职称英语综合类教材A级新增文章.docx
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职称英语综合类教材A级新增文章
2014年职称英语综合类教材新增
往年新增的完型填空就是必考题。
去年理工类的把阅读理解从新增换成了旧文章。
今年所以的教材的完型填空都没有新增,也就是说这道题会从旧文章里出,范围扩大了。
这是今年综合类的变动:
2014年职称英语教材(综合类)变动情况如下:
词汇:
无变化
阅读判断:
B和A各增加一篇,同时也是理工和卫生阅读判断的新怎。
概括大意与完成句子:
B级和A级都有一篇变动,B级的是把去年A级的调用了,A级的是把去年卫生A级的一篇调用了。
阅读理解:
B级和A级各增加一篇,B级的新增文章也是理工B级的新增文章。
补全短文:
C级和A级各增加一篇,终于没被理工和卫生共用了。
完形填空:
无变动。
2014年职称英语教材(综合类)变动归纳:
1. 2014年职称英语教材(综合类)阅读理解只有B级和A级各增加一篇。
这两年考过的文章也没有更换。
意味着,2014年职称英语考试,更倾向于从旧文章中出题,考过的文章,重要程度下降。
2. 2014年职称英语教材(综合类)完形填空没有新增,这两年考过的文章也没有更换。
意味着,2014年职称英语考试完形填空的范围缩小,对考试来说是个好消息。
第二部分 阅读判断
第十一篇StageFright1(A级)
Falldownasyoucomeonstage.That’sanoldtrick.Notrecommended.ButitsavedthepianistVladimirFeltsmanwhenhewasateenagerbackinMoscow.TheveterancellistMstislavRostropovichtrippedhimpurposelytocurehimofpre-performancepanic,2Mr.Feltsmansaid,”Allmyfrightwasgone.Ialreadyfell.Whatelsecouldhappen?
”
Today,musicschoolsareaddressingtheproblemofanxietyinclassesthatdealwithperformancetechniquesandcareerpreparation.Thereareavarietyofstrategiesthatmusicianscanlearntofightstagefrightanditssymptoms:
icyfingers,shakylimbs,racingheart,blankmind.3
Teachersandpsychologistsofferwide-rangingadvice,frombasicslikelearningpiecesinsideout,4tomentaldiscipline,suchasvisualizingaperformanceandtakingstepstorelax.Don‘tdenythatyou’rejittery,theyurge;someexcitementisnatural,evennecessaryfordynamicplaying.Andplayinpublicoften,simplyfortheexperience.
PsychotherapistDianeNicholssuggestssomestrategiesforthemomentsbeforeperformance,“Taketwodeepabdominalbreaths,openupyourshoulders,thensmile,‘’shesays.”Andnotoneofthese‘pleasedon’tkillme‘smiles.Thenchoosethreefriendlyfacesintheaudience,peopleyouwouldcommunicatewithandmakemusicto,andmakeeyecontactwiththem.“Shedoesn’twantperformerstothinkoftheaudienceasajudge.
Extremedemandsbymentorsorparentsareoftenattherootofstagefright,saysDorothyDelay,awell-knownviolinteacher.Shetellsotherteacherstodemandonlywhattheirstudentsareabletoachieve.
WhenLynnHarrellwas20,hebecametheprincipalcellistoftheCleverlandOrchestra,andhesufferedextremestagefright.“ThereweretimeswhenIgotsonervousIwassuretheaudiencecouldseemychestrespondingtothethrobbing.Itwasjusttotalpanic.IcametoapointwhereIthought,‘IfIhavetogothroughthistoplaymusic,IthinkI’mgoingtolookforanotherjob.”5Recovery,hesaid,involveddevelopinghumility-recognizingthatwhateverhistalent,hewasfallible,andthatanimperfectconcertwasnotadisaster.6
Itisnotonlyyoungartistswhosuffer,ofcourse.ThelegendarypianistVladimirHorowitz‘snerveswerefamous.ThegreattenorFrancoCorelliisanotherexample.“Theyhadtopushhimonstage,”SopranoRenataScottorecalled.
Actually,successcanmakethingsworse.“Inthebeginningofyourcareer,whenyou‘rescaredtodeath,nobodyknowswhoyouare,andtheydon’thaveanyexpectations,”SopranoJuneAndersonsaid.“There‘slesstolose.Lateron,whenyou’reknown,peoplearecomingtoseeyou,andtheyhavecertainexpectations.Youhavealottolose.”
Andersonadded,“IneverstopbeingnervousuntilI‘vesungmylastnote.”
