状语从句用法详解.docx

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状语从句用法详解.docx

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状语从句用法详解.docx

状语从句用法详解

状语从句用法详解

内容提要:

一、时间状语从句

二、地点状语从句

三、方式状语从句

四、程度状语从句

五、原因状语从句

六、结果状语从句

七、目的状语从句

八、条件状语从句

九、让步状语从句

十、比较状语从句

 

一、时间状语从句:

1、时间状语从句通常用下列从属连词来引导:

after,before,as,once,till,until,(ever)since,when,whenever,while,now(that),aslongas,assoonas。

如:

Now(that)you’vegrownup,youmuststopthischildishbehaviour.

Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.

Comeandseeuswheneveryouhavetime.

Peopledonotknowthevalueofhealthtilltheyloseit.

2、有些词,如immediately,directly,instantly等,当用于assoonas意义时,也可以引导时间状语从句,如:

IgotintouchwithhimimmediatelyIreceivedhisletter.

Mysistercamedirectlyshegotmymessage.

Themachinewillstartinstantlyyoupressthebutton.

I’lltelephoneyoudirectlyIhearthenews.

Willyoulookforitimmediatelyyougetthere?

3.某些表示时间的名词词组,如the(very)moment(=assoonas),theminute(=assoonas),theinstant(=assoonas),theday,theyear,themorning,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime等,也可以引导时间状语从句,如:

I’lltellyouaboutitthemomentyoucome.

IstartedtheinstantIheardthereport.

Theinstantshesawhimsheknewhewasherbrother.

EverytimeIcatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.

I’mgoingtoseehimnexttimehecomestoShenzhen.

HeleftEuropetheyearWorldWarⅡbrokeout.

HehadimpressedmethatwaythefirsttimeImethim.

IstartedtheverymomentIgotyourletter.

I’lltellhimtheminute(that)hegetshere.

4.有些关联从属连词,如nosooner…than/hardly…when/scarcely…when/barely…when等,也能引导时间状语从句。

△如果把nosooner,hardly,scarcely,barely置于句首,它所连带的这部分就要倒装,如:

Shehadnosoonerheardthenewsthanshefainted.

=Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshefainted.

Theyhadhardlystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.

=Hardlyhadtheystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.

Hehadscarcelyenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.

=Scarcelyhadheenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.

 

二、地点状语从句:

1、地点状语从句常用where,wherever来引导,如:

Wewillstaywhereyoustay.(where=intheplaceinwhich;where既连接主句与从句,又在从句中作副词修饰谓语stay。

IfoundmybookswhereIleftthem.

Whereverhehappenstobe,Johncanmakehimselfathome.

Hewillworkwhereverthepeopleneedhim.

Letmegowherever(=toanyplacetowhich)theylike(togo).

2、有时,-where构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句,如:

Everywheretheywent,theywerekindlyreceived/warmlywelcomed.

We’llgoanywherethePartydirectsus.

 

三、方式状语从句:

1、方式状语从句通常由as,asif,asthough来引导,如:

YoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou.

Pleasedoexactlyasyourdoctorsays.

Itlooksasifitmightsnow/isgoingtosnow.

Heactedasif/thoughnothinghadhappened.

Hewalkedasifhewas/weredrunk.

Marywasbehavingasthoughshehadn’tgrownup.

2、在非正式文体或口语中,也可用theway(that)(=as=inthewayinwhich),how,like等来引导,如:

Jeandoesn’tdoitthewayIdo.

SheisdoingherworkthewayIlikeitdone.

Youcandothejobhowyoulike.

Thelandlordwaswatchinghimlike(=justas)acatwatchesamouse.

Doyoumakebreadlikeyoumakecakes?

like作连词的用法补充说明:

1).Conjunction(informal)(非正式):

inthesamewaythat;as

同…一样,如

Peoplewhochangecountriesliketheychangeclothes.

