step by step 3000 第三册 英语听力 Unit 5.docx

step by step 3000 第三册 英语听力 Unit 5.docx

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stepbystep3000第三册英语听力Unit5

Unit5NewExplorationsinFoodandMedicine

PartIWarmingup

A

Keywords:

trasplantsurgeon…移植外科医生chemotherapy…化疗glaucoma…青光眼Acupuncture…针刺

Vocabulary:

Parkinson’sdisease…帕金森氏病adrenalgland…肾上腺primarychannel…主通道Meridian…子午线crisscross…纵横交错anesthesia…麻醉implant…植入,移植qi/yang/yin（chinesemedicine）…（中药用语）气/阳/阴

A1

1.ThisnewsitemisaboutasuccessfulbraintissuetransplantcarriedoutbyaSouthAfricansurgeon.

2.Thisnewsitemisaboutthediscoveryofanewwaytoincreasetheeffectivenessofchemotherapy.

3.Thisnewsitemisaboutthediscoveryofanewwaytotreatglaucoma.

4.Thisnewsitemisaboutanewresearchonwritingwhichshowsthatwritingcanresultinclinicallymeaningfuloutcomes.

or

Thisnewsitemisaboutanewresearchonwritingwhichshowsthatwritingcanhelppeoplewithchronicillnessesimprovetheirhealth.

5.Thisnewsitemisaboutthetheoryandfunctionofacupuncture.

A2

1.ThesurgerywasperformedaweekagoonapatientsufferingfromParkinson'sdisease.

2.Theeffectivenessofchemotherapycanbeincreasedbyinhibitinganaturaldefensemechanismemployedbycancercells.

3.Glaucomainvolvesthedeathofbraincells.

4.Thestudyaddstothegrowingamountofscientificliteraturesuggestingthatmeetingpatients’psychologicalneedsproducesphysicalhealthbenefits.

5.Oneofthekeybenefitsofacupunctureisthatithasfewside-effectsandthatwhenusedwithstandarddrugtreatmentitallowsphysicianstocutbackonmedication.

Tapescripts:

1.Theworld'sleadingtransplantsurgeon,DrChristopherBernard,hascarriedoutoneofthemostdifficultbraintissuetransplantsyetattempted.TheSouthAfricansurgeonhassucceededintransplantingtissuesintothehumanbraininwhatisthoughttobethefirstoperationofitskind.ThesurgerywasperformedaweekagoonapatientsufferingfromParkinson'sdisease.Aportionofthepatient'sadrenalglandwasimplantedintoapartofthepatient'sbrain,anoperationwhichhaspreviouslybeenperformedonlyonratsandmonkeys.

2.Approximatelya-thirdofallpeopledevelopcanceratonepointintheirlives.Chemotherapyhasitslimitations,butitisoneofthemajortreatmentoptions.SomeAmericanscientistshavediscoveredtheycanincreasetheeffectivenessofchemotherapybyinhibitinganaturaldefensemechanismemployedbycancercells.

3.Glaucomaisresponsibleforblindnessinanestimated67millionpeoplearoundtheworld.Untilnow,treatmentshavefocusedexclusivelyontheeyes.Butthatmaychangeinthenextfewyears,followingthediscoverythatglaucomainvolvesthedeathofbraincells.

4.Newresearchshowsthatthesimpleactofwritingdownthoughtsaboutastressfuleventcanhelppeoplewithchronicillnessesimprovetheirhealth.Thisisthefirststudytoshowthatwritingcanresultinclinicallymeaningfuloutcomesforchronically-illpatients.Thestudyaddstothegrowingamountofscientificliteraturesuggestingthatmeetingpatients'psychologicalneedsproducesphysicalhealthbenefits.

