step by step 3000 第三册 英语听力 Unit 5.docx

1、step by step 3000 第三册 英语听力 Unit 5Unit 5 New Explorations in Food and MedicinePart I Warming upA Key words: trasplant surgeon移植外科医生 chemotherapy化疗 glaucoma青光眼 Acupuncture针刺 Vocabulary:Parkinsons disease帕金森氏病 adrenal gland肾上腺 primary channel主通道 Meridian子午线 crisscross纵横交错 anesthesia麻醉 implant植入,移植 qi /

2、 yang /yin (chinese medicine )(中药用语）气 / 阳 / 阴A11. This news item is about a successful brain tissue transplant carried out by a South African surgeon.2. This news item is about the discovery of a new way to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy.3. This news item is about the discovery of a new

3、way to treat glaucoma.4. This news item is about a new research on writing which shows that writing can result in clinically meaningful outcomes. orThis news item is about a new research on writing which shows that writing can help people with chronic illnesses improve their health.5. This news item

4、 is about the theory and function of acupuncture.A21. The surgery was performed a week ago on a patient suffering from Parkinsons disease.2. The effectiveness of chemotherapy can be increased by inhibiting a natural defense mechanism employed by cancer cells.3. Glaucoma involves the death of brain c

5、ells.4. The study adds to the growing amount of scientific literature suggesting that meeting patients psychological needs produces physical health benefits.5. One of the key benefits of acupuncture is that it has few side-effects and that when used with standard drug treatment it allows physicians

6、to cut back on medication.Tapescripts:1. The worlds leading transplant surgeon, Dr Christopher Bernard, has carried out one of the most difficult brain tissue transplants yet attempted. The South African surgeon has succeeded in transplanting tissues into the human brain in what is thought to be the

7、 first operation of its kind. The surgery was performed a week ago on a patient suffering from Parkinsons disease. A portion of the patients adrenal gland was implanted into a part of the patients brain, an operation which has previously been performed only on rats and monkeys.2. Approximately a-thi

8、rd of all people develop cancer at one point in their lives. Chemotherapy has its limitations, but it is one of the major treatment options. Some American scientists have discovered they can increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy by inhibiting a natural defense mechanism employed by cancer cells

9、.3. Glaucoma is responsible for blindness in an estimated 67 million people around the world. Until now, treatments have focused exclusively on the eyes. But that may change in the next few years, following the discovery that glaucoma involves the death of brain cells.4. New research shows that the

10、simple act of writing down thoughts about a stressful event can help people with chronic illnesses improve their health. This is the first study to show that writing can result in clinically meaningful outcomes for chronically-ill patients. The study adds to the growing amount of scientific literatu

11、re suggesting that meeting patients psychological needs produces physical health benefits.5. Traditional Chinese medicine says that good health is associated with the balance of qi. Qi can be hindered or helped by yang and yin. According to traditional theory, the goal of acupuncture is to promote t

12、he flow of qi by keeping yin and yang in balance- and this is done by inserting needles at various points along primary channels and meridians that crisscross the body. One of the key benefits of acupuncture is that it has few, if any, side-effects; and that when used with standard drug treatment -i

13、n anesthesia, for example it allows physicians to cut back on medication, delivering the same level of benefit with fewer negative effects.Bkey words:genetically modified organism (GMO ) 转基因生物genetic engineering ( GE ) 基因工程 organnic有机的transgenic organisms 转基因生物 pharming 利用改变了基因的牛、羊、猪生产药物Frankenstein

14、 弗兰肯斯泰因（any creation that ends up destroying the creator）Vocabulary: pest 有害生物，害虫；有害植物； 令人讨厌之物 pun双关语 pharmaceutical 药学的, 制药的Subhuman近似人类的Tapescripts:l. GMO & GEBasically, genetic modification is when a scientist removes a gene that carries particular instructions for a particular characteristic fro

15、m the DNA of one organism and inserts that gene into the DNA of another (sometimes very different) organism. The result is called a genetically modified organism or GMO. This technology is also referred to generally as genetic engineering or GE.2. Organic, Semi-organicOrganic generally refers to far

16、ming using no artificial fertilizers or pest control chemicals, and the food produced by this farming method. Semi-organic means farming using as little artificial fertilizers, etc. as possible. Semi means half. 3. Transgenic organismsTransgenic organisms are created when a short section of genetic

17、material from an unrelated species is introduced into another species, for example, animal genes to a plant. Trans means going across. 4. PharmingA pun on the word for farming. It means using farm animals such as cows, goats and pigs that have been genetically changed to produce pharmaceutical drugs

18、. Pharming beginning with a ph is pronounced the same as farming beginning with an “f.”.5. FrankensteinFrankenstein refers to the novel of that name by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (1797- 1851). The novel is about a scientist who creates a subhuman creature that ends up destroying him. So Frankenstei

