高考英语 科普知识类2.docx

高考英语 科普知识类2.docx

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高考英语科普知识类2

<标签-阅读>

（2010湖南）

C

PeoplefromEastAsiatendtohavemoredifficultythanthosefromEuropeindistinguishingfacialexpressions—andanewreportpublishedonlineinCurrentBiologyexplainswhy.

RachaelJack,UniversityofGlasgowresearcher,saidthatratherthanscanningevenly（均匀的）acrossafaceasWesternersdo,Easternersfixtheirattentionontheeyes.

"WeshowthatEasternersandWesternerslookatdifferentfacefeaturestoreadfacialexpressions,"Jacksaid."Westernerslookattheeyesandthemouthinequalmeasure,whereasEasternersfavortheeyesandneglect（忽略）themouth."

AccordingtoJackandhercolleagues,thediscoveryshowsthathumancommunicationofemotionismorecomplexthanpreviouslybelieved.Asaresult,facialexpressionsthathadbeenconsidereduniversallyrecognizablecannotbeusedtoreliablyconveyemotionincross-culturalsituations.

Theresearchersstudiedculturaldifferencesintherecognitionoffacialexpressionsbyrecordingtheeyemovementsof13WesternCaucasianand13EastAsianpeoplewhiletheyobservedpicturesofexpressivefacesandputthemintocategories:

happy,sad,surprised,fearful,disgusted,angry,orneutral.Theycomparedhowaccuratelyparticipantsreadthosefacialexpressionsusingtheirparticulareyemovementstrategies.

ItturnedoutthatEasternersfocusedmuchgreaterattentionontheeyesandmadesignificantlymoreerrorsthanWesternersdid."Theculturaldifferenceineyemovementsthattheyshowisprobablyareflectionofculturaldifferenceinfacialexpressions,"Jacksaid."OurdatasuggestthatwhereasWesternersusethewholefacetoconveyemotion,Easternersusetheeyesmoreandmouthless."

Inshort,thedatashowthatfacialexpressionsarenotuniversalsignalsofhumanemotion.Fromhereon,examininghowculturalfactorshavediversifiedthesebasicsocialskillswillhelpourunderstandingofhumanemotion.Otherwise,whenitcomestocommunicatingemotionsacrosscultures,EasternersandWesternerswillfindthemselveslostintranslation.

1..ThediscoveryshowsthatWesterners.

A.payequalattentiontotheeyesandthemouth

B.considerfacialexpressionsuniversallyreliable

C.observetheeyesandthemouthindifferentways

D.havemoredifficultyinrecognizingfacialexpressions

2..Whatwerethepeopleaskedtodointhestudy?

A.Tomakeafaceateachother.B.Togettheirfacesimpressive.

C.Toclassifysomefacepictures.D.Toobservetheresearchers'faces.

3..Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inParagraph6referto?

A.Theparticipantsinthestudy.

B.Theresearchersofthestudy.

C.Theerrorsmadeduringthestudy.

D.Thedatacollectedfromthestudy.

4.IncomparisonwithWesterners,Easternersarelikelyto.

A.dotranslationmoresuccessfully

B.studythemouthmorefrequently

C.examinetheeyesmoreattentively

D.readfacialexpressionsmorecorrectly

5.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheEyeastheWindowtotheSoul

B.CulturalDifferencesinReadingEmotions

C.EffectiveMethodstoDevelopSocialSkills

D.HowtoIncreaseCross-culturalUnderstanding

<答案>

【语篇解读】本文为科普说明文。

主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：

东方人比西方人更难于读懂他人的面部表情。

1.A

考点：

细节理解题

解析：

根据第三段“Westernerslookattheeyesandthemouthinequalmeasure,whereasEasternersfavortheeyesandneglect（忽略）themouth.”可以得出答案

2.C

考点：

细节理解题

解析：

根据第五段“…byrecordingtheeyemovementsof13WesternCaucasianand13EastAsianpeoplewhiletheyobservedpicturesof.expressivefacesandputthemintocategories:

happy,sad,surprised,fearful,disgusted,angry,orneutral.”可以判断选C

3.A

考点：

词义猜测

解析：

根据定语从句“thattheyshow”所修饰的eyemovements在研究中为theparticipants所作（从theeyemovementsof13WesternCaucasianand13EastAsianpeople”可知）可判断选A

4.C

考点：

细节理解题

解析：

根据第六段“ItturnedoutthatEasternersfocusedmuchgreaterattentionontheeyesandmadesignificantlymoreerrorsthandidWesterners.”可判断选C

5.B

考点：

主旨大意题

解析：

文章首先指出科学研究的最新发现：

东方人比西方人更难于读懂人的面部表情。

之后更具体地介绍研究的结构及其研究过程，最后得出结论：

文化差异丰富了理解情感的基本社会技巧，即：

不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式也不尽相同。

由此判断最佳标题应为B

<标签-阅读>

（2010江西）

E

Everydayweexperienceoneofthewondersoftheworldarounduswithoutevenrealizingit.Itisnottheamazingcomplexityoftelevision,northeimpressivetechnologyoftransport.Theuniversalwonderweshareandexperienceisourabilitytomakenoisewithoutmouths,andsotransmitideasandthoughtstoeachother’sminds.Thisabilitycomessonaturallythatwetendtoforgetwhatamiracle（奇迹）is.

