状语从句用法详解.docx

1、状语从句用法详解状语从句用法详解内容提要： 一、时间状语从句 二、地点状语从句 三、方式状语从句 四、程度状语从句 五、原因状语从句 六、结果状语从句 七、目的状语从句 八、条件状语从句 九、让步状语从句 十、比较状语从句 一、时间状语从句: 1、时间状语从句通常用下列从属连词来引导：after, before, as, once, till, until, (ever) since, when, whenever, while, now (that), as long as, as soon as。如： Now (that) youve grown up, you must stop thi

2、s childish behaviour. Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. Come and see us whenever you have time. People do not know the value of health till they lose it. 2、有些词，如 immediately, directly, instantly 等，当用于 as soon as 意义时，也可以引导时间状语从句，如： I got in touch with him immediately I received

3、 his letter. My sister came directly she got my message. The machine will start instantly you press the button. Ill telephone you directly I hear the news. Will you look for it immediately you get there? 3某些表示时间的名词词组，如 the (very) moment ( = as soon as ), the minute ( = as soon as ), the instant ( =

4、as soon as ), the day, the year, the morning, every time, each time, next time, the first time 等，也可以引导时间状语从句，如： Ill tell you about it the moment you come. I started the instant I heard the report. The instant she saw him she knew he was her brother. Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.

5、 Im going to see him next time he comes to Shenzhen. He left Europe the year World Warbroke out. He had impressed me that way the first time I met him. I started the very moment I got your letter. Ill tell him the minute (that) he gets here. 4有些关联从属连词，如 no sooner than / hardly when / scarcely when /

6、 barely when 等，也能引导时间状语从句。 如果把 no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely 置于句首，它所连带的这部分就要倒装，如： She had no sooner heard the news than she fainted. = No sooner had she heard the news than she fainted. They had hardly started to work when the trouble began. = Hardly had they started to work when the trouble b

7、egan. He had scarcely entered the room when the phone rang. = Scarcely had he entered the room when the phone rang. 二、地点状语从句:1、地点状语从句常用where, wherever 来引导，如： We will stay where you stay. (where = in the place in which; where 既连接主句与从句，又在从句中作副词修饰谓语stay。) I found my books where I left them. Wherever he

8、 happens to be, John can make himself at home. He will work wherever the people need him. Let me go wherever (= to any place to which) they like (to go). 2、有时，- where 构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句，如： Everywhere they went, they were kindly received / warmly welcomed. Well go anywhere the Party directs us. 三、方式状语

9、从句:1、方式状语从句通常由 as, as if, as though 来引导，如： You must do the exercises as I show you. Please do exactly as your doctor says. It looks as if it might snow / is going to snow. He acted as if / though nothing had happened. He walked as if he was / were drunk. Mary was behaving as though she hadnt grown u

10、p. 2、在非正式文体或口语中，也可用 the way (that) (= as = in the way in which), how, like 等来引导，如： Jean doesnt do it the way I do. She is doing her work the way I like it done. You can do the job how you like. The landlord was watching him like (= just as) a cat watches a mouse. Do you make bread like you make cake

11、s? like 作连词的用法补充说明：1). Conjunction (informal)(非正式)：in the same way that; as同一样，如People who change countries like they change clothes. 换国籍像换衣服一样的人。2). as though; as if 好像，如同I felt like Id been kicked by a camel. 我觉得好像被骆驼踢了似的。四、程度状语从句： 程度状语从句可用 to such an extent that / to such a degree that , to the d

12、egree/ extent that, in so far as （“在的范围内”）等来引导，如： The temperature rose to such an extent that the firemen had to leave the burning building. The temperature lowered to such a degree that the water froze. 试比较： The temperature rose so high that the firemen had to leave the burning building. The temper

13、ature lowered so much that the water froze. 从以上例句可以看出，程度状语从句往往也表示达到某种程度时所引出的结果，所以程度状语从句和结果状语从句在意义上有相通之处。 At that time politicians were not known to the degree that they are today. 那时政治家们并不像今天这样为人所知晓。Ill help you in so far as I can. 我会尽我所能帮助你。五、原因状语从句：1、引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是 because, since, 和as，所引导的从句可以放在主

14、句之前，也可放在主句之后。其中 because 语势最强，since 次之，as 又次之。 because通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是听话人所不知道的，全句强调的重点在原因上，不在主句表示的结果上。回答why提出的问题时，只能用because；在强调句型中也只能用because从句，不能用since, as等，如： Because I cant see very well, I have to sit near the front. It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us. It was because he was ill

15、that he didnt come. since 和as 引导的句子，重点在主句的内容，其原因或理由在说话人看来已很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，since 和as 只是一种附带的说明原因，不是对原因进行强调，如： As he is working hard, he is likely to succeed. Since he cant answer the question, youd better ask someone else. As / Since he was not at home, I spoke to his brother. Since you insist, I will

16、reconsider the matter. As he was in a hurry, he left his bag at home. for 是并列连词，它引导的句子只能后置。表示因果关系时，可以和because 换用；但当它用于对主句的内容加以解释或推断时，不能用because 代替，如： He couldnt have seen me, because / for I was not here. The ground is wet, for / because it rained last night. It rained last night, for the ground is

