初中英语名词.docx

初中英语名词.docx

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初中英语名词

1.名词的分类

类别

意义

例词

专有名词

表示人，地方，事物，机构，组织等名称的词

Lucy，China，theGreatWall，theGreatHallofthePeople

普通名词

可数名词

个体

名词

表示个体的人或实物的词

dictionary，pencil，chair，window，table，book

集体

名词

表示一群人或一些事物的词

Family，police，class，group，team

不可数名词

物质

名词

表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词

rice，glass，water，paper，

Air，wood，wool，wheat

抽象

名词

表示状态、品行、行为、感情等抽象名词

knowledge，danger，health，homework，love

2.可数名词变复数

一般情况

加s

cake--cakes

day--days

在清辅音后面读/s/

在浊辅音后面读/z/

结尾是s,x,sh,ch

加es

bus-buses

box-boxes

watch-watchesteach-teaches

读/iz/

结尾是辅音字母+y

把y变成ies

city-citiesbaby-babies

读/iz/

结尾是f或fe

把f或fe变成ves

life-livesleaf-leaves

读/vz/

结尾是o

加s（无生命）

加es（有生命）

photoszoosradios

tomatoespotatoesheroes

不规则变化

man-menwoman-womenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-mice

单数复数是同一个词fishsheepdeerChineseJapanese

特例

（1）有几个以f结尾的词直接加s

Roof-roofs屋顶，belief-beliefs信念，proof-proofs证据，chief-chiefs首领

（2）以man，woman组合的词变复数时都变复数

Manteacher--menteacherswomandoctor--womendoctors

Boystudent--boystudentsappletree--appletrees

（3）国籍变复数

中国人aChinese→Chinese

英国人anEnglishman→Englishmen

德国人aGerman→Germans

3.不可数名词

apieceofpaper一张纸apieceofnews一条新闻apairofshoes一双鞋

twopiecesofpaper二张纸apieceofadvice一条建议twopairsofshoes二双鞋

adropofwater一滴水apieceofbread一块面包apairoftrousers一条裤子

tendropsofwater十滴水abottleofwater一瓶水twopairsoftrousers两条裤子

acupoftea一杯茶abasketoffood一筐食物apairofglasses一副眼镜

threecupsoftea三杯茶

常见的不可数名词（water，food,hair,information,advice,work,money,air,homework）

4.名词所有格

1.名词所有格表示名词之前的所有关系。

有两种表示形式：

一种是’s所有格，另一种是of所有格。

如：

BeijingisChina’scapital./BeijingisthecapitalofChina.

2.用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系，这时只在最后一个名词后’s。

如：

ThisisMaryandhersister’sbedroom.这是玛丽和她姐姐的卧室。

LilyandLucy’smotherisanurse.

用and连接两个并列名词，表示分别拥有各自的物品时，两个名词都在词尾加’s表示所有关系，如：

TheseareTom’sandMary’sbags.

WeiHua’sandJohn’slicensesaremissing.

3.以-s结尾的名词，在s后加’，不以s结尾的词在词尾加’s。

如：

教师节Teachers’Day儿童节Children’sDay

4.of所有格常用来表示无生命的东西，如：

Thedooroftheroom房间的门

5.双重所有格有两种形式：

of+名词所有格；of+名词性物主代词。

如：

Heisafriendofmybrother’s.他是我哥哥的一个朋友

Issheadaughterofyours？

她是你的女儿么？

6.表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加上’s代表全称。

如：

atthedoctor’s在医生的候诊室

7.一些具有名词性质的符合不定代词，如someone，everybody等和else连用时，

‘s应加在else后。

如：

somebodyelse’spencil别人的铅笔

8.表示时间，距离，国家，城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”来构成所有格，如：

（1）用于时间

anhour’sride骑车一小时的路程

twoweek’stime两个星期的时间

（2）用于度量

thirteentons’weight13吨的重量

fivehundredmeter’sdistance五百米的距离

（3）用于价值

ahundredyuan’sorder一百元的订货单

amillionpounds’note一张白万英镑的钞票

（4）用于天体

Theearth’ssatellite地球卫星

（5）用于国家

Belgium’scapital比利时的首都

注：

“数词+名词（+形容词）”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式。

如：

afive-poundnote一张五英镑的纸币afive-year-oldgirl一个五岁的女孩

名词练习题

1.--Lookatmystamps.

