语言学考研真题.docx

语言学考研真题.docx

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语言学考研真题

江西师范大学2006年硕士研究生入学考试试题（A卷）

专业：

语言学与应用语言学科目：

专业综合

应用语言学

1：

ExplainthefollowingtermsinEnglish

1corpus

2inputhypothesis

3learningstrategy

4clozetests

5validity

2:

Trueorfalsestatement

1WehaveseenonseveraloccasionsthatChomskysleashavehadadirectinfluenceonlanguageteachingpractice.

2Rulesoflanguageuseareoftenmoredifficulttostatethanrulesofgrammar.

3Mostforeignlanguagelearnersinmostclassroomshaveasyllabusimposedonthemfromoutside.

4Itiscommonlybelievedthatthereceptiveskills（listeningandreading）shouldbeapproachedbeforecorrespondingproductiveones（speakingandwriting）

5Beingpreparedtotakerisksisindeedavitalpartoflanguagelearning.

6Traditionalcomprehensionexercisesfocusedontop-downprocess.

7Thevariablesthatcontributetoindividualdifferencesareusuallydividedintothreebroadcategoriescognitiveaffectiveandpersonality.

8Researchintheareaoflanguageawarenesssuggeststhatgrammaticalsensirivityisindeedanimportantskillforthenativelanguagespeakerstopossess.

9Thesociolinguisticrevolutionleftitsmarkonclassroomtechniquesor“methodology”,andcontributedsignificantlytowhatiscommonlycalledcognitivemethodology.

10Almostalloftherecentdiscussioninlanguageteachingabouttheprosandconsofdrillinghasbeenwithinthebehaviorismversuscognitivismdebate.

3:

Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly

1Whatarethemajordifferencesbetweenaptitudetestsontheonehand,andachievementandproficiencytestsontheother.

2Aredifferentiatebetweenintegrativeandinstrumentalmotivationandgiveanexampleforit.

3Whatadvantagesdomultiplechoicequestionshave?

4Distinguishbetweenforeignlanguagelearningandforeignlanguageacquisitionandgiveoneexampleforcefully.

5Whatarethedifferencesbetweeninductivelearninganddeductivelearning?

Pleasegiveoneexampleforcefully.

Answerthefollowingquestioninyourownwords

1Whatdoyouthinkhighneedachievementmakesagoodlanguagelearner?

Makealistofthequalitiesyouthinkagoodlanguagelearnerpossessthinicaboutorallanguagelearnersalso.Whatmakesthembad?

2Thebothnegativetransferandpositivetransferinforeignlanguagelearning.ConsideryourownFLlanguageteachingexperience.MakealistofthreemistakesyourstudentsmightmakeduetonegativetransferfromtheirL1andalsoalistofthreeexamplesofpositivetransfer.

语言学：

Definingthefollowingterms

1Displacement

2Recursiveness

3Ideolect

4Fieldofdiscourse

5Morphophonology

Fillingintheblankswiththebestchoices

1Consonantsareproductedbyconstrictingorobstructing__________atsomeplacetodivert,impede,orcomplemetelyshutofftheflowofairintheoralcavity.

AthealveolamridgeBthetongue

CthevocaltractDthemandible

2[p,p]aretwodifferentphonesandarevariantsofthephoneme/p/.Suchvariantsofaphonemearecalled_________ofthesamephoneme.

AfreevariantsBallophones

CcomplementarydistributionDminimalpairs

3InEnglish,pronounshavethreecasesofnominative,accusativeandgenitive.Accusativecasesinclude___________.

AI,he,sheBme,him,her

Cmy,your,hisDthey,their,them

4________________isanapproachthatstressestherelationshipsofelementsinasentence.ItisatypeofgenerativegrammardevelopedbyC.J.Fillmoreinthelate1960s.

ACognitivegrammarBSpacegrammar

CCasegrammarDTransformationalgrammar

5__________________isChomsky’stermfortheconcreteindividuallinguisticevent.Itisbasedontheintuitiveknowledgeoftheidealspeaker/listenerabouttheregularitiesofthelanguage.

ACompetenceBLangue

CPerformativeDPerformance

TrueorFlaseQuestions（10%）

1Inflectionalaffixesdonotchangethewordclassofthewordtheyattach,whereasderivationalaffixesmightormightnot,suchastherelationbetweenbrotherandbrotherhoodfortheformer,andthatbetweensmallandsmallnessforthelatter.

2Theideathatthemeaningofasentencedependsonthemeaningsoftheconstituentwordsandthewaytheyarecombinedisusuallyknownastheprincipleofcompositionality.

3Propositionalcalculusisthestudyofthetruthconditionsforpropositions.

4AccordingtoRelevanceTheoryproposedbySperberandWilson,noteveryactofostensivecommunicationcommunicatesthepresumptionofitsownoptionalrelevance.

5RecencyEffectsdescribetheadditionaleasewithwhichawordisaccessedduetoitsrepeatedoccurrenceinthediscourseorcontext.

ShortAnswerQuestions（20%）

1SummarizethemainideasofSapir-WhorfHypotheses.

2Saussureisregardedasthefatherofmodernlinguistics,why?

Giveyourcomments.

Usethelinguisticstheoryyouhavelearnedtoanalyzethefollowingtwostatements:

1Anassumptionisrelevantinacontexttotheextentthatitscontextualeffectsinthiscontextarelarge.2Anassumptionisinthiscontextissmall.