换国籍像换衣服一样的人。

2).asthough;asif好像,如同

IfeltlikeI'dbeenkickedbyacamel.我觉得好像被骆驼踢了似的。

 

四、程度状语从句:

程度状语从句可用tosuchanextentthat…/tosuchadegreethat…,tothedegree/extentthat,insofaras(“在…的范围内”)等来引导,如:

Thetemperaturerosetosuchanextentthatthefiremenhadtoleavetheburningbuilding.

Thetemperatureloweredtosuchadegreethatthewaterfroze.

试比较:

Thetemperaturerosesohighthatthefiremenhadtoleavetheburningbuilding.

Thetemperatureloweredsomuchthatthewaterfroze.

从以上例句可以看出,程度状语从句往往也表示达到某种程度时所引出的结果,所以程度状语从句和结果状语从句在意义上有相通之处。

Atthattimepoliticianswerenotknowntothedegreethattheyaretoday.那时政治家们并不像今天这样为人所知晓。

I'llhelpyouinsofarasIcan.我会尽我所能帮助你。

 

五、原因状语从句:

1、引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是because,since,和as,所引导的从句可以放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后。

其中because语势最强,since次之,as又次之。

△because通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是听话人所不知道的,全句强调的重点在原因上,不在主句表示的结果上。

回答why提出的问题时,只能用because;在强调句型中也只能用because从句,不能用since,as等,如:

BecauseIcan’tseeverywell,Ihavetositnearthefront.

Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.

Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tcome.

 

△since和as引导的句子,重点在主句的内容,其原因或理由在说话人看来已很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉,since和as只是一种附带的说明原因,不是对原因进行强调,如:

Asheisworkinghard,heislikelytosucceed.

Sincehecan’tanswerthequestion,you’dbetterasksomeoneelse.

As/Sincehewasnotathome,Ispoketohisbrother.

Sinceyouinsist,Iwillreconsiderthematter.

Ashewasinahurry,helefthisbagathome.

△for是并列连词,它引导的句子只能后置。

表示因果关系时,可以和because换用;但当它用于对主句的内容加以解释或推断时,不能用because代替,如:

Hecouldn’thaveseenme,because/forIwasnothere.

Thegroundiswet,for/becauseitrainedlastnight.

Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.

△because之前可以加上simply,only,just等强调词,如:

Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.

2、复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句,这些连词有:

now(that),seeing(that),considering(that),forthereasonthat,byreasonthat,forfearthat,that等,如:

Now(that)(=Since)youmentionit,Idoremember.

Now(that)heisabsent,you’llhavetodotheworkbyyourself.

Now(=Since)therainhasstopped,let’sstart.

Seeing(that)alltheguestshavearrived,let’shavedinner.

Shedidn’tgoforfearthatshewouldgetlost.

Hehasdoneverywell,considering(that)hehasnoexperience.

Ihaven’tfinishedwritingthereportyet,notthat(=notbecause)Idislikethework,butthat(=butbecause)Ihavenottime.

Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.

3、在“主语+be+形容词+that”句型中,主语通常是人,形容词通常为:

glad,happy,pleased,sorry等表示感情的形容词,这时that可以看作原因状语从句,如:

Wearegladthat(=because)wehavereapedanotherbumperharvest.

I’mglad(that)youareallright.

Wearesurethatourteamwillwin.

I’mpleasedthatyouhavedecidedtocome.

 

六、结果状语从句

结果状语从句往往放在主句之后,通常主句是因,从句是果,这和原因状语从句刚好相反,例如:

Hewasill,sothathedidn’tcome.

Hedidn’tcomebecausehewasill.

1、结果状语从句通常用下列连词引导:

so…that,such(a)…that,suchthat,sothat,that等,例如:

Hewassoangrythathelefttheroomwithoutsayingaword.

ThebookiswritteninsuchsimpleEnglishthatwebeginnerscanunderstanditwithoutmuchdifficulty.

Itwassuchabadaccidentthatseveralpeoplegotinjured.

Hisdiligencewassuchthathemadegreatprogress.

Hedidn’tplanhistimewell,sothathedidn’tfinishtheworkintime.

Sheworriedsothatshecouldhardlyeathersupper.

