unit10ahorseandtwogoats.docx

unit10ahorseandtwogoats.docx

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unit10ahorseandtwogoats

Unit10Ahorseandtwogoats

Objectives

Topicsandfunctions

Talkingandaboutmeansofcommunication

Showingmeaningemotionsattitudesthroughbodylanguage

Playingoutastoryinadrama

1.Brainstorming

1.Expressionsforunderstanding/conveyingmessages:

understand,know,learn,acquire（knowledge,information）,haveanideaof,take/getthemessage,bewellinformedaboutsomething,get/putthemessageacross,makeoneselfunderstood,sth.dawnsonsomebody,somethingoccurstosomeone

2.Expressionsforfailuresofcommunication:

beconfusedabout...,getsb.wrong,beignorantaboutsomething,havemisconceptionsabout....,bepuzzling/puzzled,bemystifying/mystified

3.Expressionsforemotionalstates:

satisfied/dissatisfied,hospitable,hostile,enthusiastic,beembarrassed/embarrassing,depressed,low-spirited,moody,cheerful,delighted,overjoyed

4.Expressionsforbodylanguage:

nodding,winking,raiseone'seye-brows,stareatsomebody,eyecontact,avertone'seyesfromsomebody,poutone'slips,stickoutone'stongue,makeaface,wave,take...intoone'sarms,kisssomeoneonthecheek,his/hereyesspeakforherself....,acloudcrosseshis/herface....,beredintheface,blush,beam

5.Expressionsfordifferentiatingbetweenvariousmeanings:

meaning（s）,nuancesofmeaning,（fine）shadesofmeaning,telltheslightdifferencesbetween....,capturethedelicatemeaningof...,actionsspeaklouderthanwords

parttwo

TheText

Whatiscommunication

HowdopeoplecommunicateWorkingroupstonameasmanymediumsofcommunicationaspossible.Verbalcommunication（oral,written）Nonverbalcommunication

.signs,tonesofvoice,volume,speed,pausing,bodylanguages.facialexpression,eyemovementsuchaswinking,eyecontact,foottapping,cuppingtheear,foldingarms,proximity,positionofthebody,etc.）

FactorsinSuccessfulCommunication

1Knowledgeofeachother’sbackgroundinformation.,whoaretheyWherearetheyfrom）

2.Willingnessonbothpartiestonegotiatearesultfromtheconversation.,askingforclarification,offeringadditionalinformation,ormakingeffortsinvariousmeanssuchasbodylanguageofgestures,orfacialexpressions,etc.,tomakeone’smessageeasiertounderstand）

3.Beingresponsivetoeachother（contributingtherequiredinformationrelevanttotheconcernsoftheotherparty,notmore,notlessinquantity）

Workingroupstochoosefiveofthesituationslistedasfollowsandactthemoutbyusingnon-verbalcommunication:

cannothearyourfriend’svoice.

wantachildtocometoyourside.

3.Yousmellsomethingbadwhenyouenterthedormitory.

hasaskedyouaquestion,andyoudonotknowtheanswer.

wanttotellyourfriendthatthelectureisboring.

signaltoyourfriendwhoistalkingonthephonetolowerhis/hervoice.

begforsomemoneyfromyourfriend.

8.Yourfriendkeepstalkingtoyoubutyouarealreadyabitlateforclass.

wanttotellyourfriendthatyouhaveforgottentobringsomething.

wanttotellyourfriendthateverythingisOK.

Cross-culturalCommunication

Lookatthefollowingexamplesofbodylanguage.Dothemessagesconveyedbythemdifferamongdifferentcultures

1.Beckonwithindexfinger-“Comehere”in.butinsultinginmanycultures.theMiddleEast

2.Eyecontact-encouragedin.,butrudeinAsia

3.Sitwithsoleoffeetorshoesshowing-disrespectforothersinsomecultures.Japan

4.The“Ring”or“OK”gesture

-“ok”inmostculturesbutaninsultinGreeceand“money”inJapan

5.Nodone’shead-“no”insomepartsofIndia

Pre-readingDiscussion

WhatdoyouthinkmightcausemisunderstandingincommunicationListpossiblecauses.

language,culturalandpersonalbackgrounds,religion（lackofsharedinformation）,lackofmutualtrust（prejudice）,…HaveyoueverexperiencedsometroubleunderstandingorbeingunderstoodbyotherpeopleIfany,howdidyoutrytogetyourmeaningsacross

Questionsforskimming:

1.WhatarethefiveWsinthestory

（1）WhereAttheentranceofthesmallIndianvillageofKiritan.

