英语高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案.docx

英语高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案.docx

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英语高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案

【英语】高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Twoyounggiant-pandatwinsbornintheUnitedStateshavereturnedhometoChina,butarestragglingtoadapttothelanguageandfood.

   The3-year-oldsisters,MeiLunandMeiHuan,wensthefirstsurvivingpandatwinstobebornintheUnitedStates,andwerereturnedtoChinafromZooAtlantaonNov.5.ButthepairstillunderstandEnglishbelterthanChinese,andpreferAmericanbiscuitstoChinesebread.

   Azoo-keepersaidthathismainconcernisthatthepairaresoaddictedtoAmericanbiscuitsthateverythingtheyeat—frombamboostoapples—hastobemixedwithbiscuits.Theyevenwanttosnackon（零食）biscuitswhendrinkingwater.

   Thezoo-keeperistryingtoweanthemofftheirbiscuithabit,graduallyreplacingtheAmericanfoodwithChinesebread.MeiHuanisadapting,butMeiLundoesn'twanttotouchtheunfamiliarbread.

   MeiLunisthelivelierofthetwo,oftenjumpingontotheroofandhangingupsidedownfromarail,butherslightlyyoungersisterMeiHuaniscalmer,preferringtositstill,observehernewenvironmentandoccasionallysnackonbamboo.

   Alanguagebarrierisalsoreported.Whilethepairrespondtotheirownnames,andunderstandsomeEnglishphrasessuchas“comehere,”theydon'tunderstandtheSichuandialectofChinese.

   ThenewscausedsomelaughteronChinesesocialmedia,withsomeuserscommentingthatthepandaswouldsoongetusedtoSichuan'sfamouslyspicycuisine.

（1）Basedonthepassage,whichstatementdoyouthinkisright?

A. ThepandatwinscanfitinwellinSichuan.         

B. ThepandatwinsareonlyfondofSichuanfoodanddishes.

C. Thepandatwinshavebeenusedtothenewenvironmentveryquickly.         

D. It'shardforthepandatwinstogetusedtothenewenvironmentsoon.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“weanthemoff”inthefourthparagraphmean?

A. helpthemgetridof.                                        

B. helpthemform.

C. helpthemstrengthen.                                     

D. helpthemkeep.

（3）Fromthepassagewelearnthatofthetwosisters        .

A. MeiHuanmainlyeatsbamboo                       

B. MeiLunislivingamoreactivelife

C. MeiHuanisnotsmarterthanMeiLun           

D. MeiLunisasquietasheryoungersister

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了在美国出生的两只双胞胎大熊猫回国了，但是却不适应国内的饮食和语言，令饲养员很担心。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“butarestrugglingtoadapttothelanguageandfood”可知，这对双胞胎熊猫回国后适应语言和食物都很费力、困难，尤其是后面的2,3,4段更细节地描述了适应这个新环境的困难。

故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第四段中的“graduallyreplacingtheAmericanfoodwithChinesebread”逐渐地用中国面包（馒头）代替美国食物，故前一句“Thezoo-keeperistryingtoweanthemofftheirbiscuithabit”的意思肯定是饲养员正试图让他们戒掉吃美国饼干的习惯，故此处的weanthemoff就可以断定为“去除”的意思，选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第三段中的“MeiLunisthelivelierofthetwo,oftenjumpingontotheroofandhangingupsidedownfromarail,butherslightlyyoungersisterMeiHuaniscalmer,preferringtositstill”可知，美轮更充满活力一点，喜欢上蹿下跳地玩耍，美奂则更安静点，喜欢静坐，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生在捕捉细节信息同时，需根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   DelhihasbeenthecentreofasuccessionofmightyempiresandpowerfulkingdomsinIndia.Numerousruinsscatteredthroughouttheterritoryofferaconstantreminderofthearea'shistory,whichmakesthecityalwaysbeafascinatingplacefortourists.

   Withthedevelopmentofthecityandmoreandmorepeoplemoving,thecityhasexpandedseveraltimesinsize.ThatiswhyitiscalledNewDelhi.NewDelhi,acitywithapopulationofover20millionpeople,hasitsnewestproblem:

neverbeforehasthiscitymetwiththeworstairproblem.

   AirpollutioninIndianscapitalsurgedtoitsworstlevelsinyears,coveringthecityinathicksmogthathasbecomeanannualpublic-healthemergencydespitegovernmentvowstosolvetheproblem.

   Hundredsofflightswerediverted,delayedandcanceledovertheweekendduetopoorvisibility,schoolsandofficeswereclosedMondayandofficialsrushedtotakeemergencymeasurestotrytoreversetheerodingairquality.Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.

   NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutantsemittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdustfromconstructionsitesandroadsandsmokefromcropstubbleburninginneighboringstates.FireworksandfirecrackerstocelebratetheHindufestivalofDiwalithenarrives,leavingDelhitheworld'smostpollutedcity.

   Thecity'sairqualityindex,whichmeasuresamixofdangerouspollutants,registeredanaveragescoreof494Sunday.Thatisthehighest24-houraveragesinceNov.6,2016,whenithit497,accordingtodatameasuredbytheCentralPollutionControlBoard.

（1）WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.DiwaliisoneofthemostimportantfestivalsinIndia.

B.Thegovernmentdidlittletoprotectitscitizensagainsttheseriouspollution.

C.SuchaseriousairpollutioninNewDelhiappearsonaregularbasis.

D.Theindexoftherecentairpollutionisnottheworstinthehistory.

（2）Whomaynotcomplainabouttheseriousairpollution?