5.TraditionalChinesemedicinesaysthatgoodhealthisassociatedwiththebalanceofqi.Qicanbehinderedorhelpedbyyangandyin.Accordingtotraditionaltheory,thegoalofacupunctureistopromotetheflowofqibykeepingyinandyanginbalance-andthisisdonebyinsertingneedlesatvariouspointsalongprimarychannelsandmeridiansthatcrisscrossthebody.Oneofthekeybenefitsofacupunctureisthatithasfew,ifany,side-effects;andthatwhenusedwithstandarddrugtreatment--inanesthesia,forexampleitallowsphysicianstocutbackonmedication,deliveringthesamelevelofbenefitwithfewernegativeeffects.

B

keywords:

geneticallymodifiedorganism（GMO）…转基因生物

geneticengineering（GE）…基因工程organnic…有机的

transgenicorganisms…转基因生物

pharming…利用改变了基因的牛、羊、猪生产药物

Frankenstein弗兰肯斯泰因（anycreationthatendsupdestroyingthecreator）

Vocabulary:

pest…有害生物，害虫；有害植物；令人讨厌之物pun…双关语

pharmaceutical药学的,制药的

Subhuman…近似人类的

Tapescripts:

l.GMO&GE

Basically,geneticmodificationiswhenascientistremovesagenethatcarriesparticularinstructionsforaparticularcharacteristicfromtheDNAofoneorganismandinsertsthatgeneintotheDNAofanother（sometimesverydifferent）organism.TheresultiscalledageneticallymodifiedorganismorGMO.ThistechnologyisalsoreferredtogenerallyasgeneticengineeringorGE.

2.Organic,Semi-organic

Organicgenerallyreferstofarmingusingnoartificialfertilizersorpestcontrolchemicals,andthefoodproducedbythisfarmingmethod.Semi-organicmeansfarmingusingaslittleartificialfertilizers,etc.aspossible."Semi"means"half."

3.Transgenicorganisms

Transgenicorganismsarecreatedwhenashortsectionofgeneticmaterialfromanunrelatedspeciesisintroducedintoanotherspecies,forexample,animalgenestoaplant."Trans"means"goingacross."

4.Pharming

Apunonthewordforfarming.Itmeansusingfarmanimalssuchascows,goatsandpigsthathavebeengeneticallychangedtoproducepharmaceuticaldrugs.Pharmingbeginningwitha"ph"ispronouncedthesameasfarmingbeginningwithan“f.”.

5.Frankenstein

FrankensteinreferstothenovelofthatnamebyMaryWollstonecraftShelley（1797-1851）.Thenovelisaboutascientistwhocreatesasubhumancreaturethatendsupdestroyinghim.SoFrankensteinmeansany"creationthatendsupdestroyingthecreator."

PartIIEatingrightforgoodhealth

A

Keywords:

superfoods超级食品powerfulchemicals效力大的化学物质

phytochemicals植物化学物质herbs草药soy黄豆

cruciferousvegetablefamily十字花科蔬菜家族Omega3欧米加3

Vocabulary:

vibrantly充满活力地dietician营养师,饮食学家rosemary迷迭香

thyme百里香turmeric姜黄anti-inflammatory消炎colon结肠

rectal直肠Brusselssprouts球芽甘蓝cruciferous十字花科

lycopene番茄红素prostate前列腺citrus柑橘

limonoids柠檬苦素类化合物phenol苯酚cantaloupe哈密瓜

carotenoids类胡萝卜素flavonoid类黄酮ellagicacid鞣花酸

antioxidant抗氧化剂toxicity毒性flaxseed亚麻籽fattyacid脂肪酸osteoprosis骨质疏松shallot亚实基隆葱，青葱eukemia白血病

A1Namesofsuperfoods：

1.D2.B3.A4.I5.F6.G7.H8.E9.C

A2

1.Afewexamplesofsuperfoods:

tomatoes,onions,garlic,oliveoil…

B.PropertiesofSuperfoods:

Packedwithpowerfulchemicals（phytochemicals）toprotectone’sbodyagainstchronicdiseases

C.Whatoneshouldeateachweekforoptimalhealth:

