完整版考研英语一真题.docx

完整版考研英语一真题.docx

《完整版考研英语一真题.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《完整版考研英语一真题.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

完整版考研英语一真题

2019年英语

（一）考研真题

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationapps

areavailableonoursmartphones.1ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.

Butphones2onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize.3yougetlostwithouta

phoneoracompass,andyou4can’tfindnorth,icksafewtohelptryounavigate5to

civilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland...

Whenyoufindyourselfwell6atrail,butnotinacompletely7area,youhavetoanswer

twoquestions:

Which8isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?

Andwhereisthenearestwater

source?

Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater.9,ifyou

headdownhill,andfollowanyH2Oyoufind,youshould10seesignsofpeople.

Ifyou’veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsightsyoumaybe11

howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.

Another12:

Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.13,evenindense

—

forest,youshouldbeableto14gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andotherpathspeoplecarve15thewoods.Headtowardthese16tofindawayout.Atnight,scanthehorizonfor17lightsources,suchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution.

18,assumingyou’relostinanareahumansotendfrequent,lookforthe19weleaveonthelandscape.Trailblazes,tiretracks,andotherfeaturescan20youtocivilization.

1.[A]Some[B]Most[C]Few[D]All

2.[A]put[B]take[C]run[D]come

3.[A]Since[B]If[C]Though[D]Until

4.[A]formally[B]relatively[C]gradually[D]literally

5.[A]back[B]next[C]around[D]away

6.[A]onto[B]off[C]across[D]alone

7.[A]unattractive[B]uncrowded[C]unchanged[D]unfamiliar

8.[A]site[B]point[C]way[D]place

9.[A]So[B]Yet[C]Instead[D]Besides

10.[A]immediately[B]intentionally[C]unexpectedly[D]eventually

11.[A]surprised[B]annoyed[C]frightened[D]confused

12.[A]problem[B]option[C]view[D]result

13.[A]Aboveall[B]Incontrast[C]Onaverage[D]Forexample

14.[A]bridge[B]avoid[C]spot[D]separate

15.[A]from[B]through[C]beyond[D]under

16.[A]posts[B]links[C]shades[D]breaks

17.[A]artificial[B]mysterious[C]hidden[D]limited

18.[A]Finally[B]Consequently[C]incidentally[D]Generally

19.[A]memories[B]marks[C]notes[D]belongings

20.[A]restrict[B]adopt[C]lead[D]expose

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

FinancialregulationsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsif

theirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution.Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:

morelongtermdecision-making

notonlybybanksbutalsobuallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

“Short-ermism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytraded

companies,saystheBankofEngland’stopeconomist.AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagiantof

classicaleconomies,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike

“Childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanpthemasidetobeeatenlast.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henotes,has

droppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,who

demandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm’seffortstoinvestin

long-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed“quarterly

capitalism”.

Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,

quickeruseofinformation,andthusshortensattentionspansinfinancialmarkers.

seemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflongterm-investing,”

saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionin

speechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyActof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce

“short-ermism.”InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfindsthat

substantialpart”ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage-termism,“long”suchaschangesinthetaxcode

andquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimesearnmorevotingrightsinacompany.

Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutives

tothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders.Britain

newruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformance,notjustfor

theshorttermbutforthelongterm.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleisthe_________.A.enhancebanker’ssenseofresponsibility

B.helpcorporationsachievelargerprofitsC.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation

D.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives

22.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate_________.A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits

B.governments’impatienceindecision-making

C.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompaniesD.“short-termism”ineconomicsactiviies

23.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbe__________.

A.indirectB.adverseC.minimalD.temporary

24.TheUSandFranceexamplesareusedtoillustrate____________.

A.theobstaclestopreventing-termism“short”.

B.thesignificanceoflong-termthinking.

C.theapproachestopromoting-termism“long”.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism

B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue

C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutivesD.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers

Text2

Gradeinflation--thegradualincreaseinaverageGPAs（grade-pointaverages）overthe

pastfewdecades—isoftenconsideredaproductofaconsumererainhighereducation,inwhichstudentsaretreatedlikecustomerstobepleased.Butanother,relatedforce—apolicy

oftenburieddeepincoursecatalogscalled“gradeisforgivenesshelpingraiseGPAs”—.

Gradeforgivenessallowsstudentstoretakeacourseinwhichtheyreceivedalowgrade,andthemostrecentgradeorthehighestgradeistheonlyonethatcountsincalculatinga

student

’soverallGPA.

Theuseofthislittle-knownpracticehasacceleratedinrecentyears,ascollegescontinue

todotheirutmosttokeepstudentsinschool（andpayingtuition）andimprovetheirgraduation

rates.Whenthispracticefirststarteddecadesago,itwasusuallylimitedtofreshmen,togive

themasecondchancetotakeaclassintheirfirstyeariftheystruggledintheirtransitionto

college-levelcourses.Butnowmostcollegessaveformanyselectivecampuses,allowall

undergraduates,andevengraduatestudents,togettheirlowgradesforgiven.

Collegeofficialstendtoemphasizethatthegoalofgradeforgivenessislessaboutthe

gradeitselfandmoreaboutencouragingstudentstoretakecoursescriticaltotheirdegree

programandgraduationwithoutincurringabigpenalty.

“Untimely,”saidJackMiner,

StateUniversity

’sregistrar,

“weseehievestudentsmoresuccessacbecausetheyretakea

courseanddobetterinsubsequentcontentsormasterthecontentthatallowsthemtograduate

ontime.

”

Thatsaid,thereisawayinwhichgradeforgivenesssatisfiescolleges

’ownne

Forpublicinstitutions,statefundsaresometimestiedpartlytotheirsuccessonmetricssuch

asgraduationratesandstudentretention—sobettergradescan,byboostingfigureslikethose,

meanmoremoney.AndanythingthatraisesGPAswilllikelymakestudents—who,attheend

oftheday,arepayingthebill—feelthey’vegottenabettervaluefortheirtuitiondollars,

whichisanotherbigconcernforcolleges.

Indeed,gradeforgivenessisjustanotherwaythatuniversitiesarerespondingto

consumers’expectationsforghiereducation.Sincestudentsandparentsexpectacollege

degreetoleadajob,itisinthebestinterestofaschooltoturnoutgraduateswhoareas

qualifiedaspossible—oratleastappeartobe.Onthis,students

’andcolleges

’incent

tobealigned.

26.Whatiscommonlyregardedasthecauseofgradeinflation?

A.Thechangeofcoursecatalogs.

B.Students’indifferencetoGPAS.C.Colleges’neglectofGPAS.

D.Theinfluenceofconsumerculture.

27.Whatwastheoriginalpurposeofgradeforgiveness?

A.Tohelpfreshmenadapttocollegelearning.

B.Tomaintaincolleges’graduationrates.

C.Topreparegraduatesforachallengingfuture.

D.Toincreaseuniversities’incomefromtuition.

28.AccordingtoParagraph5,gradeforgivenessenablecollegesto_________.A.obtainmorefinancialsupport

B.boosttheirstudentenrollments

D.meetlocalgovernments’needs

29.Whatdoesthephrase“tobealigned”（Line5,Para.6）mostprobablymean?

30.Theauthorexaminesthepracticeofgradeforgivenessby________.A.assessingitsfeasibility

B.analyzingthecausesbehinditC.comparingdifferentviewsonitD.listingitslong-runeffec