数字口译资料.docx
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数字口译资料
FiguresInterpreting(数字口译)
TheDifficultiesofFiguresInterpreting
Foraninterpreter,todoalongseriesoffiguresininterpretationisbynomeanseasy.AndforaninterpreterwhosemothertongueisChinese,thedifficultiesinvolvedseemtobeevengreater.Figuresinterpretationisconsideredasaninterpreter’sbigheadache.Followingaresomenotabledifficulties:
1.“万”vs.millionand“亿”vs.billion
InChinese,onetendstosay“万”(tenthousand)and“亿”(onehundredmillion)ofwhichthereisnoequivalentinEnglish.InEnglish,thereare“million”(百万)and“billion”(十亿).Yet,manytraineessometimesrefer“万”toas“million”and“亿”as“billion”.
2.ComparisonExpressions
ThewayscomparisonisexpressedinChineseare,insomerespect,differentfromthoseinEnglish,especiallywhenthequestionsofcountableanduncountablenounsareinvolved.Forexample,“中国1995年的国民收入比1980年翻了两番。
”isinterpretedinto“China’snationalincomein1995wasfourtimesthatof1980.”
3.MeasurementUnits
QuiteafewunitsofmeasurementinChineseusuallyhavetobeconvertedsoastofacilitateunderstanding.Forexample,inChinese,onetendstomeasurethemileageby“kilometers”whiletheEnglishspeakerusuallyresortto“miles”.
TheInterpretationofFigures
Thefundamentalsolutiontotheaforementioneddifficultiesliesinpractice.“Practicemakesperfect.”Toensureaccuracy,itisalwayshelpfulandreassuringtospeedilyjotthemdownastheoriginalspeakerisutteringthem.Itisveryriskytryingtodoalongseriesoffiguresininterpretingwithoutjottingthemdowninafeasibleway.InthecaseofinterpretingbetweenChineseandEnglish,figuresdorequireasufficientamountoftraining.
1.Twothingsthatareconsideredadvisable
Inthecourseoffiguresinterpretationtraining,thefollowingtwothingsareusuallyconsideredadvisable:
(1)Tolayemphasisonthespeedyandaccuraterenderingoffiguresinvolving“万”and“亿”asafirststep.
(2)Topracticetherapidreadingof5-digitnumbers,8-digitnumbersandthen10-digitnumbersinbothChineseandEnglish,thencombinethemwithvarious“unitsofmeasurement”untilaccuracyandfluencyareachieved.
2.Twopossiblesetsofsignstojotdownfiguresspeedily.
Here,wewishtointroducetwopossiblesetsofsignstojotdownfiguresspeedily:
(1)Usingcommas(,),eachrepresentingonegroupofthreenaughts.Forexample,“fortythousand”canberepresentedby“40,”;“sevenmillion”canberepresentedby“7,,”.
(2)Resortingto“th”,“m”,“b”and“tr”,respectivelyrepresenting“thousand”,“million”,“billion”and“trillion”.Forexample,“fortythousand”canberepresentedby“40th”;“sevenmillion”canberepresentedby“7m”.
3.InterpretingCardinalNumbers
ItiseasytointerpretnumbersbelowonehundredbecausethereisaregularsetofnumeralsinEnglish.EquivalentsoftheChinese“百”and“千”canbefoundinEnglish,i.e.“hundred”and“thousand”.However,sincetherearenotequivalentcardinalnumbersof“万”and“十万”inEnglish,figuresinvolvingfiveandsixdigitsmustbeinterpretedwithcaution.Thereisanequivalentcardinalnumberof“百万”inEnglish,whichis“million”.ButnoEnglishequivalentscanbefoundfor“千万”and“亿”.So,ininterpretation,wemustconvert“千万”into“tenmillion”and“亿”into“onehundredmillion”.TheChinese“十亿”is“abillion”inAmericanEnglish.ButinBritishEnglish,itmustbeconvertedinto“onethousandmillion”.
