition,orthopedicsorradiology.
Asa(19)licensedandregulatedmemberofthehealingarts,thedoctorofchiropracticmustpassastate(20)licensingboardexaminationinordertopractice.
Part2listeningforGist
Likethe"IronAge"volunteers,Paulhasalsochosentocuthimselfofffrommanyaspectsofmodemlife,not,however,asanexperimentbutbecausehefeelsitisamoresatisfactorywaytolive.HeistalkingabouthissmallcottageintheWelshmountains:
"Andthatbringsmetosaywhatisprimitiveaboutit,namely,itisanythingthathastobedone,andthereareobviouslycertainbasicneedsoflife,is'DIY'astheysay:
Doityourself.Thereisnolabortobehadnowadaysinsucharemotepart.Er,therearenoneighborsformostoftheyearandsoyouareonyourownentirely.Theplaceitselfisextremelyprimitive.Er,Imentionedthewater.Imentionedthatwenowhavegotelectricity.Er,thebuildingitself-it'simportanttokeepitcleanandit'sstupidtotry.Wetrytokeepittidy,andreasonablyclean.Itisverydifficulttokeepitwarm,warmenoughparticularlyinwinterandthatwedobyanoldkitchenrangewithcoalandwood."
Exercise
Directions:
Listentothepassageandfinditstopicsentence.
Thetopicsentenceis"Theplaceitselfisextremelyprimitive."
SectionTwoListeningComprehension
Part1Dialogue
AHealthyLife
DrMartinAnswaywritesacolumninapopularwomen'smagazineonhealthproblems.Heisalsoanexpertonheartdisease.
Q:
Isthereasecrettogoodhealth?
Imean,istheresomewaywecanachieveitwhichisnotgenerallyknown?
A:
Itcertainlyisn'tasecret.However,thereisagreatdealofignorance,evenamongsupposedlyeducatedpeople,abouthowtobereasonablyhealthy.
Q:
Well,whatadvicedoyougive,then?
A:
Vh...tobeginwith,takediet.IbelievethatoneofthegreatestdangerstohealthinBritainandothercountries...particularlydevelopedcountries...isthekindoffoodwetendtoprefer.
Q:
Suchas?
A:
Suchasthatgreatnationalinstitution,theBritishbreakfast,forexample,hamandeggs.Orthekindoflunchsomanypeopleinthiscountryhave:
sausageandchips!
Oralltheconveniencefoodslikehamburgers.Oreventhingsweregardas"healthy",suchasfull-fatmilk.OrCheddarcheese.Thelistisendless.
Q:
What'swrongwiththosethings?
A:
Theexcessiveconsumptionofsuchthingsleadstotheoverproductionofcholesterol,whichinturnresultsinheartattack...
Q:
Excuseme,butwhatexactlyischolesterol?
A:
It'sa...wax-likesubstance...yellowish...andit'sproducednaturallyinourlivers.Weallneedsomecholesterolforsurvival.
Q:
Well,ifweneedit,inwhatwayisitbadforus?
A:
Toomuchofitisbadforus.Itbuildsupinourarteries,causingthemtogetnarrower,sothatourbloodsupplyhasdifficultyingettingthrough...andthis,ofcourse,caneventuallyendinaheartattackorstroke.ThepointI'mtryingtomakehereisthat,eventhoughweallneedsomecholesterolinordertoinsulateournerves,andtoproducecellmembranesandhormones,thethingsmanyofuseatandevenconsiderhealthyleadtotheoverproductionofcholesterol.Andthisisverydangerous.
Q:
Howcanweavoidthisoverproductionofcholesterol?
A:
Bycuttingdownourconsumptionofanimalfats:
thingslikeredmeat,cheese,eggs,andsoon.Andbyincreasingourconsumptionoffreshfruitandvegetables,andalsobyeatingmorepotatoes,rice,pastaandbread.
Q:
Pasta?
Potatoes?
But...aren'tsuchthingsfattening?
A:
Nonsense.Itisn'tpasta,potatoesorbreadthatmakesusfat.It'swhatweputonsuchthings!
Cheese,Butter,Meat!
Q:
Soanythingwelike,anythingthat'sdelicious,isbadforus.Isn'tthatwhatyou'resaying?
A:
Rubbish!
I'msimplysayingweeattoomuchofthesethings.Andtherearemanywaysofpreparingdeliciousfoodwithoutusingsuchlargequantitiesofanimalfats.
Q:
Lastofall,whataboutexercise?
Yourecentlywarnedagainstcertainformsofexercise,whichyousaidcouldbedangerous.
A:
WhatIsaidwasthatifpeoplearen'tusedtogettingregularandvigorousexercise,theyshouldbeginslowly,andnottrytodotoomuchatthebeginning!