--Theyarebeautiful！

You’vegotawonderful______.

A.instructionB.descriptionC.collectionD.expression

2.Thestudentdidn’tfindmuch______aboutthetopiconthatwebsite.

A.reportB.articleC.informationD.story

3.-Excuseme,wheredidyougetthebook?

-Iborroweditfromthe______.

A.cinemaB.libraryC.park.D.station

4.Jasonlikesthe_____ofthecake.It’saheart.

A.colorB.sizeC.smellD.shape

5.HewasborninItaly,buthehasmadeChinahis________.

A.familyB.addressC.houseD.home

6.--WhatisMissGao’sfavorite_______?

--Sheisalwaysinpink.Don’tyouknow?

A.colorB.bookC.songD.music

7.LeeisnewinNanchang.Maybeheneedsa______forsightseeing.

A.watchB.ticketC.mapD.notebook

8.Moreandmorepeoplewouldliketogoonvacationabroad.Theyshouldremembertobe______withgoodmanners.

A.visitorsB.playersC.volunteers

9.Thisweek,the______seemstochangeeveryday:

onedayishot;thenextdayiscold.

A.timeB.seasonC.weatherD.way

10.--David,whyareyousoexcited?

--Myfatherhasmadea_______thathewilltakemetoTibetnextmonth.

A.faceB.promiseC.mistake

11.Mr.White,theprincipal,hasmadeagreat_____tothegrowthoftheschool.

A.contributionB.progressC.inventionD.protection

12.IamsureCindywillbeabletofindthehotel-shehasaprettygood_____oftheschool.

A.ideaB.feelingC.experienceD.sense

13.--It’sawise______towearthewhitetie.Itmatchesyourshirtwell.

--Thankyouverymuch.

A.choiceB.supportC.mixtureD.honor

14.--Wouldyoulikesome______?

--No,thanks.I’mnothungryatall.

A.waterB.soupC.orangeD.bread

15.--Whydidn’tSallyplaytheviolinattheconcertlastnight?

--Shesaidthatherhandhurt,butthatwasonlya_____.Isawherplaytennisjustnow.

A.matterB.excuseC.resultD.expression

16.--Bill,what’syoursister’sfavorite_______?

--Shelikesvolleyballbest.

A.foodB.colorC.sportD.movie

17.ThestudentsofGrade7visitedMike’sfarmandsawmany______there.

A.birdB.duckC.sheepD.rabbit

18.Dearfriends,pleasereadeverysentencecarefully.Detailsdecide______ornot.Ifyoutakeitseriously,youwillachieveyourgoal!

A.successB.successfulC.succeed

19.--Couldyoutellmehowtoremembernewwordsquickly?

--Yes,Ithinka______treecanhelpyoualot.

A.grammarB.equationC.punctuationD.vocabulary

20.TheGoldenGateBridgeisafamouslandmarkinSanFrancisco,theUSA.Whichofthefollowingwordsiscreatedinthesamewayasthewordlandmark?

A.unpleasantB.uselessC.summertimeD.surprising

21.FormyhomeworkIhavetowritea（n）______aboutthewondersoftheworld.

A.musicB.pictureC.compositionD.exam

22.--Ihavegreat_____inlearningmathandI’msoworried.Couldyouhelpme?

--Sure.I’dbegladto.

A.troubleB.interestC.joyD.fun

23.Boysandgirls,feelingpeacefulisthefirststeptobecome______intheexam.Sopleasetakedeepbreathandcalmdown.

A.runnersB.winnersC.players

24.--MrsBlack,couldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtowriteanapplicationletter?

--Withpleasure.Rememberthatthelettershouldbewrittenintheformal____.

A.valueB.styleC.effectD.mood

25.Thethemeparkisabout______ridefromthemuseum.Youshouldstartoutrightnow.

A.twohourB.twohour’sC.twohours’D.two-hours

26.Thecustomersarepleasedwiththe______oftherestaurant.

A.balanceB.experienceC.surfaceD.service

27.Look!

Thekitesintheskyareindifferent______.Somearebigandsomearesmall.

