完整版考研英语一真题.docx

1、完整版考研英语一真题2019 年英语（一）考研真题Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation appsare available on our smart phones

2、. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone.But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without aphone or a compass, and you 4 can t find north,icksa fewtohelptr you navigate 5 tocivilization, one of which is to follow the land.When you fin

3、d yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answertwo questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest watersource? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if youhead downhill, and follow any H2O you find,

4、 you should 10 see signs of people.If you ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sightsyou may be 11how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 , even in denseforest, you should be

5、able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18 , assuming you re lost in a

6、n area humanso tendfrequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization.1.ASome BMost CFew DAll2.AputBtakeCrun Dcome3.ASince B If C Though DUntil4.Aformally B relatively C gradually D literally5.A back B next C around D away6.A

7、onto BoffCacross Dalone7.AunattractiveB uncrowded Cunchanged Dunfamiliar8.A siteBpoint Cway Dplace9.A So B Yet CInstead DBesides10.Aimmediately B intentionally Cunexpectedly D eventually11.Asurprised Bannoyed Cfrightened Dconfused12.A problem Boption Cview Dresult13.A Above all BIn contrast C On ave

8、rage D For example14.Abridge Bavoid Cspot Dseparate15.A from B through Cbeyond D under16.A posts Blinks Cshades Dbreaks17.A artificial B mysterious C hidden D limited18.A Finally B Consequently C incidentally D Generally19.A memories B marks C notes D belongings20.A restrict B adopt C lead D exposeR

9、ead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives co

10、uld be delayed 10 years iftheir banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “ clawback ” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term deci

11、sion-makingnot only by banks but also bu all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.“ Short-ermism ” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly tradedcompanies, says the Bank of England s top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant ofclassical economies,

12、 Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like“ Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once ” rather than p them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, hasdropped from seven years

13、 to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, whodemand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm s efforts to invest inlong-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This hasbeen dubbed “ quarterlycapitalism ”.In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more ra

14、pid trading of equities,quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial markers.seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of longterm- investing, ”said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission inspeech this week.In t

15、he US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce“ short-ermism. ” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds thatsubstantial part” of executive pay is now tied to per

16、formance.Much more could be done to encourage -termism,“long ” such as changes in the tax codeand quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.Within companies, the right

17、 compensation design can provide incentives for executivesto think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britainnew rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just forthe short term but for the long term.21.According to Para

18、graph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the_. A. enhance banker s sense of responsibilityB. help corporations achieve larger profits C. build a new system of financial regulationD. guarantee the bonuses of top executives22.Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate_. A. the conditions for generat

19、ing quick profitsB. governments impatience in decision-makingC. the solid structure of publicly traded companies D. “ short-termism ” in economics activi ies23.It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be_.A. indirect B. adverse C. minimal D. temporary24.The US

20、and France examples are used to illustrate_.A. the obstacles to preventing -termism“short”.B. the significance of long-term thinking.C. the approaches to promoting -termism“long”.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Failure of Quarterly CapitalismB. Patience as a Corpor

21、ate VirtueC. Decisiveness Required of Top Executives D. Frustration of Risk-taking BankersText 2Grade inflation-the gradual increase in average GPAs(grade-point averages) over thepast few decadesis often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like c

22、ustomers to be pleased. But another, related forcea policyoften buried deep in course catalogs called “ gradeisforgivenesshelpingraise GPAs”.Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that co

23、unts in calculating astudent s overall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continueto do their utmost to keep students in school (and paying tuition) and improve their graduationrates. When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually lim

24、ited to freshmen, to givethem a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition tocollege-level courses. But now most colleges save for many selective campuses, allow allundergraduates, and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven.College offic

25、ials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about thegrade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degreeprogram and graduation without incurring a big penalty.“ Untimely, ” said Jack Miner,State University s registrar,“ we seehievestudent

26、smore successac because they retake acourse and do better in subsequent contents or master the content that allows them to graduateon time.”That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges own neFor public institutions, state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on

27、 metrics suchas graduation rates and student retention so better grades can, by boosting figures like those,mean more money. And anything that raises GPAs will likely make studentswho, at the endof the day, are paying the bill feel they ve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars,which is ano

28、ther big concern for colleges.Indeed, grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding toconsumers expectations forghier education. Since students and parents expect a collegedegree to lead a job, it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are asqualified

29、as possible or at least appear to be. On this, students and colleges incentto be aligned.26.What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation? A. The change of course catalogs.B. Students indifference to GPAS. C. Colleges neglect of GPAS.D. The influence of consumer culture.27. What was the

30、original purpose of grade forgiveness?A. To help freshmen adapt to college learning.B. To maintain colleges graduation rates.C. To prepare graduates for a challenging future.D. To increase universities income from tuition.28.According to Paragraph 5,grade forgiveness enable colleges to_. A. obtain m

31、ore financial supportB. boost their student enrollmentsD. meet local governments needs29. What does the phrase “ to be aligned ” (Line 5, Para.6) most probably mean?30.The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness by_. A. assessing its feasibilityB. analyzing the causes behind it C. comparing different views on it D. listing its long-run effec