词汇:
veteranadj.经验丰富的
jitteryadj.紧张不安的
mentorn.指导者
sopranon.女高音;女高音歌手
cellistn.大提琴演奏家
abdominaladj.腹部的
fallibleadj.易犯错误的
tenorn.男高音
注释:
1.StageFright:
舞台恐惧
2.TheveterancellistMstislavRostropovichtrippedhimpurposelytocurehimofpre-performancepanic…资深大提琴家米提斯拉夫罗斯特罗波维奇故意把他绊倒,因而治愈了他的上台前的恐惧症……curesomebodyofillness(problem):
医治好病(解决问题)
3.…itssymptoms:
icyfingers,shakylimbs,racingheart,blankmind…:
……舞台恐惧的症状有:
手指冰凉、四肢颤抖、心跳加快和大脑一片空白……
4.Teachersandpsychologistsofferwide-rangingadvice,frombasicslikelearningpiecesinsideout…:
老师和心理学家给出了方方面面的建议,从基础的做法,比如详细地学习曲目……insideout:
ingreatdetail详细地,从里到外地
5.IcametoapointwhereIthought,‘IfIhavetogothroughthistoplaymusic,IthinkI’mgoingtolookforanotherjob‘。
:
我曾经一度认为,如果演奏音乐就必须过怯场这一关的话,那我可能得换其他工作了。
6.Recovery,hesaid,involveddevelopinghumility-recognizingthatwhateverhistalent,hewasfallible,andthatanimperfectconcertwasnotadisaster.:
他后来说,要克服恐惧重要的是学会谦逊,即认识到不论自己多有才,总有可能会失误,一个有瑕疵的音乐会绝对不是世界末日。
练习:
1.FallingdownonstagewasnotagoodwayforVladimirFeltsmantodealwithhisstagefright.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
2.Therearemanysignsofstagefright.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
3.Teachersandpsychologistscannothelppeoplewithextreme-stagefright.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
4.Toperformwellonstage,youneedtohavesomefeelingsofexcitement.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
5.Ifyouhavestagefright,it'shelpfultohavefriendlyaudience.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
6.Oftenpeoplehavestagefrightbecauseparentsorteachersexpecttoomuchofthem.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
7.Famousmusiciansneversufferfromstagefright.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
答案与题解:
1.B本文第一段讲的是钢琴家弗拉基米尔菲兹曼被米提斯拉夫罗斯特罗波维奇绊倒后,他的舞台恐惧被治愈的经历。
2.A第二段的最后一句点出舞台恐惧的诸多症状为:
手指冰凉、四肢颤抖、心跳加快和大脑一片空白。
3.B本文的第三、第四、第五和第六段都在讲老师和心理学家为舞台恐惧者提供全方位的建议。
4.A依据第三段的倒数第二句:
someexcitementisnatural,evennecessaryfordynamicplaying.适度的兴奋对于精彩演出是正常甚至是必要的。
5.C第四段提到克服舞台恐惧的方法之一是:
在观众中选择三位友好的面孔,与他们做眼光交流。
而克服舞台恐惧是否需要观众友好文中未提。
6.A第五段讲了舞台恐惧的根源在于指导者或父母对表演者要求太高。
extremedemands就是expecttoomuchofthem的意思。
7.B第七段讲的是:
不只是年轻艺术家有舞台恐惧,钢琴家弗拉基米尔霍洛维茨和男高音弗朗科科莱里亦不能幸免。
never一词不恰当。
第三部分 概括大意与完成句子
第十三篇Wardoff1TravelBugs(A级)
1Astheholidayseasonapproaches,sodoestheprospectofjetlag,anupsetstomachorsunburn2.Withcareandsomehelpfromnaturalsources,however,itisquitepossibletoavoidtheseproblems.
2Youcanstarttoprepareacoupleofweeksbeforeyouleave.Foodpoisoningwillmakeanyholidaymiserable,butbytakingsomemedicinesuchaslactobacillusandbifidobacteria3,youcanreducethelikelihoodofsuccumbingto4poisoningbroughton5byfoodorwatertaintedwithunfamiliarbacteria.
3Byimprovingthebacteriabalanceinyourdigestivetract,youcrowdoutthepathogenicbacteriaandstopthemgainingafoothold.6Thebeneficialbacteriaalsoproducegentlebuteffectivenaturalantibioticsinyourgut.
4Inmanyholidaylocationsyouneedtorememberthebasics:
drinkbottledwater,avoidundercookedmeatandensurethatfoodhygieneisadequate.Ifyoudosuccumbtofoodpoisoning,drinkplentyofwatertostayhydratedandseeadoctor.However,ifyoudetectdiarrheaearlyenough,youmightliketotrytakingabout10or15pancreaticdigestiveenzymes,whichcandigestthemultiplyingbacteriabeforetheytakeover.
