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写作文档
写作
一.评分标准
1.本题满分为15分。
2.阅卷标准共分五等:
2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。
各有标准样卷一至二份。
3.阅卷人员根据阅卷标准,对照样卷(rangefinder)评分,若认为与某一份数(如8分)相似,即定为该分数(即8分);若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数,即可加一分(即9分)或减一分(即7分),但不得加或减半分。
1.评分标准:
2分……条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或在部分句子均有错误,且多数为严重错误。
5分……基本切题。
表达思想不清楚,连贯性差。
有较多的严重语言错误。
8分……基本切题。
有些地方表达思想不够清楚,文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多,其中有一些是严重错误。
11分……切题。
表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误。
14分……切题。
表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性好。
基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错误。
[注:
白卷,作文与题目毫不相关,或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分。
]累记字数按照CET4100-119100-10990-9980-8970-79少于69酌情扣分。
写作的过程
二.如何提高写作分数
1.切题---审题/读图表/理解材料
2.包含提纲要点(注意无提纲写作)
3.语段层次和连贯
That’sinjunior,whenMyfirstlovehadbeenfalse.Itmademealowemotionsothatmystudybringdownquickly.Untilthatday,myheadmastertalkedwithmemanymanythings.Shetoldme:
Thefailureisthemotherofsuccess.WhatcanIdoforthesocietyinthefutureandhowtomeettheloveandsoforth.
因果关系:
…andso…;anotherimportantfactor/reason…;asaconsequence;asaresult;as;because;becauseof;beingthat;consequently;dueto;forthereasonthat;forthesamereason;for;hence;forthisreason;inconsequence;inthat…;inviewof;owingto;since;so;…sothat…;thereasonseemsobvious;thereareabout…;therefore;thus;obviously;evidently
并列关系:
and;also;aswellas;both…and…;either…or…;neither…nor…;notonly…butalso…;inthesameway;too
序列关系:
first…,second…,third…,andsoforth;A…,B…,C…,andsoforth;next;then;followingthis;atthesametime;now;atthispoint;after;afterwards;subsequently;finally;previously;beforethis;simultaneously;concurrently;thus;therefore;hence;next;andthen;soon
递进关系:
accordingly;asapopularsayinggoes…;asfaras…isconcerned;atthesametime;besides;even;further;furthermore;inaddition;inorderto…;inotherwords;inthefirstplace…,inthesecondplace…;inthisway;meanwhile;moreover;notonly…,butalso…;not…but…;lastly;foronething…,foranother…
转折关系:
yet;but;unless;despitethat;inspiteof;though;although;althoughthismaybetrue;evenso;eventhough;however;sometimes;onceinawhile;independentof;recklessof;regardlessof
时空关系:
afterwards;assoonas;atleast;before;eventually;every;first;firstofall;firstandforemost;forastart;meanwhile;inthemeantime;while;now;next;not…until;later;formerly;previously;priorto;sincethen;since;subsequently;till;tobeginwith;tostartwith;when;then
条件关系:
aslongas;evenif;eventhough;ifitnecessary;ifnotall;ifpossible;ifso;if;lest;once;providedthat;unless
重复关系:
inbrief;asIhavesaid;asIhavenoted;ashasbeennoted;asismentionedabove
比较关系:
apartfrom;bythesametoken;comparedwith;incomparisonwith;inthesamevein;like;likewise;ratherthan;similarly;similarlyimportant;equally;whencomparedwith;wheninfact…
对比关系:
afterall;asopposedto;balancedagainst;upagainst;visavis;where;conversely;ontheonehand…ontheotherhand…;contraryto;converselyunlike;differentfromthis;however;incontrast;nevertheless;onthecontrary;opposeto;whereas;while
举例关系:
agoodexamplewouldbe;forexample;forinstance;inthiscase;inanothercase;onthisoccasion;inthissituation;takethecaseof;todemonstrate;toillustrate;accordingto;asanillustration;asfor;asregards;asto;inparticular;including;namely;notably;suchas;like;take…asanexample;youmaysay
总结关系:
accordingly;altogether;asaresult;consequently;hence;inoneword;inbrief;inshort;inotherwords;insummary;onthewhole;inconclusion;overall;theconclusioncanbesafelydrawnthat…;therefore;toconclude;tosumup;summingup;asIhaveshown;asIhavesaid;hence;allinall
强调关系:
definitely;extremely;obviously;absolutely;positively;naturally;surprisingly;always;forever;perennially;eternally;emphatically;never;unquestionably;withoutadoubt;certainly;surely;undeniably;withoutreservation;believeitornot;especially;particularly;inparticular;specifically;infact;asamatteroffact;actually;indeed;moreover;nottomention…;whatismoreimportant;notably;thatis.
顺带插入:
tobefrank/franklyspeaking,needlesstosay,generallyspeaking,inonesense/inaway/tosomedegree/tosomeextent,believeitornot,等
4.语句结构(Chinglish)和言之有物
学生会:
studentconference(meet/body/united/company/unit/family/party/congress/hui)
毛主席:
ChairMao
教他们口语:
teachthemmouthlanguage
你心动乐吗?
Doyourmindshake?
世界杯啦啦队:
weneedstudentstomakeaLa-Lateamintheworldcup
Oh,no!
oneoftheteacherslookssouglythatIaminnomoodwriting.Shemaynothaveaboyfriendbecauseofherbadtemper.Iwillpassthecetifonlythereareallgoodteachersinclassroom.
5.词汇准确和多样性
Let’smarryourteachers.Allteachersmarrytogether.
Theteacherlikemymother.
6.语法
7.写作修辞
IfIwereaflower,youmustbeapersonwritingflowers.