WhathaveIdonethatyoushouldbesoangrywithme?

2、应注意的几个问题:

①在非正式文体中,由so…that,such(a)…that引导的结果状语从句,往往可以省略连词that,这时,从句之前往往用逗号与主句隔开,在口语中则用停顿表示省略。

Hewassotired(,)(that)hecouldhardlystand.

Peterissuchagoodboy(,)(that)heislovedbyeverybody.

Youwalksofast(that)Ican’tkeeppacewithyou.

Weleftinsuchahurry(that)weforgottolockthedoor.

Hewassorude(that)sherefusedtospeaktohim.

②当so修饰动词时,后面应稍停顿,如:

HisheartbeatsoΔthathecouldhardlybreathe.

SheworriedsoΔthatshecouldhardlyeathersupper.

③当so位于句首时,主句的语序应倒装,如:

Sobadlywasheinjuredthathehadtogotothehospital.

SosmallwasthemarkthatIcouldhardlyseeit.

 

七、目的状语从句

1、目的状语从句通常使用的连词有:

sothat,inorderthat,that,so。

否定的句式常用lest,incase,forfearthat来引导。

△目的状语从句中一般要有can,may,could,might,will,would,should等情态动词,如:

Bringitcloser(so)thatImayseeitbetter.

IputdownhisaddressforfearthatIshouldforgetit.

Theteachermustspeakclearlysothathisstudentscan/mayunderstandwell.

We’llsitnearerthefrontsowecanhearbetter.(非正式或口语)

Thedriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit(should)gowrongontheway.

PleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrowincaseIforget.

Takeanumbrellawithyou,incase(=forfearthat)itrains/itmayrain/itshouldrain.

Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.

2、sothat/so既可以引导目的状语从句,又可以引导结果状语从句,其区别可以根据上下文的意义来判断,也可以从其结构上来判断。

①凡在讲话时,sothat/so从句之前有停顿,在文字中sothat/so从句之前有逗号,则为结果状语从句,否则为目的状语从句,如:

Weallarrivedateight,so(that)themeetingbeganpromptly.(结果状语从句)

We’llcomeateightso(that)themeetingcanbeginearly.(目的状语从句)

②有时,由sothat或so引导的结果状语从句之前并没有逗号,这时,就要看从句中有没有can,may,could,might,will,would,should等情态动词,如果有,多半是目的状语从句,如果没有,多半是结果状语从句,如:

IamgoingtothelectureearlysothatI’llgetagoodseat.(目的状语从句)

IwenttothelectureearlysothatIgotagoodseat.(结果状语从句)

③目的状语从句可以移至句首,而结果状语从句不能前移,如:

Sothathecouldbeheardineveryroom,Johnspokethroughamicrophone.(目的状语从句)

Johnspokethroughamicrophonesothathewasheardineveryroom.(结果状语从句)

八、条件状语从句

1、条件状语从句通常用下列连词引导:

if,unless,supposing(that)(仅在问句中使用),suppose(that),incase,so/aslongas,sofaras,oncondition(that),provided(that)等,例如:

Incasehecomes,letmeknow.

Youcangoout,as/solongasyoupromisetobebackbeforeeleven.

Iwillcomeagaintomorrowprovided(that)Ihavetime.(=if)

Supposing(that)itrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?

(=if)

Unlessyoutellhimyourself,he’lllosefaithinyoucompletely.

We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthat/providedthatyoukeepitcleanandtidy.

2、有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句,祈使句后面要搭配and,如:

Cometomorrow,andIwilltellyou.

(=Ifyoucometomorrow,Iwilltellyou.)

Givehimaninchandhe’lltakeamile.

(=Ifyougivehimaninch,he’lltakeamile.)

注:

当表示否定的条件时,可用连词or或otherwise,如:

Hurryup,or(else)you’llbelate.

Makeupyourmind,oryou’llmissthechance.

Startatonce,or/otherwiseyou’llmissthetrain.

(=Ifyoudon’tstartatonce,you’llmissthetrain.)

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