5Takingateaspoonofsilicolgel7canalsohelp.Thislinesthestomachandupperintestinalareaandbindswithbacteriaandviruses,allowingthemtobesafelypassedoutofthegut.Whenyoupack,includegrapefruit-seedextract8,whichisanexcellentall-roundanti-bacterial,anti-parasitic,anti-viralandanti-fungalagent.
6Yourflightcanalsobemademorepleasant.Peppermintoilandgingercapsules9wardoffmotionsickness,butamoredeliciousoptionistonibbleoncrystallizedginger.Ifyoutendtogetearacheontake-offandlanding,youcanusespecialearplugswithfillerthatslowsdowntherateofchangeinairpressure.
7Thegreatestconcernis“economyclasssyndrome”,thepopularnamefordeep-veinthrombosis,whichcanleadtobloodclotstravelingfromthelegstothelungs,heartorbrain.Toreducethis,youneedacoupleofhourstostayhydrated,andavoidalcohol.
8YoucanalsoreducetheseverityofinflammationbytakingadailygramofvitaminCwiththebioflavonoidquercetin10.VitaminCandquercetinalsohelptoreducepricklyheat.
9Finally,ifanyadversesymptomspersistwhileoverseas,youshouldseeadoctor.
词汇:
bug/n.臭虫;病菌;病毒
diarrhea/n.腹泻
taint/v.感染;污染
pancreatic/adj.胰腺的
antibiotic/n.抗生素
option/n.选择
jetlag(跨时区高速飞行后)生理节奏的破坏,飞行时差反应
anti-parasiticadj.抗寄生虫的
anti-fungal/adj.抗真菌的,杀真菌的
nibble/vt.一点点地咬下
pathogenic/adj.病原的;致病的;发病
thrombosis/n.血栓
anti-viral/adj.抗病毒的
hydrate/v.保持水分
注释:
1.wardoff:
避开;防止
2.Astheholidayseasonapproaches,sodoestheprospectofjetlag,anupsetstomachorsunburn.:
随着假日的临近,由于高空飞行时差引起的生理不适、胃痛或日光灼烧等潜在问题也接踵而至。
第二个分句是由so引导的倒装句。
例如:
“Heisadoctor.”“SoamI.”
3.lactobacillusandbifidobacteria:
乳(酸)杆菌和双歧杆菌
4.succumbto:
屈服,屈从
5.bringon:
引起,导致
6.Byimprovingthebacteriabalanceinyourdigestivetract,youcrowdoutthepathogenicbacteriaandstopthemgainingafoothold.:
通过改善消化道内的细菌平衡,你就可以排出致病细菌,使它们没有立足之地。
crowdout:
驱赶出。
7.silicolgel:
偏磷酸酪蛋白氧化硅胶
8.grapefruit-seedextract:
葡萄軒榨汁
9.peppermintoilandgingercapsules:
薄荷油和生姜胶囊。
medicine—般指内服药(包括液体药剂,例如可以说adropofmedicine),pill指小的丸粒,tablet指药片,但有时medicine可代表药品的总称。
10.bioflavonoidquercetin:
生物类黄酮槲皮素
A BasicsofWhattoEatandDrink
B MedicineAgainstBacteriaandViruses
C AvoidingHolidayTroubles
D BasicsofHavingaPleasantFlight
E ATeaspoonfulofHelpfulSilicol
F PreparationsAgainstFoodPoisoning
练习:
1.Paragraph1________.
2.Paragraph4________.
3.Paragraph5________.
4.Paragraph6________.
5.Food-poisoningmayposeaproblem________.
6.Specialearplugscanmakeyoufeelbetter________.
7.Itisimportanttodrinkalotofwater________.
8.Don’tforgettobringnecessarymedicine________.
答案与题解:
1.C 实际上,这段也点明了全文的中心思想。
2.A 本段说明旅行时在吃与喝方面应注意的基本卫生问题。
3.B 注意E没有概括本段的中心意思。
4.D 本段开始介绍坐飞机旅行时的注意事项。
5.D 第二、第三、第四、第五段都谈到了注意旅行中的饮食卫生。
6.A 答案的根据为文章第六段的第三句。
7.C 第四段提到当食物中毒时要多喝水,以免脱水。
8.E 答案的根据在第五段。
第四部分 阅读理解
第三十六篇LifeasaMovieExtra(A级)
Ordinarypeoplehavealwaysbeenattractedtotheworldofmoviesandmoviestars.Onewaytogetclosertothisworldistobecomeamovieextra.Althoughyouhaveseenmovieextras,youmaynothavepaidattentiontothem.Extrasarethepeopleseatedat