4.InterpretingFractions
Fractionsarecomposedofthenumeratorandthedenominator.Cardinalnumbersareusedforthenumeratorwhileordinalnumbersareusedforthedenominator.Whenthenumeratorisone,thedenominatorisreadinitssingularform.Ifthenumeratorisnotone,thepluralformshouldbeusedforthedenominator.Incasethenumeratorandthedenominatorarebignumbers,botharepronouncedascardinalnumbers,buttheyarejoinedbytheword“over”inbetween.Forexample,23/75isreadas“23over75”.Thefullnumberinthefractionisreadasacardinalnumberandisconnectedbytheword“and”withthefractionnumber.
5.InterpretingDecimals
Thedecimalpointispronouncedas“point”.Allthenumeralsafterthedecimalpointarereadonebyoneasordinarycardinalnumbers.Forexample,“3.25”isreadas“threepointtwofive”.
Procedures:
1.Cardinals,fractions,decimalsandpercentages
Forcardinalnumbers,askstudentstofamiliarizethemselveswiththeconversionofnumbersbetweenChineseandEnglish,whichisalwaysabigheadacheforinterpreterssinceChineseadoptsafour-digitsystemwhileEnglishadoptsathree-digitsystem.Alsonotethat“and”isnotusedafterhundredsinAmericanEnglish.
Forfractions,studentsshouldnotonlyknowhowtodealwiththeinterpretingoffractionswithsmalldenominators,butalsofractionswithlargedenominators.Inthelattercase,“over”isusuallyusedbeforethedenominatorandafterthenumeratortoexpressthefractionmoreclearly.
Fordecimals,studentsshouldpayattentiontothreepoints:
1)thezeroimmediatelybeforethedecimalpointcanbeomittedwhenspoken;2)numbersafterthedecimalsarespokenseparately;3)thezerofollowingdecimalpointisspokenas“o”,thesameastheletterofthealphabet.
Skills:
InterpretingfiguresI(Figuresswitching)
Procedures:
I.Instructor’sexplanation---differencebetweenChineseandEnglishfigures
Figureinterpretingconstitutesahighlydifficultproblemtobeginners.ThisisbecauseChineseandEnglishhavedifferentwaysofexpressingnumbers.InChinese,wehaveaseriesofnumericalcharacterstoexpressparticularfigure,e.g.十、百、千、万、百万、千万、亿、十亿…,whichareactuallythemultiplesof“十”.ButinEnglish,therearenoequivalentsof“万”and“亿”.Relevantfigureshavetobeconvertedonthebasisof“thousand”,“million”and“billion”.Asaresult,interpretertraineesoftenfeelhandicappedintheirdesperateattempttomaketheconversions.Anotherreasonisthatfigure,whichareillogicalinnature,areextremelydifficulttoremember.Nomatterhowgoodaninterpreter’smemoryis,he/shecannotexpecttomemorizeallfigures,especiallybigones.Itisobviousthatwithoutpriortraining,onecanhardlyavoidmakingmistakes.Onlythroughintensivetrainingcanweachieveproficiencyinhandlingthisproblem.
---熟记几个基本单位的转换
1万=tenthousand
10万=onehundredthousand
100万=onemillion
1000万=tenmillion
1亿=onehundredmillion
10亿=onebillion
---掌握记录方法。
在口译过程中,如果遇上数字(尤其是多位数的数字)频繁出现,单靠大脑记忆就不够了,这时需要笔记来辅助记忆。
将阿拉伯数字与中文和英文数字单位结合起来用。
---除了记下数字本身以外,更重要的是确保记住与数字有关的内容,即“Whatisthenumberabout?