（2）WhenAsummerafternoon.

（3）WhoAnoldlocalmanandanAmericantourist.

（4）WhatThetouristwantedtobuythehorse-shapestatuebutendedupbuyingtwogoatsfromtheoldman.

（5）WhyTheyfailedtounderstandeachotherduetolanguagebarrierandlackofsharedinformation.

2.Summarizethestory:

ThestoryisaboutanencounterbetweenanoldIndianvillagerandanAmericantourist,neitherofwhomunderstandtheother’slanguage.Asaresult,theAmerican’sintentionofbuyingthestatueofahorseismisunderstoodbytheIndianasanoffertobuyhistwogoats.

Questionsforclosecomprehension:

1.Whatwastheoldmandoingatthebeginningofthestory

Hewasdrowsingintheshadeofatreeandwatchingapairofgoatsgrazeinthepasture.

2.WhatdidtheoldmantaketheAmericantouristforatthebeginning

Theoldmantookthetouristforapoliceofficerfromthegovernment.

3.Whydidhethinkso

BecausethetouristworeinaKhaki-coloredshirtandshorts,likeapolicemaninuniform.

Amurderintheneighborhood.

4.HowdidtheAmericantouristtrytomakehimselfunderstood

Hetriedtoexplaineverythingatlength,utteringeachsyllablecarefully;

Hesmiledpolitelyeverynowandthen,tryingtobefriendly.

5.Whatwastheresult

Thosedidn’thelpatall;mutualmystificationandmisunderstandingcontinued.

6.SummarizethefirsthalfofthestoryfromthebeginningtoThen,heturnedtogo.

TheAmericantriedtostrikeaconversationaboutthestatueofthehorseheadmired,buttheoldmanmistookhimforapoliceofficerinvestigatingarecentmurderintheneighbourhood.

7.Whatwasspecialaboutthehorsestatueaccordingtotheoldman

Thehorsewasasacredimageandwouldappearasthetenthavatar,theRedeemer,attheendoftheYugatohelpthegoodandpunishtheevil.

8.Howdidtheoldmanunderstandthetourist’stakingoutaone-hundredrupeenote

Hethoughtthatthetouristwantedtochangethislargenote.

9.Whatdidhesuggestthetouristtodothen

Toturntothevillageheadman.

10.Whydidtheoldmanlookathisgoats

Thevillageheadmangoesmadwheneverheseestheoldmanandhistwogoats.

11.Whatdidthetouristdothen

Hestrokedthebacksofthegoatstopleasetheoldmanbyshowinganinterestinhispets.

12.Whatthoughtoccurredtotheoldman

Thethoughtthatthetouristinfactwantedtomakehimanofferforthegoats.

13.Whathadtheoldbeendreamingofallhislife

Hisdreamofalifetimewastosellthegoatsandopenasmallshopwiththecapitalgotfromtheselling.

14.WhatdidtheoldmanmeanbypointingatthewagonandwhatdidtheAmericantouristmeanbysaying“Yes,ofcourse”

Fortheoldman:

takingthegoatsawayinthewagon;Forthetourist:

takingthehorsestatueinthewagon.

15.Whydidthetouristsitdownwaitingaftertheoldmanleft

Hethoughttheoldmanmusthavegonetofetchsomehelp.

16.Summarizethesecondhalfofthestory.

Bothpartiestriedtoemploydifferentmeansofcommunicationtoworkouttheother’sintention.Butthemisunderstandingcontinuedandgotworse,finallyleadingtoahilariousendingwhentheAmericanwasleftalonewaitingwithtwogoats.

17.Howdoyouthinkthestorywillend

Culturalnotes

IndiaTamil.Tamil;orTamils

memberofaDravidianpeopleofsouthernIndiaandnorthernSriLanka.

泰米尔人一支居住在印度南部和斯里兰卡北部的德拉威人的成员

DravidianlanguageoftheTamil.