Obviously,theabilitytotalkissomethingthatmarkshumansofffromanimal.Ofcourse,someanimalshavepowersjustasamazing,Birdscanflythousandsmilesby\observingpositionsofthestarsintheskyinrelationtothetimeofdayandyear.InNature’stalentshow,humansareaspeciesofanimalthathavedevelopedtheirownspecialact.Ifwereduceittobasicterms,it’sanabilityforcommunicatinginformationtoothers,byvaryingsoundswemakeaswebreatheout.

Notthatwedon’thaveotherpowersofcommunication.Ourfacialexpressionsconveyouremotions,suchasanger,orjoy,ordisappointment.Thewayweholdourheadscanindicatetootherswhetherwearehappyorsad.Thisisso-called“bodylanguage”.Bristling（直立的）furisanunmistakablewarningofattackamongmanyanimals.Similarly,thebowedheadordroopingtailshowsareadinesstotakesecondplaceinanyanimalgathering.

Suchameansofcommunicationisabasicmechanismthatanimals,includinghumanbeings,instinctivelyacquireanddisplay.Istheabilitytospeakjustanothersortofinstinct?

Ifso,howdidhumanbeingsacquirethisamazingskill?

Biologistcanreadilyindicatethatparticularareaofourbrainwherespeechmechanismsfunction,butthisdoesn’ttellushowthatpartofourbodiesoriginatedinourbiologicalhistory.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thewonderwetakeforgrantedis.

A.ourabilitytouselanguage

B.themiracleoftechnology

C.theamazingpowerofnature

D.ourabilitytomakenoiseswithmouth

2.Whatfeatureof“bodylanguage”mentionedinthepassageiscommontobothhumanandanimals?

A.Liftingheadswhensad.

B.Keepinglongfaceswhenangry.

C.Bristlinghairwhenreadytoattack.

D.Bowingheadswhenwillingtoobey.

3.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?

A.Bodylanguageisuniquetohumans.

B.Animalsexpressemotionsjustashumansdo.

C.Humanshaveotherpowersofcommunication.

D.Humansarenodifferentfromanimalstosomedegree.

4.Thispassageismainlyabout.

A.thedevelopmentofbodylanguage.

B.thespecialrolehumansplayinnature

C.thepowertoconveyinformationtoothers

D.thedifferencebetweenhumansandanimalsinlanguageuse

<答案>

1.A

考点：

细节理解题。

题目:

根据文章,我们认为理所当然的奇迹是:

A:

我们使用语言的能力

B:

技术的奇迹

C:

自然的惊人力量

D:

我们用嘴制造噪音的能力。

解析：

根据第一段倒数第二句话Theuniversalwonderweshareandexperienceisourabilitytomakenoisewithoutmouths,andsotransmitideasandthoughtstoeachother’sminds.可知:

我们把使用语言的能力这个奇迹当做理所当然。

B,C选项与文章不符,在第一段第二句话中可得知。

D选项易误导学生,在文章中虽然有原话,但一句话没有说完,关键是通过嘴巴发出的声音去给其他人传递信息。

故D选项也是错误的。

2.D

考点：

细节理解题。

题目:

文章中提到的“肢体语言”的什么特征对于人类和动物都是共同的:

A:

伤心时抬头

B:

愤怒时拉长脸

C:

准备攻击时直立毛皮

D:

乐意服从时低头

解析：

根据第三段最后一句话“Similarly,thebowedheadordroopingtailshows…..”可知答案。

A和B选项描绘的是人的肢体语言特征。

C选项描绘的是动物的肢体语言。

3.D

考点：

推理判断题。

题目:

从第三段可以推段出:

A:

肢体语言是人类独一无二的

B:

动物和人类一样表达情感

C:

人类有其他交流的能力

D:

人类在某种程度上和动物是相同的

解析：

根据第三段后三句话可知:

人类在某种程度上和动物没有不同。

从段落中可得知A,B,C均与文章不符。

4.C

考点：

主旨大意题。

题目:

这篇文章主要讲述什么？

A:

肢体语言的发展

B:

人类在自然中扮演的特殊角色

C:

给他人传递信息的力量

D:

人类和动物在语言使用中的差异

解析：

整篇文章谈论的都是给他人传递信息的力量,使用语言的能力。

A,B选项文章未提及.D选项较片面,文章第三段中提到了相似点和差异二种。

本文是介绍关于人类使用语言的能力的说明文,主要阐述人区分动物的特殊能力及其相似性。

<标签-阅读>

（2010山东）

D

Batteriescanpoweranythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerful,problemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouri（MU）researchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmaller,lighterandmoreefficient.

“Toprovideenoughpower,weneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensity（密度）”，saidJaeKwon,assistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.“Theradioisotope（放射性同位素）batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.”

Kwonandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbattery,presentlythesizeandthicknessofapenny,intendedtopowervariousmicro/nanoelectromechanrealsystems（M/NEMS）.Althoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcerns,Kwonsaidtheyaresafe.

“Peopleheartheword‘nuclear’andthinkofsomethingverydangerous,”hesaid,“However,nuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevices,suchaspace-makers,spacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.”

Hisnewideaisnotonlyinthebattery’ssize,butalsoinitssemiconductor（半导体）.Kwon’sbatteryusesaliquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.

“Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergy,partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure（晶体结构）ofthesolidsemiconductor,”Kwonsaid,“Byusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”

TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertson,chemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactor,Kwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuture,theyhopetoincreasethebattery’spower,shrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatbatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.

1.WhichofthefollowingistrueofJaeKwon?

A.HeteacheschemistryatMU.

B.Hedevelopedachemicalbattery.

C.Heiswor