James Legge.docx

James Legge.docx

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JamesLegge

THECONFUCIANANALECTS

BOOKIXUEER

1.1TheMastersaid,“Isitnotpleasanttolearnwithaconstantperseveranceandapplication?

Isitnotpleasanttohavefriendscomingfromdistantquarters?

’Ishenotamanofcompletevirtue,whofeelsnodiscomposurethoughmenmaytakenonoteofhim?

”

1.2ThephilosopherYousaid,“Theyarefewwho,beingfilialandfraternal,arefondofoffendingagainsttheirsuperiors.Therehavebeennone,who,notlikingtooffendagainsttheirsuperiors,havebeenfondofstirringupconfusion.Thesuperiormanbendshisattentiontowhatisradical.Thatbeingestablished,allpracticalcoursesnaturallygrowup.Filialpietyandfraternalsubmission!

—Aretheynottherootofallbenevolentactions?

”

1.3TheMastersaid,“Finewordsandaninsinuatingappearanceareseldomassociatedwithtruevirtue.”

1.4ThephilosopherTsangsaid,“Idailyexaminemyselfonthreepoints:

—whether,intransactingbusinessforothers,Imayhavebeennotfaithful;—whether,inintercoursewithfriends,Imayhavebeennotsincere;—whetherImayhavenotmasteredandpractisedtheinstructionsofmyteacher.”

1.5TheMastersaid,“Toruleacountryofathousandchariots,theremustbereverentattentiontobusiness,andsincerity;economyinexpenditure,andloveformen;andtheemploymentofthepeopleattheproperseasons.”

1.6TheMastersaid,“Ayouth,whenathome,shouldbefilial,and,abroad,respectfultohiselders.Heshouldbeearnestandtruthful.Heshouldoverflowinlovetoall,andcultivatethefriendshipofthegood.Whenhehastimeandopportunity,aftertheperformanceofthesethings,heshouldemploytheminpolitestudies.”

1.7Zixiasaid,“Ifamanwithdrawshismindfromtheloveofbeauty,andappliesitassincerelytotheloveofthevirtuous;if,inservinghisparents,hecanexerthisutmoststrength;if,inservinghisprince,hecandevotehislife;if,inhisintercoursewithhisfriends,hiswordsaresincere:

—althoughmensaythathehasnotlearned,Iwillcertainlysaythathehas.”

1.8TheMastersaid,“Ifthescholarbenotgrave,hewillnotcallforthanyveneration,andhislearningwillnotbesolid.Holdfaithfulnessandsincerityasfirstprinciples.Havenofriendsnotequaltoyourself.Whenyouhavefaults,donotfeartoabandonthem.”

1.9ThephilosopherZengsaid,“Lettherebeacarefulattentiontoperformthefuneralritestoparents,andletthembefollowedwhenlonggonewiththeceremoniesofsacrifice;thenthevirtueofthepeoplewillresumeitsproperexcellence.”

1.10ZiqinaskedZigong,saying,“Whenourmastercomestoanycountry,hedoesnotfailtolearnallaboutitsgovernment.Doesheaskhisinformation,orisitgiventohim?

”Zigongsaid,“Ourmasterisbenign,upright,courteous,temperate,andcomplaisant,andthushegetshisinformation.Themaster’smodeofaskinginformation!

—isitnotdifferentfromthatofothermen?

”

1.11TheMastersaid,“Whileaman’sfatherisalive,lookatthebentofhiswill;whenhisfatherisdead,lookathisconduct.Ifforthreeyearshedoesnotalterfromthewayofhisfather,hemaybecalledfilial.”

1.12ThephilosopherYusaid,“Inpractisingtherulesofpropriety,appropriatenessistobeprized.Inthewaysprescribedbytheancientkings,thisistheexcellentquality,andinthingssmallandgreatwefollowthem.Yetitisnottobeobservedinallcases.Ifone,knowinghowsuchappropriatenessshouldbeprized,manifestsit,withoutregulatingitbytherulesofpropriety,thislikewiseisnottobedone.”

1.13ThephilosopherYousaid,“Whenagreementsaremadeaccordingtowhatisright,whatisspokencanbemadegood.Whenrespectisshownaccordingtowhatisproper,onekeepsfarfromshameanddisgrace.Whenthepartiesuponwhomamanleansareproperpersonstobeintimatewith,hecanmakethemhisguidesandmasters.”

1.14TheMastersaid,“Hewhoaimstobeamanofcompletevirtueinhisfooddoesnotseektogratifyhisappetite,norinhisdwelling-placedoesheseektheappliancesofease;heisearnestinwhatheisdoing,andcarefulinhisspeech;hefrequentsthecompanyofmenofprinciplethathemayberectified:

—suchapersonmaybesaidindeedtolovetolearn.”

1.15Zigongsaid,“Whatdoyoupronounceconcerningthepoormanwhoyetdoesnotflatter,andtherichmanwhoisnotproud?

”TheMasterreplied,“Theywilldo;buttheyarenotequaltohim,who,thoughpoor,isyetcheerful,andtohim,who,thoughrich,lovestherulesofpropriety.”Zigongreplied,“ItissaidintheBookofPoetry,‘Asyoucutandthenfile,asyoucarveandthenpolish.’—Themeaningisthesame,Iapprehend,asthatwhichyouhavejustexpressed.”TheMastersaid,“WithonelikeCiIcanbegintotalkabouttheOdes.Itoldhimonepoint,andheknewitspropersequence.”

1.16TheMastersaid,“Iwillnotbeafflictedatmen’snotknowingme;IwillbeafflictedthatIdonotknowmen.”

