届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编阅读理解A篇带答案精确校对.docx
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届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编阅读理解A篇带答案精确校对
One【2018届上海市上海中学高三上学期第二阶段检测】
SectionB
Directions:
Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
(A)
TheParisclimateagreementfinalizedinDecemberlastyearheraldedaneweraforclimateaction.Forthefirsttime,theworld’snationsagreedtokeepglobalwarmingwellbelow2℃.
Thisisvitalforclimate-vulnerablenations.Fewerthan4%ofcountriesareresponsibleformorethanhalfoftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissions.InastudypublishedinNatureScientificReports,werevealjusthowdeepthisinjusticeruns.
DevelopednationssuchasAustralia,theUnitedStates,Canada,andEuropeancountriesareessentiallyclimate“free-riders”:
causingthemajorityoftheproblemsthroughhighgreenhousegasemissions,whileincurringfewofthecostssuchasclimatechange’simpactonfoodandwater.Inotherwords,afewcountriesarebenefitingenormouslyfromtheconsumptionoffossilfuels,whileatthesametimecontributingdisproportionatelytotheglobalburdenofclimatechange.
Ontheflipside,therearemany“forcedriders”,whoaresufferingfromtheclimatechangeimpactsdespitehavingscarcelycontributedtotheproblem.Manyoftheworld’smostclimate-vulnerablecountries,themajorityofwhichareAfricanofsmallislandstates,produceaverysmallquantityofemissions.Thisismuchlikeanon-smokergettingcancerfromsecond-handsmoke,whiletheheavysmokerisfortunateenoughtosmokeingoodhealth.
ThePairsagreementhasbeenwidelyhailedasapositivestepforwardinaddressingclimatechangeforall,althoughthedetailsonaddressing“climatejustice”canbebestdescribedassketchy.
Thegoalofkeepingglobaltemperaturerise“wellbelow”2℃iscommendablebuttheemissions-reductionpledgessubmittedbycountriesleadinguptothePairstalksareveryunlikelytodeliveronthis.
Morethan$100billioninfundinghasbeenputonthetableforsupportingdevelopingnationstoreduceemissions.However,theagreementspecifiesthatthereisnoformaldistinctionbetweendevelopedanddevelopingnationsintheirresponsibilitytocutemissions,effectivelyignoringhistoricalemissions.Thereisalsoverylittledetailonwhowillprovidethefundsor,importantly,whoisresponsiblefortheirprovision.Securingthesefunds,andestablishingwhoisresponsibleforraisingthemwillalsobevitalforthefutureofclimate-vulnerablecountries.
Themostclimate-vulnerablecountriesintheworldhavecontributedverylittletocreatingtheglobaldiseasefromwhichtheynowsufferthemost.Theremusturgentlybeameaningfulmobilizationofthepolicesoutlinedintheagreementifwearetoachievenationalemissionreductionswhilehelpingthemostvulnerablecountriesadapttoclimatechange.
Anditisclearlyuptothecurrentgenerationofleadersfromhigh-emittingnationstodecidewhethertheywanttoberememberedasclimatechangetyrantsorpioneers.
56.TheauthoriscriticaloftheParisclimateagreementbecause_____________.
A)itisunfairtothoseclimate-vulnerablenations
B)itaimstokeeptemperaturerisebelow2℃only
C)itisbeneficialtoonlyfewerthan4%ofcountries
D)itburdensdevelopedcountrieswiththesoleresponsibility.
57.Whydoestheauthorcomparethe“forcedriders”tosecond-handsmokers?
A)Theyhavelittleresponsibilityforpublichealthproblems.
B)Theyarevulnerabletounhealthyenvironmentalconditions.
C)Theyhavetobearconsequencestheyarenotresponsiblefor.
D)Theyareunawareofthepotentialriskstheyareconfronting.
58.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthe$100billionfunding?
A)Itwillmotivateallnationstoreducecarbonemissions.
B)Thereisnofinalagreementonwhereitwillcomefrom.
C)Thereisnoclarificationofhowthemoneywillbespent.
D)Itwilleffectivelyreducegreenhouseemissionsworldwide.
59.WhaturgentactionmustbetakentorealizetheParisclimateagreement?
A)Encouraginghigh-emittingnationstotaketheinitiative.
B)Callingonallthenationsconcernedtomakejointefforts.
C)Pushingthecurrentworldleaderstocometoaconsensus.
D)Puttingineffectthepoliciesintheagreementatonce.
Keys:
56-59ACBD
Two【2018届上海市华师大二附中高三上学期阶段测试题】
SectionB
Directions:
Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
(A)
Awayfromhome,andeatingismorethanjustawaytokeepyourstomachfull.Itisalanguageallitsown,andnowordscansay‚“Gladtomeetyou…gladtobedoingbusinesswithyou…”quitelikesharingamealofferedbyyourheart.