IfIwereablackday,youmustbealightofbrightness.
IfIwasabird,youmustbeair,makingmefly.
三.写作体裁和题材
1.提纲作文
2.图画作文
3.图标作文
4.读后感作文
5.书信体和演讲类
题材:
立志(成功/成才):
succeed,achievesuccess,sparenoefforts/painstodo(不遗余力去做某事),makegreateffort,bepersistentwithsth./dowithfullpersistence(坚持不懈地做某事),feartolose(害怕失败),tryeverymeanstostayontop(尽一切努力取得成功),motive(动机),ambition(抱负),prominent(杰出的),rankthetop(名列前茅),versatile(多才多艺的),individualself-realization(自我实现),standupto/withstandchallengesanddifficulties(经得住挑战与困难)
经济:
economy,finance,commerce/commercial,economicglobalization(经济全球化),sustainabledevelopment(可持续发展),unfaircompetition(不正当竞争),promotesales(促销),fakeandinferiorproduct(假冒伪劣产品),crackdownonfakecommodities(打假),boom(繁荣),purchasingpower(购买力),management(管理),fiercecompetition(激烈竞争),after-saleservice(售后服务),bread–and–butterissue(生计问题),enterpriseimage(企业形象),retail(零售),creditcrisis(信用危机),stabilizeprices(稳定物价),brandeffect(品牌效应),popularpastime(流行的消遣方式)
文化:
cultureandcivilization(文化和文明),greatandprofound(博大精深的),diversity(多样性),integrationandinteraction(融合交汇),crash(碰撞),original(原创原始的),minority(少数民族),revealing(有启发的),charming(极具魅力的),splendid(壮丽辉煌的),erotic(色情的),talkshow(谈话节目),Englishfever(英语热)
环保:
environment-friendly(生态型的,环保的),conservenaturalhabitats(保护生存环境),pollute/contaminate(污染),naturalresources(自然资源),energyconservationandenvironmentalprotection(节能环保),biodiversity(生物多样性),extinction(灭绝),threatofglobalwarming(全球变暖的威胁),promotefundamentalshiftsintheeconomicsystemandmodeofeconomicgrowth(促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变),bringaboutharmonyofeconomicreturnsandcontributiontosocietyandenvironmentalprotection(实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一),impactonthequalityofthewaterandtheair(对水质和空气质量的影响),curbenvironmentalpollution/bringthepollutionundercontrol(治理环境污染),developrenewableresources(开发可再生资源),alow-carboneconomy(低碳经济),environmentalawareness(环境意识)
科技:
scienceandtechnology(科学技术),web-addiction(沉迷网络),computercrime(电脑犯罪),e-commerce(电子商务),virtuallife(虚拟生活),informationera(信息时代),cyberromance(网恋),surftheInternet(网上冲浪)
就业:
jobmarket(就业市场),resume(简历),jobhunter/seeker(求职者),employmentpressure(就业压力),employer(招聘方),employee(应聘者),applicant(申请人),positionavailable/vacantposition(空缺职位),candidate(人选),competent(能胜任的),bequalifiedfor(合格的),proficiency(熟练程度),collegeexpansionofenrollment,(大学扩招),contradictionbetweensupplyanddemand(供求关系矛盾),notinlinewithspeciality(与专业不符),jobarrangementandbenefit(工作待遇和福利),promotion(晋升),gender-biased(性别歧视的),appearance-biased(相貌歧视的)
大学生活/教育:
innovativelearning(创新学习),highereducation(高等教育),drop-out(辍学),fakecertificate/diploma(假毕业证/文凭),thecrazeforgraduateschool(考研热),cultivate(培养),poverty-strickenstudents(贫困学生),faculty(全体教员),furtherone’sstudy(深造),qualityeducation(素质教育),teacher-centered,(以教师为中心)student-centered,(以学生为中心),campusdigitalization(校园数字化),fosterabilities(培养能力),relievetheburdenonstudents(减轻学生负担),beoccupiedwithsomuchschoolwork(忙于功课),college,university,studentsunion(学生会),undergraduateassociation(研究生会),extracurricular(课余的),developpersonalspecialities(发展个人特长),placeemphasison(以…为重心),comprehensive(全面的,广泛的),practicalcapability(实际能力),duck-stuffing(填鸭式),diplomacraze(文凭热),demanding(要求高的),rigid(严格的),scholarship(奖学金),potential(潜在的,潜力),educationalreform(教学改革),academic(学术的),part-time(兼职的),tutor(做家教)
社会现象:
phenomenon(现象),issue(争议,焦点),enlightening(富有启发的),causealarmandattention(引起了警惕和重视),corruptpeople’smind(腐化心灵),immoralbehaviors(不道德的行为),atthecostof(以…为代价),humanrelations(人际关系),setgoodexamplefor(为…树立榜样),dedicate(做贡献),takeaction(采取行动),ensureimplementingactivities(确保执行),imposepunishmentonthem(施加处罚),aggravatetheseriousnessof…(使之恶化),commitcrime(犯罪),vulnerable(易诱惑的,易受影响的),criteriaofevaluation(衡量标准),besupposedto(应该)
人物特征、情感描写:
strong-minded(坚强的),industrious(勤奋的),harmonious(和谐的),cooperative(合作的),self-centered(以自我为中心的),promising(有前途的),dynamic(有生气的),responsible(有责任心的),influential(有影响力的),profound(渊博精深的),devoted(忠实的,投入的),generous(慷慨的),critical(吹毛求疵),warm-hearted(热心的),gratitude(n.感激),awkward(尴尬的),hospitality(n.热情好客),appreciate(v.感激,感谢),apologize(v.道歉),enthusiastic(热情的)