”。
如果光是记下数字,而忘了这个数字是关于什么的,那么这个数字就没有任何意义了。
---数字由于没有逻辑意义,不能通过理解来推理,所以在必须一次记准确,这就要求译者对两种语言表达数字的方式十分熟悉,要能做到听到一个数字就能即时正确译出,近乎机械反映。
在练习的时候要清楚的知道每一位数字在译入语中相对的表达,这样才能在记下数字后很快的确定第一位数字的位置以迅速正确地翻译。
要如此,在练习的时候要不厌其烦,不断增加数字的长度,反复对译。
---另外尤其要注意数字出现零的情况,避免陷阱。
Expressions:
达到reach,total,number,total,peakat,be…intotal
占%:
accountfor,takeup;constitute;makeup
上升:
rise,increase,climb,jump,skyrocket,augment,up
下降:
fall,drop,decline,decrease,precipitate,down
稳定/波动:
levelout/off,remainstable,fluctuate,stand/stayat,toreachapeak
例子:
3亿8千6百24万零80(386million240thousandand80)
一百五十万零八千(onemillionfivehundredandeightthousand;1.508m)
六十二亿二千九百八十四万五千(sixbilliontwohundredtwenty-ninemillioneighthundredandfortyfivethousand;6b,229m.845th)
出生率birthrate
增长率growthrate
死亡率mortalityrate
分别由1990年的2.106%和1.439%下降到1997年的1.657%和1.006%,
droppedfrom2.106%and1.439%in1990to1.657%and1.006%in1998respectively
3.1数字口译简介(15分钟)
(1)万,十万,百万,千万,亿,十亿,百亿,千亿
(2)倍数:
isxtimesasmuchas=isxtimeslargerthan
(3)动词:
达到;上升,下降
(4)记录:
英-中:
千=’,百万=’’,十亿=’’’:
50’,2’’30’,14’’607’
1.英语数字分段法:
*第一段位:
onetenhundred
*第二段位:
thousand
tenthousand
hundredthousand
*第三段位:
million
tenmillion
hundredmillion
*第四段位:
billion
tenbillion
hundredmillion
*第五段位:
trillion
2.汉语数字分段法:
*第一段位:
个十百千
*第二段位:
万十万百万千万
*第三段位:
亿十亿百亿千亿
*第四段位:
兆(万亿)
3.英汉数字对比
ArabicEnglishChinese
1One一
10Ten十
100Onehundred一百
1,000onethousand一千
10,000tenthousand一万
100,000onehundredthousand十万
ArabicEnglishChinese
1,000,000onemillion一百万
10,000,000tenmillion一千万
100,000,000onehundredmillion一亿
1,000,000,000onebillion十亿
10,000,000,000tenbillion一百亿
100,000,000,000onehundredbillion一千亿
1,000,000,000,000onetrillion一兆(万亿)
*英语在数字超过千以后,以“thousand”的倍数来表达。
百万以上的数字则用“百万”的倍数表达。
比如:
一万(十千)tenthousand
十万(百千)hundredthousand
百万million
千万(十百万)tenmillion
亿(百百万)hundredmillion
十亿billion
*Model1
2.上百万的数字最简便的表达法是把百万以后的数字用point多少表达。
如:
396万3.96million
3,965万39.65million
3亿3,9650万396.5million
3.10亿(billion)以上的数字“百亿”为“十十亿”:
129亿12.9billion
Unit5Population(II)
Skills:
InterpretingfiguresII
Procedures:
II.Expressions---InterpretingIndefiniteNumbers(不确定数字)
1.InterpretingApproximateNumbers(大约)
CH:
约、大约、大概、来、左右……
ENG:
about,around,roughly,approximately,some,moreorless,intheneighborhoodof,orso,orthereabout,intherough…
2.InterpretingNumbersSmallerthanRoundNumbers(少于)
CH:
少于、低于、不到、不及、不足、以下……
ENG:
fewerthan,lessthan,under,below,within…
3.InterpretingNumberswiththeMeaningof“Nearly”(将近)
CH:
近、快、将近、几乎、差不多、差一点儿、差一点儿不到……
ENG:
nearly,almost,toward,closeon…
4.InterpretingIndefiniteNumbersWhichMean“MoreThan”(多于)
CH:
多于、大于、高于、超过、多、以上……
ENG:
morethan,over,above,upwardsof,andmore,odd,andodd…
5.InterpretingNumbersWhichAreBetweenParticularNumbers(介于)
CH:
到、至、介于…之间……
ENG:
from…to…,(anywhere)between…and…
InterpretingIndefiniteNumbers(不确定数字)
*twomilesorso;somethirtypersons;moreorlessfortypages;
*roundabouteighto’clock;somewhereaboutfourprovinces
*十