高考英语 科普知识类2.docx

1、高考英语 科普知识类2（2010湖南）C People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across a f

2、ace as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions, Jack said. Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth. Ac

3、cording to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations. The research

4、ers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They

5、compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. The cultural difference in eye movements that they show

6、is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions, Jack said. Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less. In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. Fr

7、om here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation. 1. . The discovery shows that We

8、sterners . A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth B. consider facial expressions universally reliable C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions 2. . What were the people asked to do in the study?A. To make a face at each o

9、ther. B. To get their faces impressive. C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers faces. 3. . What does the underlined word they in Paragraph 6 refer to?A. The participants in the study. B. The researchers of the study. C. The errors made during the study. D. The data collecte

10、d from the study. 4. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to . A. do translation more successfullyB. study the mouth more frequentlyC. examine the eyes more attentivelyD. read facial expressions more correctly 5. What can be the best title for the passage? A. The Eye as the Window to

11、 the SoulB. Cultural Differences in Reading EmotionsC. Effective Methods to Develop Social SkillsD. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding 【语篇解读】本文为科普说明文。主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂他人的面部表情。1. A考点：细节理解题解析：根据第三段 “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favo

12、r the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth. ” 可以得出答案2. C考点：细节理解题解析：根据第五段 “by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. ”可以判断选C3.

13、 A考点：词义猜测解析：根据定语从句 “that they show”所修饰的 eye movements 在研究中为the participants 所作（从the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people” 可知）可判断选A4. C考点：细节理解题解析：根据第六段 “It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Weste

14、rners. ”可判断选C5. B考点：主旨大意题解析：文章首先指出科学研究的最新发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂人的面部表情。之后更具体地介绍研究的结构及其研究过程，最后得出结论：文化差异丰富了理解情感的基本社会技巧，即：不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式也不尽相同。由此判断最佳标题应为B（2010江西）EEvery day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it. It is not the amazing complexity of television, nor

15、the impressive technology of transport. The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noise without mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each others minds. This ability comes so naturally that we tend to forget what a miracle (奇迹) is. Obviously, the ability to talk is

16、something that marks humans off from animal. Of course, some animals have powers just as amazing, Birds can fly thousands miles by observing positions of the stars in the sky in relation to the time of day and year. In Natures talent show, humans are a species of animal that have developed their own

17、 special act. If we reduce it to basic terms, its an ability for communicating information to others, by varying sounds we make as we breathe out. Not that we dont have other powers of communication. Our facial expressions convey our emotions, such as anger, or joy, or disappointment. The way we hol

18、d our heads can indicate to others whether we are happy or sad. This is so-called “body language”. Bristling (直立的) fur is an unmistakable warning of attack among many animals. Similarly, the bowed head or drooping tail shows a readiness to take second place in any animal gathering. Such a means of c

19、ommunication is a basic mechanism that animals, including human beings, instinctively acquire and display. Is the ability to speak just another sort of instinct? If so, how did human beings acquire this amazing skill? Biologist can readily indicate that particular area of our brain where speech mech

20、anisms function, but this doesnt tell us how that part of our bodies originated in our biological history. 1. According to the passage, the wonder we take for granted is . A. our ability to use languageB. the miracle of technologyC. the amazing power of natureD. our ability to make noises with mouth

21、2. What feature of “body language” mentioned in the passage is common to both human and animals?A. Lifting heads when sad. B. Keeping long faces when angry. C. Bristling hair when ready to attack. D. Bowing heads when willing to obey. 3. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A. Body language is uniq

22、ue to humans. B. Animals express emotions just as humans do. C. Humans have other powers of communication. D. Humans are no different from animals to some degree. 4. This passage is mainly about . A. the development of body language. B. the special role humans play in natureC. the power to convey in

23、formation to othersD. the difference between humans and animals in language use1. A考点：细节理解题。题目: 根据文章, 我们认为理所当然的奇迹是:A: 我们使用语言的能力B: 技术的奇迹C: 自然的惊人力量D: 我们用嘴制造噪音的能力。解析：根据第一段倒数第二句话The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noise without mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts t

24、o each others minds. 可知: 我们把使用语言的能力这个奇迹当做理所当然。B, C选项与文章不符, 在第一段第二句话中可得知。D选项易误导学生, 在文章中虽然有原话, 但一句话没有说完, 关键是通过嘴巴发出的声音去给其他人传递信息。故D选项也是错误的。2. D考点：细节理解题。题目: 文章中提到的“肢体语言”的什么特征对于人类和动物都是共同的:A: 伤心时抬头B: 愤怒时拉长脸C: 准备攻击时直立毛皮D: 乐意服从时低头解析： 根据第三段最后一句话“Similarly, the bowed head or drooping tail shows . . ”可知答案。A和B选项

25、描绘的是人的肢体语言特征。C 选项描绘的是动物的肢体语言。3. D考点：推理判断题。题目: 从第三段可以推段出:A: 肢体语言是人类独一无二的B: 动物和人类一样表达情感C: 人类有其他交流的能力D: 人类在某种程度上和动物是相同的解析： 根据第三段后三句话可知: 人类在某种程度上和动物没有不同。从段落中可得知A, B, C 均与文章不符。4. C考点：主旨大意题。题目: 这篇文章主要讲述什么？A: 肢体语言的发展B: 人类在自然中扮演的特殊角色C: 给他人传递信息的力量D: 人类和动物在语言使用中的差异解析： 整篇文章谈论的都是给他人传递信息的力量, 使用语言的能力。A, B选项文章未提及.

26、 D选项较片面, 文章第三段中提到了相似点和差异二种。本文是介绍关于人类使用语言的能力的说明文, 主要阐述人区分动物的特殊能力及其相似性。（2010山东）DBatteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the

27、devices themselves. University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient. “To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density(密度)”，said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at

28、MU. “The radioisotope(放射性同位素) battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries. ”Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro / nanoelectromechanreal systems

29、 (M/NEMS). Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe. “People hear the word nuclear and think of something very dangerous,” he said, “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwat

30、er systems. ”His new idea is not only in the batterys size, but also in its semiconductor(半导体). Kwons battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor. “The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the l

31、attice structure(晶体结构) of the solid semiconductor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem. ”Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the fu

32、ture, they hope to increase the batterys power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair. 1. Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?A. He teaches chemistry at MU. B. He developed a chemical battery. C. He is wor