17、wet this morning. because 之前可以加上simply, only, just 等强调词，如： You shouldnt get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 2、复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句，这些连词有：now (that), seeing (that), considering (that), for the reason that, by reason that, for fear that, that等，如： Now (that) (= Since) you mention it, I do r

18、emember. Now (that) he is absent, youll have to do the work by yourself. Now (=Since) the rain has stopped, lets start. Seeing (that) all the guests have arrived, lets have dinner. She didnt go for fear that she would get lost. He has done very well, considering (that) he has no experience. I havent

19、 finished writing the report yet, not that (= not because) I dislike the work, but that (= but because) I have not time. Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job. 3、在“主语+ be + 形容词+ that ”句型中，主语通常是人，形容词通常为：glad, happy, pleased, sorry 等表示感情的形容词，这时that 可以看作原因状语从句，如： We

20、are glad that (= because) we have reaped another bumper harvest. Im glad (that) you are all right. We are sure that our team will win. Im pleased that you have decided to come. 六、结果状语从句 结果状语从句往往放在主句之后，通常主句是因，从句是果，这和原因状语从句刚好相反，例如： He was ill, so that he didnt come. He didnt come because he was ill. 1

21、、结果状语从句通常用下列连词引导：so that, such (a) that, such that, so that, that 等，例如： He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word. The book is written in such simple English that we beginners can understand it without much difficulty. It was such a bad accident that several people got injured. His

22、 diligence was such that he made great progress. He didnt plan his time well, so that he didnt finish the work in time. She worried so that she could hardly eat her supper. What have I done that you should be so angry with me? 2、应注意的几个问题： 在非正式文体中，由 sothat, such (a)that引导的结果状语从句，往往可以省略连词 that，这时，从句之前

23、往往用逗号与主句隔开，在口语中则用停顿表示省略。 He was so tired (,) (that) he could hardly stand. Peter is such a good boy (,) (that) he is loved by everybody. You walk so fast (that) I cant keep pace with you. We left in such a hurry (that) we forgot to lock the door. He was so rude (that) she refused to speak to him. 当s

24、o 修饰动词时，后面应稍停顿，如： His heart beat so that he could hardly breathe. She worried so that she could hardly eat her supper. 当so位于句首时，主句的语序应倒装，如： So badly was he injured that he had to go to the hospital. So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. 七、目的状语从句1、目的状语从句通常使用的连词有：so that, in order that, th

25、at, so。否定的句式常用 lest, in case, for fear that 来引导。 目的状语从句中一般要有 can, may, could, might, will, would, should 等情态动词，如： Bring it closer (so) that I may see it better. I put down his address for fear that I should forget it. The teacher must speak clearly so that his students can / may understand well. Wel

26、l sit nearer the front so we can hear better. (非正式或口语) The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it (should) go wrong on the way. Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget. Take an umbrella with you, in case (= for fear that) it rains / it may rain / it should rain. He left early

27、 in case he should miss the train. 2、so that / so既可以引导目的状语从句，又可以引导结果状语从句，其区别可以根据上下文的意义来判断，也可以从其结构上来判断。 凡在讲话时，so that / so从句之前有停顿，在文字中so that / so从句之前有逗号，则为结果状语从句，否则为目的状语从句，如： We all arrived at eight, so (that) the meeting began promptly. (结果状语从句) Well come at eight so (that) the meeting can begin ea

28、rly. (目的状语从句) 有时，由 so that或 so 引导的结果状语从句之前并没有逗号，这时，就要看从句中有没有 can, may, could, might, will, would, should等情态动词，如果有，多半是目的状语从句，如果没有，多半是结果状语从句，如： I am going to the lecture early so that Ill get a good seat. (目的状语从句) I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. (结果状语从句) 目的状语从句可以移至句首，而结果状语从句不能前移

29、，如： So that he could be heard in every room, John spoke through a microphone. (目的状语从句) John spoke through a microphone so that he was heard in every room. (结果状语从句) 八、条件状语从句1、条件状语从句通常用下列连词引导：if, unless, supposing (that)（仅在问句中使用），suppose (that), in case, so / as long as, so far as, on condition (that)

30、, provided (that) 等，例如： In case he comes, let me know. You can go out, as / so long as you promise to be back before eleven. I will come again tomorrow provided (that) I have time. (= if) Supposing (that) it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? (= if) Unless you tell him yourself, hell lose faith in yo

31、u completely. Well let you use the room on condition that / provided that you keep it clean and tidy. 2、有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如： Come tomorrow, and I will tell you. (= If you come tomorrow, I will tell you. ) Give him an inch and hell take a mile. (= If you give him an inch, hell take a mile. ) 注：当表示否定的条件时，可用连词or 或otherwise， 如： Hurry up, or (else) youll be late. Make up your mind, or youll miss the chance. Start at once, or / otherwise youll miss the train. (= If you dont start at once, youll miss the train. ) (