Givesomeexamplestodemonstrate.（25%）

.J江西师范大学2007年硕士研究生入学考试A卷

专业：

外国语言学与应用语言学科目：

专业综合

Linguistics

Definethefollowingterms（15）

1macrolinguistics

2deepstructure

3reference

4sociolect

5freevariation

Multiplechoice（10%）。

1Anillocutionaryactisidenticalwith________

AsentencemeaningBthespeaker’sintentionClanguageunderstandingDthespeaker’scompetence

2Conceptualmeaningis_____________________

AdenotativeBconnotative

CassociativeDaffective

3A______________isanymorphemeorcombinationofmorphemestowhichaninflectionalaffixcanbeadded.

AstemBrootCAllormorphDlexeme

4Thechoiceofanallophoneinagivenphoneticcontextis___________________

ArandomBpredictableCvariableDindependent

5____________________isoneofthesuprasegmentalfeatures.

AStopBVoicingCDeletionDTone

6Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreeCentigrade“is__________________

AinterrogativeBdirective

CinformativeDperformative

7Thestudyoflanguagedevelopmentoveraperiodoftimeisgenerallytermedas________linguistics.

AcomparativeBapplied

CsynchronicDdiachronic

8___________referstoaconstructionwhereoneclauseiscoordinatedwithanother.

AEmbeddingBRecursiveness

CConjoiningDCohesion

9Whatisthesyllabicstructureoftheword“stamp”

ACVBCVCC

CCCVCCDCCVC

10Thewordssuchas“lab”,”doc”are______________

AformedbyblendingBacronyms

CcoinedbybackformationDclippedwords

TrueorFlase（10%）

1Halliday’slinguisticpotentialissimilartothenotionsofparoleandperformance.

2Aphonemeinonelanguageoronedialectmaybeanallophoneinanotherlanguageordialect.

3Paradigmaticrelationinsyntaxisalternativelycalledhorizontalrelation.

4Prediactionofasentenceisidenticaltothepropositionofthesentence.

5Inthesemiotictriangle,thereisnodirectrelationshipbetweensymbolandreferent.

6TheCooperativePrinciple,animportantpragmaticprincipleproposedbyP.Grice,aimstoexplainhowwemeanmorethanwesay.

7ThetermStreamofConsciousnesswasoriginallycoinedbythephilosopherWilliamJamesinhisPrincipleofPsychologytodescribethefreeassociationofideasandimpressionsinthemind.

8InHyme’sview,thelearneracquiresknowledgeofsentencesnotonlyasgrammaticalbutalsoaslexical.

9Itisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplelearntheirfirstlanguageconsciouslyandacquiretheirsecondlanguagenaturally.

10Generativegrammarisasystemofrulesthatinsomeexplicitandwell-definedwayassignsstructuraldescriptionstosentence.

Explainthefollowingsentences（15%）

1Whatsyntacticruleisinvolvedinthetransformationofthesentence.”Themanwascheated”?

Explainbyusingtreediagrams.（8%）

2Explainthemoodofthesentence.”Thatteapotthedukehasgiventomyauntlastyear”,accordingtoHalliday’sinterpersonalfunction.（7%）

ShortEssayQuestions（25%）

1WhatarethethreeimportantpointsofthePragueSchool?

（13%）

2Howdoesutterancemeaningdifferfromsentencemeaning?

（12%）

SentenceLanguageAcquisition.

ExplainthefollowingtermsinEnglish（10%）

1LAD

2Rotelearningability

3Ethnocentrism

4Fossilization

5TargetLanguage

TrueorFalse（10%）

1Therearerulesofusewithoutwhichrulesofsyntaxaremeaningless.

2Thetypicalextrovertisaquite,retiringsortofperson,fondofbooksratherthanpeople.

3Communicativelanguagelearningismodeledoncounselingproceduresassociatedwithpsychotherapy.

4Alearnerwithnegativefeelingswillbeclosedtoinput,languagewillnotpasseasilythroughfilter.

5Inrole-playexercises,studentsactnotpartsinasmall-scaledramaspecificallysetuptopracticechosenfunctions.

6Keepingsilenceissomesortofcommunicationstrategy.

7FouroftheprincipleprotagonistsinbehaviorismwereAmericans__IvanPavlov,JohnWatson,EdwardThorndikeandBurrhusSkinner.

8Speakingandlisteningbelongtoreceptiveskillsandreadingandwritingareproductiveskills.

9Theauthenticityreferstothedegreetowhichlanguageteachingmaterialshavethequalitiesofnaturalspeechorwriting.

10Acquiringalanguageisnotmoresuccessfulandlongerlastingthanlearningitconsciously.

Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly（25%）

1Explaintoleranceofambiguityinthelanguagelearningprocess.

2Distinguishbetweendeclarativeandproceduralknowledgewithpracticalexamplesforeach.

3Whatisaffectivefilter?

Illustrateitwithanexample.

4Whatarethedifferencesbetweentop-downandbottom-uplearningprocess?

Pleasegiveexampleforeach.

5Whatisfacevalidity?

Giveanexampletodemonstrateit.

Answerthefollowingquestionsinyourownwords（30%）

1Chinesepeoplearemoreinstrumentallymotivatedthanintegrativelymotivatedin