Clearly,mealtimeisnotthetimeforyoutosay.“Thanks,butnothanks.”Acceptanceofthehost,country,andcompany.So,nomatterhowdifficultitmaybetoswallow,swallow.Or,asoneexperiencedtravelersays,“Travelwithacast-ironstomachandeateverythingeverywhere.”
Often,thefoodofferedrepresentsproudlyyourhostcountry’sproudestcookingachievement.WhatwouldAmericathinkofaFrenchpersonwhorefusedtotakeabiteofhomemadeapplepieorsizzlingsteak?
Ourdiscomfortcomesnotsomuchfromthethingitself;itcomesfromourunfamiliaritywithit.Afterall,anoysterhasremarkablythesamelookasasheep’seye,andafirstsomethingyoudipinbutterandeat.Bytheway,inSaudiArabiasheep’seyesareadelicacy,inpartsofChinait’sbear’spawsoup.
Canyourefusesuchfoodwithoutbeingrude?
Mostexperiencedbusinesstravelerssayno,atleastnotbeforetakingatleastafewbites.Ithelps,though,tosliceanyitemverythin.Thisway,youminimizethetexture—gristly(软骨的),slimy(粘滑的)andsoon---andthereminderofwhereitcamefrom.Or,“Swallowitquickly.”asonetravelerrecommends,“Istillcan’ttellyouwhatsheep’seyeballstastelike.”Asfordealingwithtaste,theoldlinethat“ittastesjustlikechicken”isoftenthankfullytrue.Evenwhen“it”isreallyratorsnake.
Anotherusefulpieceofadviceisnotknowingwhatyouareeating.What’sfordinner?
Don’task.AvoidglancingintothekitchenorlookingatEnglish-languagemenus.Yourhostwillbepleasedthatyouareeatingthefoodheoffers,andwhoknows?
Maybeitreallyisthechickeninthatsoup.
56.Whoisthepassagemostprobablywrittenfor?
A.Thosewhoaregoingtohavetripabroad.
B.Thosewhowanttocookfoodfromanothercountry
C.Thosewhoaregoingtoteachpeoplefromdifferentcountries
D.Thosewhowanttotakepartinaninternationalcookingcontest
57.Thephrase“acast-ironstomach”probablyreferstoastomach_____________.
A.equippedwithirondevicesB.neverfailingyou
C.sensitivetovarioustastesD.notallergictoiron
58.WhichofthefollowingisNOTsuggestedbythepassagewhenyouareofferedsomefoodyoudon’tlike?
A.CuttingitintosmallpiecesB.Swallowingitwithouthesitation
C.AvoidfiguringoutwhatitisD.Pleasingthehostwhileeating
59.Whichofthefollowingcanbeservedasaconclusionforthepassage?
A.Chickenisadelicacyforeveryone.B.“Ittasteslikechicken”mayhelp.
C.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.D.Eatingvariousthingscankeepyoufit.
Keys:
56-59ABDC
Three【2018届上海市华师大二附中高三上学期期中试题】
SectionB
Directions:
Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
(A)
Conventionalwisdomhasitthatconcernfortheenvironmentisaluxuryonlytherichworldcanafford;thatonlypeoplewhosebasicneedsforfoodandshelterhavebeenmetcanstartworryingaboutthehealthoftheplanet.Thissurveywillarguethatdevelopingcountries,too,shouldbethinkingabouttheenvironment.True,intherichcountriesastrongenvironmentalmovementdidnotemergeuntillongaftertheyhadbecomeindustrialized,astagethatmanydevelopingcountrieshaveyettoreach.Andtrue,manyofthedevelopedworld'senvironmentalconcernshavelittletodowithimmediatethreatstoitsinhabitants'wall-being.Peopleworryaboutwhethercarbon-dioxideemissionsmightleadtoawarmerclimatenextcentury,orwhethergeneticallyengineeredcropsmighthaveunforeseenconsequencesfortheecosystem.Thatiswhy,whenrichworldenvironmentalists'campaignagainstpollutioninpoorcountries,theyareoftenaccusedofnaivety.Suchcountries,thecriticssay,havemorepressingconcerns,suchasgettingtheirpeopleoutofpoverty.
Buttheenvironmentalproblemsthatdevelopingcountriesshouldworryaboutaredifferentfromthosethatwesternpunditshavefashionableargumentsover.Theyarenotaboutpotentialproblemsinthenextcentury,butaboutindisputableharmbeingcausedtoconventionalwisdom,solvingsuchproblemsneednothurteconomicgrowth;indeeddealingwiththemnowwillgenerallybecheaperthanleavingthemtocausefurtherharm.
Inmostdevelopingcountriespollutionseemstobegettingworse,notbetter.MostbigcitiesinLatinAmerica,forexample,aresufferingrisinglevelsofairpollution.Populationsinthesecountriesaregrowingsofastthatimprovementsinwatersupplyhavefailedtokeepupwiththenumberofextrapeople.Worldwide,aboutabillionpeoplestillhavenoaccesstocleanwater,andwatercontaminatedbysewageisestimatedtokillsome2milli