剑桥英语教学能力认证考试教程TKTCourseUnit16.docx

剑桥英语教学能力认证考试教程TKTCourseUnit16.docx

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剑桥英语教学能力认证考试教程TKTCourseUnit16

Unit16Practiceactivitiesandtasksforlanguageandskillsdevelopment

Whatarepracticeactivitiesandtasksforlanguageandskillsdevelopment

Theseareactivitiesandtasksdesignedtogivelearnersopportunitiestopracticeandextendtheiruseoflanguage,suchasnewvocabulary,functionalexponentsorgrammaticalstructures,orofthesubskillsofreading,listening,speakingorwriting.Therearemanydifferentkindsofactivitiesandtaskswithdifferentnamesanddifferentuses.

Keyconcepts

Herearetwowritingactivities.Canyoufindthreeteachingdifferencesbetweenthem

Activity1

Completethesesentencesaboutyourselfwithcanorcan’t.

1.I………swim.

2.I………speakMandarin.

3.I………playtheguitar.

4.I………useacomputer.

5.I………runveryfast.

Activity2

Writeaninvitationinvitingyourfriendstoyourbirthdayparty.

Invitethem.

Tellthem:

thedate

thetime

theaddressoftheparty.

Wecanseethatboththeseactivitiesgivelearnersanopportunitytouselanguage,butindifferentways.

Activity1

Activity2

isacontrolled/restrictedpracticeactivitybecauselearnerscanonlyusecertainitemsoflanguage

focusesonaccurateuseoflanguage

isagap-fillexercise.

isalesscontrolled/freerpracticeactivitybecausethelanguagethelearnerswilluseisnotcarefullylimitedorcontrolled

focusesoncommunicatingamessage

isatask.

Thesamekindsofdifferencescanalsobeseeninotheractivitiesforspeaking,writingandlearningnewlanguage.Drills（guidedrepetitions）,copyingwordsorsentences,jazzchants,dictationandreadingaloudareotherexamplesofcontrolledpracticeactivities.Infreeractivitiestheteacherorthematerialsdonotlimitthelanguagethatlearnersuse.Examplesoftheseare:

discussions;solvingproblemsthroughexchangingideas;sharingorcomparingideas,informationorexperiences;writingemails,stories,letters,invitationsorcompositions.

Herearesixmoreactivities.Whatskill/subskill/languagedotheyfocusonWhatisthenameofthetypeofactivity

1.Readthestory.Thenanswerthesequestion:

aHowoldisgirl

bWheredoesshelive

cWhatisherfriend’sname

2.AListentothetapeandchoosethebestanswer:

Thechildren’sschoolis:

aneartheirhouse

bneartheshops

coppositethepostoffice

BNowlistenagain.Arethesesentencestrueorfalse

aTheschoolisnew.

bTheclassroomisbig.

cThelibraryhasmaybooks.

3.Lookatthesepicturesandthenreadthestory.Putthepicturesinthecorrectorder.Writethecorrectnumber（1-6）undereachpicture.

4.Listentothetape,andinpairsfillinthisform:

Girl’sname:

………………….

Girl’saddress:

………………..

Nameofgirl’sfriend:

………..

5.Workinpairs.Eachofyoushoulduseoneoftheserolecards.

AYourfriendhasaproblem.Givehim/herthebestadviceyoucan.

BYouhaveaproblem.Youwanttogotouniversity,butyoufindstudyingverydifficult.Askyourfriendforadvice.

6.Getintogroupsoffour.Findoutwhichfoodyourfriendslikeanddislikemost.Ask:

Whichfooddoyoulikemost

Whichfooddoyoudislikemost

Herearetheanswerstothequestionabove:

Activity

Skill/subskill/language

Typeofactivity

1

Readingforspecific

information

Wh-question（questionsbeginningwithquestionwords:

.which/what/how/when/why）forcomprehension

2

Listeningforspecific

information

AMultiple-choicequestion（anactivityinwhichyouchoosethebestanswerfromthreeormorepossibleanswers）

BTrue/Falsequestions（anactivityinwhichyoudecidewhetherstatementsarecorrectorincorrect）

3

Readingfordetail

Ordering

4

Listeningforspecific

Formfilling

5

Fluencyinspeaking/freer

practiceofnewlanguage

Role-play（anactivityinwhichyouimaginethatyouaresomeoneelseinaspecificsituation）

6

Accuracyinspeaking/

controlledpracticeofnew

language

Survey（findingouttheopinionsofagroupononetopic）

Wecanseethatactivitiescandifferinseveralways:

theskillorsubskilltheyfocuson;whattypetheyareandwhatinteractionpatternstheyuse.Thekindsofskillsorlanguagetheyfocusonandtheinteractionpatternstheyusearenotfixed.So,forexample,multiple-choicequestionscouldbeusedforreading,listeningorgrammaractivitiesandcanbedoneindividually,inpairsoringroups.Similarly,form-fillingcouldbeusedforreading,listeningorgrammarpractice,anddoneindividually,inpairsoringroups.

Activities5and6bothinvolvelearnerstalkingtooneanothertoexchangeinformationtheydon’tknow.Thismeanstheyaretalkingordertocommunicate,notjusttopracticelanguage.Thiskindofactivityinwhichlearnersexchangeinformationthatonlyoneofthemhasiscalledaninformationgaporacommunicativeactivity.