1.herbs:

a.rosemaryb.thyme

2.intenselycoloredspice

a.tumeric:

anti-inflamatory/reduceriskofleukemia,skinandlivercancers

b.redpeppers:

anti-inflamatory/reduceriskofcolon,stomachandrectalcancers

3.cruciferousvegitablefamily:

anticancer/favorableeffectonhormonemetabolsim

a.Brusselssprouts

b.cabbage

c.broccoli

d.cauliflower

4.tomatoes:

bestsourceoflycopene/anti-cancer/prostate,lungandbreastcancer

5.Fruits

a.citrus:

inactivecancercells/strengthenimmunesystem

b.cantaloupes,mangosandcarrots:

cancerfightingcarotenoids

c.berriesantioxidantsagainstcancer,ulcersandviruses

6.organicfruitsandveggies

a.lowerlevelsofpesticide

b.higherphytochemicalcontent

7.fattyfishorflaxseed:

Omega3fattyacidsinhibitgrowthofcancercellsandboostimmunesystem

8.oliveoil:

reducebreast,prostateandcoloncancer

9.soy:

protectiveeffectsforheartdiseaseandosteoporosis

10.onions,garlicandshallots:

protectheartfightcancerandhelpwithasthma

Tapescript:

InnorthbeachinSanFrancisco,wheresomeprettysuperfoodgetsservedeverynight.

“Absolutelyverysuperfood!

”“AndIreallylikethetasteofit.”

Butwearenotjusttalkingabouttaste.Researchnowshowssomefoods,includingtomatoes,onions,garlic,andoliveoil—areamongthesuperfoods.Superfoodsarepackedwithpowerfulchemicalsthatmayofferyourbodygreatprotectionagainstchronicdisease—

“Includingcancer,obesity,andheartdisease.Vibrantlycoloredred,yellow,orangeandgreenallgivingyoudifferenttypesofphytochemicals（植物化学物质）!

”

NatalieLedesmaisaregistereddieticianatU.C.S.F.Shesayscompoundsfoundinsuperfoods—calledphytochemicals—canreducetheriskofcancer,boosttheimmunesystem,andprotecttheheart.Sheshoweduswhateveryoneshouldtrytoeateachweekforoptimalhealth.

Onhershoppinglist?

Herbs!

“Darkgreenones（herbs）,likerosemary（迷迭香）andthyme（百里香），andanyintenselycoloredspice,Liketurmeric（姜黄）orredpepper.”

“Bothofthosehaveanti-inflammationproperties.”

TurmericmayreducetheriskofLeukemia（白血病），skinandlivercancers.Hotpeppersmayreducetheriskofcolon（结肠）,stomach,andrectal（直肠）cancers.Alsoonthelist:

greenveggies（vegetables）,butnotanygreenveggy.

Brusselsproutsarepartofthecruciferous（十字花科的）vegetablefamilythathassignificantanti-cancerproperties,andthatfamilyalsohasaveryfavorableeffectonhormonemetabolisms.”

Othercruciferousveggiesincludecabbage,broccoli,andcauliflower.Anddon’tforgetthetomato.

“Itisprobablythebestsourceoflycopene（番茄红素），whichisoneofthephytochemicalsthathasshownsignificantanticancerproperties,especiallywithprostateandpotentiallylungandbreastcanceraswell.”

Asforfruit,citrus（柠檬，柑桔）containsVitaminC,limonoids（柠檬苦素类化合物）,andphenols（酚类）,whichinactivatecancercellsandstrengthentheimmunesystem.Cantaloupes,mangos,andcarrotscontaincancerfightingcarotenoids（类胡萝卜素）.Andberries（浆果和某些干果仁）areburstingwithflavonoidsandellagicacid—antioxidantsthatprotectagainstcancer,ulcers,andviruses.Natalierecommendsorganic.

“Organicfruitsandvegetableshaveshownnotonlytohavelowerpesticidetoxicitiesandlowerpesticidelevels,butalsonowhavebeenshowntohavehigherphytochemicalcontent.”

Don’tforget