A.sizeB.sizesC.colorD.colors

28.--Father’sDayiscoming.WhatshouldIbuyformyfather?

--Whynot_____?

Helikessports.

A.ascarfB.akeyringC.apairofjeansD.apairofrunningshoes

29.TheBritishcelebrate______,whichisoneoftheirtraditionalfestivals.Kidsareexcitedaboutthepresentshiddeninthestockings（长筒袜）.

A.theSpringFestivalB.NewYear’sDayC.Christmas

30.Ihavetospeaktomygrandmaloudlybecausesomethingiswrongwithher_____.

A.eyesB.earsC.legsD.hands

31.--Whydoyougetupsoearlyinthemorning,Tarcy?

--Igenerallymakeita______tobeupby7toreadEnglish.

A.planB.wishC.secretD.rule

32.--Two______diedintheaccident.

--______terribleitis!

A.plicemen;HowB.policeman;WhatC.police;WhatD.policemans;How

33.--Whatisyour_____ofkeepingfitandslim?

--Idoexercisethirtyminuteseverydayandhaveabalanced（均衡的）diet.

A.troubleB.mistakeC.advantageD.secret

34.It’syour_____asChinesetoprotecttheenvironment.

A.dutyB.hobbyC.habitD.manner

35.Thechildfinallycompletedtheracebecauseofhisparents’_____.

A.experienceB.excuseC.encouragementD.expression

36.--Takingawalkaftersupperisagood______.

--Soitis.Itkeepsushealthy.

A.habitB.eventC.ruleD.favor

37.--Canyouseethepictureclearly?

--Sure.Therearemany______init.

A.flowerB.grassesC.treeD.sheep

38.Therewasafoodaccidentinthisprimaryschool.About60_____wereill,butno____werelost.

A.child;livesB.children;lifeC.children;livesD.child;life

39.Ifeelsotiredafterthelongwalk,soIwanttohavea______.

A.talkB.lookC.partyD.rest

40.Myfatherisareporter.Heworksina______.

A.bankB.schoolC.hospitalD.TVstation

41.Allthe_______teachersandthe_______studentsthereareplayingbasketballontheplayground.

A.men,boysB.men;boysC.man;boyD.man;boys

42.--Whosedeskisthis?

Isitthe______?

--Yes.Itis_____.

A.twins’;TomandTony’sB.twin’s;Tom’sandTony’s

C.twins’;TomandTonyD.twins’;Tom’sandTony

43.--Mom,couldyoupassmesome______?

It’sdelicious.

--OK,butonlyalittle.

A.butterB.applesC.tomatoesD.sandwiches

44.--Idon’tknowhowtooperatethewashingmachine.

--Here’sthe______.Youcanreaditfirst.

A.instructionB.directionC.advertisementD.information

45.--Whatdidshesay?

--Shesaidthatshewasill,butthatwasonlya（n）_______.

A.excuseB.exerciseC.topicD.memory

46.--Ilike_____.They’remyfavoritefruit.

--Youdo?

Ilikewatermelons.

A.yogurtB.strawberriesC.breadD.potato

47.It’ssocrowdedhere.Let’smakesome______forthebaby.

A.houseB.roomC.seatsD.chairs

48.--Couldyoupleasepassmesomethingtoeat?

--Whataboutsome______?

A.waterB.orangeC.fishD.tea

49.TheInternetisveryuseful.Wecangetalotof______fromit.

A.thingB.messageC.informationsD.information

50.Those_____areallfrom______.

A.mandoctors;JapaneseB.mendoctors;Japan

C.man’sdoctors;JapanD.mendoctors;Japanese

51.--TheOlympicwillbeheldinLondonthissummer.HowIwishtohavea_____towatchthegames!

--Me,too.

A.chanceB.choiceC.surpriseD.share

52.______motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.

A.MaryandPeter’sB.MaryandPeter

C.Mary’sandPeterD.Mary’sandPeter’s

53.--Oh,mygod!

Wehavemissedthelastbus.Whatshallwedo?

--I’mafraidwehaveno_____buttotakeataxi.

A.choiceB.decisionC.reasonD.idea

54.--Excuseme.Canyoutellmethewaytothetrainstation,plea