3.orrelatingtotheTamilortheirlanguageorculture.

religions

Christianity基督教Buddhism佛教Islam伊斯兰教Hinduismn.印度教

源于印度的最重要的宗教、哲学和文化习俗的一种复合体特征是信仰轮回和一种具有多种形态或性质的至高无上的神，还认为一切相反的理论都是一种永恒不变的真理的表现，并期望从世俗的罪恶中解脱出来

Brahma:

婆罗门创世主Hinduism【印度教】毗湿奴印度主要神灵之一，作为世界的保护和维持者受到崇拜。

印度教保护之神毗湿奴（Vishnu）,原来是吠陀太阳神之一,在印度教时代升格为维持宇宙秩序的主神。

传说毗湿奴躺在大蛇阿南塔盘绕如床的身上沉睡,在宇宙之海上漂浮。

每当宇宙循环的周期一“劫”（相当于人间43亿2千万年）之始,毗湿奴一觉醒来,从他的肚脐里长出的一朵莲花中诞生的梵天就开始创造世界,而一劫之末湿婆又毁灭世界。

毗湿奴反复沉睡、苏醒,宇宙不断循环、更新湿婆神印度教的主神之一，作为世界的毁灭者和重建者而被崇拜，它以各种互补的形象出现

avatar:

TheincarnationofaHindudeity,especiallyVishnu,inhumanoranimalform.降凡.指天神，尤指印度教毗湿奴神下凡为人或动物形象为了拯救世界、人类与诸神,毗湿奴10次化身降凡显圣,十化身包括：

1、灵鱼马特斯亚,洪水泛滥时拖曳"方舟",拯救了人类的始祖摩奴；

2、神龟库尔马,以龟背支撑曼陀罗山作为搅棒搅拌乳海,使诸神重获不死的甘露；

3、野猪瓦拉哈,从洪水深渊中拯救出沉溺的大地女神昔弥；

4、人狮那罗辛哈,把蔑视毗湿奴的魔王希兰亚卡西普撕成碎片；

5、侏儒瓦摩纳,又叫三步神,向魔王巴利要求三步地方,结果三步跨越天、空、地三界（隐喻太阳早、午、晚跨越宇宙空间）；

6、持斧罗摩,为了维护婆罗门至上的地位而惩治傲慢的刹帝利；

7、罗摩,即印度史诗<罗摩衍那）的主人公,在神猴哈奴曼（曾有人说是孙悟空的原型）协助下,战胜了楞伽岛（斯里兰卡）的十首魔王罗波那,夺回了被魔王劫持的妻子悉达公主；

8、克里希纳,马图拉地区的牧神和英雄,也是印度史诗<摩诃婆罗多）中阿周那王子的御者和军师；

9、佛陀,即佛教创始人释迦牟尼（佛陀降格为毗湿奴的化身之一,而且是诱导人误入歧途的化身,说明佛教在印度本土已走向衰微,被印度教吸收同化）；

10、白马卡尔基,在世界毁灭前夕,毗湿奴本人将骑着白马持剑而来,重建宇宙秩序。

TextOrganization

Firsthalfofthestory

TheAmericantriedtostrikeaconversationaboutthestatueofthehorseheadmired,buttheoldmanmistookhimforapoliceofficerinvestigatingarecentmurderintheneighbourhood.

Secondhalfofthestory

Bothpartiestriedtoemploydifferentmeansofcommunicationtoworkouttheother’sintention.Butthemisunderstandingcontinuedandgotworse,finallyleadingtoahilariousendingwhentheAmericanwasleftalonewaitingwithtwothingoats

StoryReproduction

Task1

WorkwithyourpartnertoactoutthedialoguebetweentheoldmanandtheAmericantourist.SupposebothofthemcanspeakEnglishandthenyouwillseehowcomicaltheirconversationis,usingthecluesonpage143.

Task2

TheAmericanandtheoldIndianmantalkedatcross-purposes,.theymisunderstoodandtalkedirrelevantlytoeachother.SupposeyouwerethesonordaughteroftheoldmanandunderstoodEnglish.Now,helpyourdadtocompletethefollowingdialogue（page144）sothatthetalkmakessense.

DifficultSentences

1.AttheentranceofthesmallIndianvillageofKiritan,therestoodamassiveg