Anactivitymayfocusonaccuracyorcommunicationdependingonhowitisintroducedbytheteacherorthematerials.Forexample,thesurveyaboveisfocusedonaccuracybecauseitlimitsthelanguagethatlearnersusetoaskandanswertwospecificquestions.Iftheinstructionsfortheactivitywere‘Findoutaboutyourfriends’likesanddislikesinfood’,thiswouldnotrestrictlearners’choiceoflanguageandtheactivitywouldfocusoncommunication.

Keyconceptsandthelanguageteachingclassroom

Whenselectingactivitiesforpractisinglanguageortheskillsofspeakingorwriting,weneedtodecidewhethertodoacontrolledpracticeorafreerpracticeactivity,anactivitythatfocusesonaccuracyoroncommunication.

Whenchoosingactivitiesfordevelopingskills,weneedtodecidewhichskillorsubskilltofocuson.

Lessonsusuallyconsistofaseriesoflinkedactivities.Thereareseveraldifferentwaysoflinkingactivitiesinlessons.Thesearejustsomeofthem:

1.PPP:

Presentation→controlledpracticeactivities→freerpracticeactivities

2.TBL:

Discussion→tasks→presentation→focusonform

3.Skills-basedlessons:

Warmerandlead-in→comprehensiontasks→post-taskactivities

ExampleI:

Alisteningskillslesson

Lead-in:

discussingthetopicofthelisteningandlearninganyimportantnewvocabulary→Comprehensiontasks:

listeningtotherecordedconversationagainandcompletingaformwithspecificinformation→Post-taskactivities:

briefdiscussionofthetopicoftheconversation.

Youcanseethatthecomprehensionactivities（forlisteningorreading）startwithfocusingonmoregenerallevelsofcomprehensionbeforemovingontosubskillsthatrequirepayingmoredetailedorspecificattentiontothetext.

Example2:

Atopic-basedlessonwhichdevelopsseveralskills

Lead-in:

speakingaboutthetopicanddoingrelatedlanguagework→Tasks:

listeningtoarecordingaboutthetopic→readingatextaboutthetopic→Post-taskactivities:

discussingthetopicand/orfocusonthelanguageofthetopic→writingacompositionaboutthetopic.

SeeUnit18and20forplanningactivitiesforlessonsandUnit26forlanguageusefultotheteacherforcarryingoutactivities.

FOLLOW-UPACTIVITIES（Seepage173foranswers）

1.WhatdotheseactivitiesaimdevelopPutthemintothecorrectcolumn.

Communication

Accuracy

A.choraldrillingofpronunciation

B.role-play

C.dictation

D.discussions

E.gap-fillexercises

F.storywriting

G.copyingwords

H.repeatingnewwords

I.describingpictures

J.learningconversationsbyheart

K.problemsolving

2.Whichskill（s）couldtheseactivitiesbeusedtodevelop

A.storycompletion

B.form-filling

C.informationgap

D.true/falsequestions

E.role-play

REFLECTION

Thinkabouttheselearners’comments:

1.Idon’tlikedoinglotsofdifferentactivities–it’sconfusing.

2.Ilikedoingamixtureofactivitieswithsomefocusingonaccuracyandsomeonfluency.Thatreallyhelpsmelearn.

DISCOVERYACTIVITIES

1.Lookthroughtwopagesofyourcoursebook.CanyounameallthedifferentkindsofactivitiesitcontainsWhatisthepurposeofeachactivity

2.Lookattoseelotsofdifferentactivitiesfordevelopingskillsandlanguage.

3.Lookbackoverthisunitandfindatypeofactivitythatyouhavenevertaughtbefore.Tryitwithoneofyourclasses.DiditworkwellWasitsuccessfulWriteupyourthoughtsinyourTKTportfolio.

4.UsetheTKTGlossarytofindthemeaningoftheseterms:

chant,jumbledpictures,labeling,prioritizing,projectwork.

TKTpracticetask（Seepage176foranswers）

Forquestion1-7,matchthedescriptionswiththeteachingactivitieslistedA-H.

Thereisoneextraoptionwhichyoudonotneedtouse.

Teachingactivities

A.problemsolving

B.arole-play

C.labelling

D.choraldrilling

E.formfilling

F.agame

G.asurvey

H.projectwork

Descriptions

1.Theteachersaysawordandasksallthelearnerstorepeatittogether.

2.Theteacherputslearnersinpairsandasksoneofthemtoactasalosttouristaskingtheway,andtheotherasalocalpersongivingdirections.

3.ThelearnersusemapstoworkoutthebestwaytogetfromXtoY.

4.Thelearnerslistentoatapeandcompleteatimetable.

5.Thelearnersaskalltheirclassmatestheiropinionaboutsomethingandthennoteitdown.

6.Thelearnersgotothelocalmuseum,thelibraryandtheinternettofindoutaboutdinosaurs.Theythenmakeanexhibitionofwallpostersaboutthem.

7.Thelearnerschoosenamesofobjectsfromalistandwritethenamesunderpicturesoftheobjects.