19、n means any creation that ends up destroying the creator.Part II Eating right for good healthA Key words:superfoods 超级食品 powerful chemicals 效力大的化学物质 phytochemicals 植物化学物质 herbs 草药 soy 黄豆 cruciferous vegetable family 十字花科蔬菜家族 Omega 3 欧米加3 Vocabulary:vibrantly 充满活力地 dietician 营养师,饮食学家 rosemary 迷迭香 thy

20、me百里香 turmeric 姜黄 anti-inflammatory 消炎 colon 结肠 rectal 直肠 Brussels sprouts球芽甘蓝 cruciferous 十字花科 lycopene 番茄红素 prostate 前列腺 citrus柑橘 limonoids 柠檬苦素类化合物 phenol 苯酚 cantaloupe哈密瓜 carotenoids 类胡萝卜素 flavonoid 类黄酮 ellagic acid 鞣花酸 antioxidant 抗氧化剂 toxicity 毒性 flaxseed 亚麻籽 fatty acid 脂肪酸 osteoprosis 骨质疏松 sh

21、allot 亚实基隆葱，青葱 eukemia 白血病 A1 Names of superfoods：1. D 2. B 3. A 4. I 5. F 6. G 7. H 8. E 9. C A2 1. A few examples of superfoods: tomatoes, onions, garlic, olive oil B. Properties of Superfoods: Packed with powerful chemicals (phytochemicals) to protect ones body against chronic diseasesC. What one

22、 should eat each week for optimal health: 1. herbs: a. rosemary b. thyme 2. intensely colored spice a. tumeric: anti-inflamatory / reduce risk of leukemia, skin and liver cancers b. red peppers: anti-inflamatory / reduce risk of colon, stomach and rectal cancers 3. cruciferous vegitable family: anti

23、cancer / favorable effect on hormone metabolsim a. Brussels sprouts b. cabbage c. broccoli d. cauliflower 4. tomatoes: best source of lycopene / anti-cancer / prostate, lung and breast cancer 5. Fruits a. citrus: inactive cancer cells / strengthen immune system b. cantaloupes, mangos and carrots: ca

24、ncer fighting carotenoids c. berries antioxidants against cancer, ulcers and viruses6. organic fruits and veggies a. lower levels of pesticide b. higher phytochemical content7. fatty fish or flaxseed: Omega 3 fatty acids inhibit growth of cancer cells and boost immune system8. olive oil: reduce brea

25、st, prostate and colon cancer9. soy: protective effects for heart disease and osteoporosis10. onions, garlic and shallots: protect heart fight cancer and help with asthma Tapescript:In north beach in San Francisco, where some pretty super food gets served every night.“Absolutely very super food!” “A

26、nd I really like the taste of it.”But we are not just talking about taste. Research now shows some foods, including tomatoes, onions, garlic, and olive oil are among the super foods. Super foods are packed with powerful chemicals that may offer your body great protection against chronic disease “Inc

27、luding cancer, obesity, and heart disease. Vibrantly colored red, yellow, orange and green all giving you different types of phytochemicals(植物化学物质)!”Natalie Ledesma is a registered dietician at U.C.S.F. She says compounds found in super foods called phytochemicals can reduce the risk of cancer, boos

28、t the immune system, and protect the heart. She showed us what everyone should try to eat each week for optimal health.On her shoppinglist? Herbs!“Dark green ones (herbs), like rosemary(迷迭香) and thyme(百里香)，and any intensely colored spice, Like turmeric(姜黄) or red pepper.”“Both of those have anti-inf

29、lammation properties.”Turmeric may reduce the risk of Leukemia(白血病)，skin and liver cancers. Hot peppers may reduce the risk of colon(结肠), stomach, and rectal(直肠) cancers. Also on the list: green veggies(vegetables), but not any green veggy.Brussel sprouts are part of the cruciferous(十字花科的) vegetable

30、 family that has significant anti-cancer properties, and that family also has a very favorable effect on hormone metabolisms.”Other cruciferous veggies include cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower. And dont forget the tomato.“It is probably the best source of lycopene(番茄红素)， which is one of the phytoc

31、hemicals that has shown significant anticancer properties, especially with prostate and potentially lung and breast cancer as well.”As for fruit, citrus(柠檬，柑桔) contains Vitamin C, limonoids(柠檬苦素类化合物), and phenols(酚类), which inactivate cancer cells and strengthen the immune system. Cantaloupes, mango

32、s, and carrots contain cancer fighting carotenoids(类胡萝卜素). And berries(浆果和某些干果仁) are bursting with flavonoids and ellagic acid antioxidants that protect against cancer, ulcers, and viruses. Natalie recommends organic.“Organic fruits and vegetables have shown not only to have lower pesticide toxicities and lower pesticide levels, but also now have been shown to have higher phytochemical content.”Dont forget