A.Theparentswhosechildrenhavetostayathome.

B.Thepilotswhoseplaneshavebeendivertedordelayed.

C.Themanufacturerswhoproduceantipollutionmasks.

D.Theofficialswhohavetoworkoutoftheiroffices.

（3）Whichofthefollowingphrasescanreplacetheunderlinedwordinparagraph5?

A.Sentout.

B.Sentup.

C.Sentin.

D.Senton.

（4）Thetitleofthepassageshouldbe      .

A.ProblemsCausedbytheDevelopmentofNewDelhi

B.DangerousPollutionEnvelopsNewDelhi

C.AntipollutionMasksAreinGreatNeedinNewDelhi

D.FarmersintheNeighboringStatesaretoBlameforBurningCropStubble

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动，城市规模的扩大，印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。

虽然政府发誓解决污染问题，但由于污染严重，整个新德里处于危险的污染中，人们必须戴防污口罩，冬天天气寒冷污染物成雾霾，成为世界是污染最严重的城市。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第三段“AirpollutioninIndianscapitalsurgedtoitsworstlevelsinyears,coveringthecityinathicksmogthathasbecomeanannualpublic-healthemergencydespitegovernmentvowstosolvetheproblem.”印度首都的空气污染飙升至多年来最严重的水平，笼罩着这座城市的浓雾已成为年度公共卫生紧急事件，尽管政府誓言要解决这个问题；第五段“NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutantsemittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdust...,leavingDelhitheworld'smostpollutedcity.”新德里每年都会被污染吞没，随着天气变冷，汽车和以煤为基础的发电厂排放的污染物、建筑工地和道路上飘动的灰尘，以及邻国农作物秸秆燃烧产生的烟雾，都会形成浓雾。

庆祝印度排灯节的烟花爆竹随后到达，使德里现在成为世界上污染最严重的城市；以及第四段中的“Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.”在学校、学院、医院和市场上分发了数以百万计的防污口罩。

可知，政府尽管发誓解决这种污染，但情况不仅没有改变，反而更加严重，使得人们必须佩戴防毒口罩。

由此可判断出政府几乎没有保护其公民免受严重污染。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段“Hundredsofflightswerediverted,delayedandcanceledovertheweekendduetopoorvisibility,schoolsandofficeswereclosedMondayandofficialsrushedtotakeemergencymeasurestotrytoreversetheerodingairquality.Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.”周末期间，由于能见度低，数百架航班被迫改道、延误和取消，学校和办公室周一关闭，官员们紧急采取措施，试图扭转不断恶化的空气质量。

学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染口罩。

由此可知，由于污染严重，学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染口罩。

所以生产防污染口罩的厂家要加大生产，是不会抱怨的，故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第五段中的“NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutantsemittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdustfromconstructionsitesandroadsandsmokefromcropstubbleburninginneighboringstates.”本句是说新德里每年都笼罩在污染中。

因为天气变冷，从汽车和以煤为基础的发电厂“emitted”的污染物形成了厚厚的雾霾。

根据常识可知，汽车和用煤发电的发电厂会“排放或释放”污染物的。

由此可判断“emitted”是排放的意思。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文叙述了随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动，城市规模的扩大，印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。

虽然政府发誓解决污染问题，但周末的能见度低，数百架航班在周末改道、延误和取消，学校和办公室周一关闭，人们必须戴防污口罩，可知，新德里被严重的污染所笼罩。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是环保类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Imagineacatthatdoesnotneedsomeonetocleanupafteritkeepsanolderpersoncompanyandhelpsthemremembertotaketheirmedicine.ThatistheshareddreamofthetoymakerHasbroandscientistsatBrownUniversityinProvidence,RhodeIsland.Theresearchersreceiveda$3-million-dollarawardfromtheNationalScienceFoundationforaspecialproject.Theywanttofindwaystoaddartificialintelligence,orA.I.,toHasbro's“JoyforAll”robotic

   Thecathasalreadybeenforsalefortwoyears.Thoughpricedover1000dollars,itsoldquitewell.Itwasmeanttoactasa“companion”forolderpeople.Nowtheprojectisaimedatdevelopingadditionalabilitiesforthecat.ResearchersatBrown'sHumanity-CenteredRoboticsInitiativeareworkingtodecidewhichactivitiesolderadultsmayneedthemost.Theyhopetomakethecatperformasmallnumberofactivitiesverywell.Suchactivitiesincludefindinglostobjectsandremindingthepersontotakemedicineorvisittheirdoctor.Theyalsowanttokeepthecostdowntojustafewhundreddollars.

   ItisanideathathasappealedtoJeanneElliott.Her93-year-oldmotherMaryDerrliveswithherinSouthKingstown.Derrhasdementia（痴呆）.TheJoyforAllcatthatElliottboughtthisyearhasbecomeatruecompanionforDerr.ThecatstayswithDerrandkeepshercalmwhileElliottisatwork.Elliottsaidaroboticcatthathelpshermothertoremembertotakehermedicineandbecarefulwhenshewalkswouldbegreater.

   Theresearchersaretryingtolearnhowtheimprovedcatswillcompletehelpfulactivitiesandhowtheywillcommunicate.Theysaythattheydonotwantatalkingcat,however.Insteadtheyaretryingtodesignacatthatcanmoveitsheadinaspecialwaytosuccessfullycommunicateitsmessage.Intheend,theyhopetocreateanexchangebetweenthehumanandthecatinwhichthehumanfeelsthecatneedsthem.Bydoingso,theresearchershopethey