BOOKIIWEIZHANG

2.1TheMastersaid,“Hewhoexercisesgovernmentbymeansofhisvirtuemaybecomparedtothenorthpolarstar,whichkeepsitsplaceandallthestarsturntowardsit.”

2.2TheMastersaid,“IntheBookofPoetryarethreehundredpieces,butthedesignofthemallmaybeembracedinonesentence—‘Havingnodepravedthoughts.’”

2.3TheMastersaid,“Ifthepeoplebeledbylaws,anduniformitysoughttobegiventhembypunishments,theywilltrytoavoidthepunishment,buthavenosenseofshame.Iftheybeledbyvirtue,anduniformitysoughttobegiventhembytherulesofpropriety,theywillhavethesenseofshame,andmoreoverwillbecomegood.”

2.4TheMastersaid,“Atfifteen,Ihadmymindbentonlearning.Atthirty,Istoodfirm.Atforty,Ihadnodoubts.Atfifty,IknewthedecreesofHeaven.Atsixty,myearwasanobedientorganforthereceptionoftruth.Atseventy,Icouldfollowwhatmyheartdesired,withouttransgressingwhatwasright.”

2.5MengYiaskedwhatfilialpietywas.TheMastersaid,“Itisnotbeingdisobedient.”AsFanChiwasdrivinghim,theMastertoldhim,saying,“MengSunaskedmewhatfilialpietywas,andIansweredhim,—‘Notbeingdisobedient.’”FanChisaid,“Whatdidyoumean?

”TheMasterreplied,“Thatparents,whenalive,beservedaccordingtopropriety;that,whendead,theyshouldbeburiedaccordingtopropriety;andthattheyshouldbesacrificedtoaccordingtopropriety.”

2.6MengWuaskedwhatfilialpietywas.TheMastersaid,“Parentsareonlyanxiouslesttheirchildrenshouldbesick.”

2.7Ziyouaskedwhatfilialpietywas.TheMastersaid,“Thefilialpietyofnow-a-daysmeansthesupportofone’sparents.Butdogsandhorseslikewiseareabletodosomethinginthewayofsupport;—withoutreverence,whatistheretodistinguishtheonesupportgivenfromtheother?

”

2.8Zixiaaskedwhatfilialpietywas.TheMastersaid,“Thedifficultyiswiththecountenance.If,whentheireldershaveanytroublesomeaffairs,theyoungtakethetoilofthem,andif,whentheyounghavewineandfood,theysetthembeforetheirelders,isTHIStobeconsideredfilialpiety?

”

2.9TheMastersaid,“IhavetalkedwithHuiforawholeday,andhehasnotmadeanyobjectiontoanythingIsaid;—asifhewerestupid.Hehasretired,andIhaveexaminedhisconductwhenawayfromme,andfoundhimabletoillustratemyteaJings.Hui!

—Heisnotstupid.”

2.10TheMastersaid,“Seewhatamandoes.Markhismotives.Examineinwhatthingsherests.Howcanamanconcealhischaracter!

Howcanamanconcealhischaracter!

”

2.11TheMastersaid,“Ifamankeepscherishinghisoldknowledge,soascontinuallytobeacquiringnew,hemaybeateacherofothers.”

2.12TheMastersaid,“Theaccomplishedscholarisnotautensil.”

2.13Zigongaskedwhatconstitutedthesuperiorman.TheMastersaid,“Heactsbeforehespeaks,andafterwardsspeaksaccordingtohisactions.”

2.14TheMastersaid,“Thesuperiormaniscatholicandnopartisan.Themeanmanispartisanandnotcatholic.”

2.15TheMastersaid,“Learningwithoutthoughtislabourlost;thoughtwithoutlearningisperilous.”

2.16TheMastersaid,“Thestudyofstrangedoctrinesisinjuriousindeed!

”

2.17TheMastersaid,“You,shallIteachyouwhatknowledgeis?

Whenyouknowathing,toholdthatyouknowit;andwhenyoudonotknowathing,toallowthatyoudonotknowit;—thisisknowledge.”

2.18Zizhangwaslearningwithaviewtoofficialemolument.TheMastersaid,“Hearmuchandputasidethepointsofwhichyoustandindoubt,whileyouspeakcautiouslyatthesametimeoftheothers:

—thenyouwillaffordfewoccasionsforblame.Seemuchandputasidethethingswhichseemperilous,whileyouarecautiousatthesametimeincarryingtheothersintopractice:

—thenyouwillhavefewoccasionsforrepentance.Whenonegivesfewoccasionsforblameinhiswords,andfewoccasionsforrepentanceinhisconduct,heisinthewaytogetemolument.”

2.19ThePrinceAiasked,saying,“Whatshouldbedoneinordertosecurethesubmissionofthepeople?

”Confuciusreplied,“Advancetheuprightandsetasidethecrooked,thenthepeoplewillsubmit.Advancethecrookedandsetasidetheupright,thenthepeoplewillnotsubmit.”

2.20JiKangaskedhowtocausethepeopletoreverencetheirruler,tobefaithfultohim,andtogoontonervethemselvestovirtue.TheMastersaid,“Lethimpresideoverthemwithgravity;—thentheywillreverencehim.Lethimbefilialandkindtoall;—thentheywillbefaithfultohim.Lethimadvancethegoodandteachtheincompetent;—thentheywilleagerlyseektobevirtuous.”

2.21SomeoneaddressedConfucius,saying,“Sir,whyareyounotengagedinthegovernment?

”TheMastersaid,“WhatdoestheBookofHistorysayoffilialpiety?

–“Youare