Ialsosaidthatcertaingames,suchassquash,canbedangerous,particularlyifyouaren'tusedtoplayingthem.Anumberofinjuriesareduetosudden,twistingmovementsthatgameslikesquashinvolve.
Q:
Whatkindsofexercisedoyourecommend,then?
A:
Gentlejogging,swimming,cycling,briskwalking...exercisethatisrhythmicandgentle,andaboveall,sustained.Thatis,doneforatleastfifteenminutesuninterruptedlyatleastthreetimesaweek.Weallneedsuchexercise,andthefactisthatfartoofewofusgetenoughofit,particularlyifweliveinlargecitiesandregularlyusecars.
Exercise
Directions:
Listentothedialogueandcompletethefollowinggrids.
A.Cholesterol
Definition
Ayellowish,wax-likesubstance,whichisproducednaturallyinourlivers.
Function
Weallneedsomecholesterolinordertoinsulateournerves,andtoproducecellmembranesandhormones.
Overproduction
Whencholesterolbuildsupinourarteries,itcausesthemtogetnarrower,sothatourbloodsupplyhasdifficultyingettingthroughandthiscaneventuallyendinaheartattackorstroke.
Howtoavoidthisoverproduction
Bycuttingdownourconsumptionofanimalfats:
thingslikeredmeat,cheese,eggs,andsoon.Andbyincreasingourconsumptionoffreshfruitandvegetables,andalsobyeatingmorepotatoes,rice,pastaandbread.
B.Exercise
Formsofexercisewarnedagainst
Anumberofinjuriesareduetosudden,twistingmovementsthatgameslikesquashinvolve.
Formsofexerciserecommended
Gentlejogging,swimming,cycling,briskwalking...exercisethatisrhythmicandgentle.
Thingstoberemembered
Exerciseshouldbesustained,thatis,doneforatleastfifteenminutesuninterruptedlyatleastthreetimesaweek.
Part2Passage
AgingofAmerica
1)Theimpendingcollisionbetweentheboomersandthenation'sretirementsystemisnaturallycatchingtheeyeofpolicymakersandtheboomersthemselves.
2)RetirementincomesecurityintheUnitedStateshastraditionallybeenbasedontheso-calledthree-leggedstool:
SocialSecurity,privatepensions,andotherpersonalsaving.
3)Retirementplanningtakestime,andtheseissuesneedtobeaddressedsoonerratherthanlater.
4)Onefoundthatin1991themedianhouseholdheadedbya65-69-year-oldhadfinancialassetsofonly$14,000,butexpandingthemeasuretoincludeSocialSecurity,pensions,housing,andotherwealthboostsmedianwealthtoabout$270,000.
5)OnlyoneortwogenerationsofAmericanshavehadlengthyretirements,andthecrucialretirementissueskeepchangingrapidly,makinglong-termpredictionsevenharder.
TheBabyBoom*generation-theroughly76millionpeoplebornbetween1946and1964hasbeenreshapingAmericansocietyforfivedecades.Fromjammingthenation'sschoolsinthe1950sand1960s,tocrowdinglabormarketsandhousingmarketsinthe1970sand1980s,toaffectingconsumptionpatternsalmostcontinuously,boomershavealteredeconomicpatternsandinstitutionsateachstageoftheirlives.Nowthattheleadingedgeofthegenerationhasturned50,theimpendingcollisionbetweentheboomersandthenation'sretirementsystemisnaturallycatchingtheeyeofpolicymakersandtheboomersthemselves.
Retirementincomesecurity(退休收入保障)intheUnitedStateshastraditionallybeenbasedontheso-calledthree-leggedstool:
SocialSecurity,privatepensions,andotherpersonalsaving.SinceWorldWarIIthesystemhasservedtheelderlywell:
Thepovertyrateamongelderlyhouseholdsfellfrom35percentin1959to11percentin1995.
Arethebabyboomersmakingadequatepreparations(做好充分准备)forretirement?
Inpart,theanswerdependsonwhatismeantby"adequate".Onedefinitionistohaveenoughresourcestomaintainpre-retirementlivingstandardsinretirement.Aruleofthumb*(概测法)oftenusedbyfinancialplanners(财政计划师,财政预算员)isthatretireesshouldbeabletomeetthisgoalbyreplacing60-80percentofpre-retirementincome.Retiredhouseholdscanmaintaintheirpre-retirementstandardoflivingwithlessincomebecausetheyhavemoreleisuretime,fewerhouseholdmembers,andlowerexpenses.Taxesarelowerbecauseretireesescapepayrolltaxes(工资税)andtheincometax(所得税)isprogressive.An