研究生英语口语教材.docx

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研究生英语口语教材.docx

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研究生英语口语教材.docx

研究生英语口语教材

研究生英语口语交流课程讲义

2013.09

by马建军PartI,II,IV

曹硕PartIIIUnit1-4

邱进PartIIIUnit5-8

Unit1Biodiversity

Unit2Love

Unit3Time

Unit4GreenBusiness

Unit5Beauty

Unit6Cloning

Unit7MediaandCulture

Unit8Development

Unit1Biodiversity

I.Phonetics:

IntonationandGroupmeaning

｜表意群（groupmeaning），↗表升调（risingtone），↘表降调（fallingtone），→表平调（level）

•Isee↗animals|inthe↘zoo.

•Do↗you→wantto|→havea↗look?

•Isee↗tigers|→running↘fast.

•The↗more→weget↗together,|thehappier→wewill↘be.

•Great↗changes/→havetakenplace/in↗China/→inthepast↗ten↘years.

•Theyoung→man/ismy↗brother/who↗joined→thearmy/→threeyears↘ago.

•Three↗passions,/simple→butoverwhelmingly↗strong,/→havegovernedmy→life:

/→thelongingfor↗love,/thesearchfor↗knowledge,/and→unbearablepity/forthe↗sufferingof↘mankind.

Exercise:

Readingaloud

Forexample/,wearelosingabout100speciesaday/becausetropicalrainforests/arebeingcutdown./

II.Usefulsentencesinspeaking

1.It’suptoyou.

由你决定。

2.Ienvyyou.

我羡慕你。

3.HowcanIgetintouchwithyou?

HowcanIcontact/reachyou?

我怎么和你联系？

4.WherecanIwashmyhands?

请问卫生间在哪？

5.Whereareyouheaded?

你要去哪？

6.Iwasn’tbornyesterday.

我又不是三岁小孩。

7.Whatdoyoudoforrelaxation?

你做什么消遣？

8.It’sasmallworld.

这世界真小。

9.It’smytreatthistime.

这次我请客。

10.Whenisthemostconvenienttimeforyou?

你何时最方便？

Exercise:

Makeshortconversationswiththeaboveusefulsentences.

III.Groupdiscussion

Topic1:

EndangeredSpecies

Climatechangeisnormallybadnewsforendangeredspecies,butinthecaseofAustralia’sGreyNurseShark,somescientistssuggestitmightactuallyhelptheirfightforsurvival.

TheGreyNurseSharkisoneofAustralia’smostcriticallyendangeredspecies.Asurveyin2002estimatedtherewerefewerthan500inthecriticallyendangeredpopulationlivingoffthecountry'seastcoast.Onthewestcoast,theyarevulnerablebutnotyetendangered.Australia’stwoGreyNurseSharkpopulationshavebeenisolatedfromeachotherformorethan100,000years.Untilnowthewatersseparatingthetwopopulationshavebeentoocoldforthesharkstocomeintocontactwitheachother.Butastemperaturesriseduetoglobalwarming,warmerwaterscouldresultinthesharksinhabitingthesameareas.Ifthesharkpopulationsunite,theextinctionriskmaybereduced.

Topic2:

ConservationofBiodiversity

The22researchersthatcreatedthesurveyarehopingitwillhelpwiththeconservationofmorethan2,300speciesofplantsandanimalsthatarefoundonlyinMadagascar.

Only587,000squarekilometersinsize,Madagascarisconsideredoneofthemostsignificantoftheso-calledbiodiversity“hotspots,”threatenedareasoftheworldthatareamongthemostbiologicallyrich.

“Wehadalotofspeciesandwewantedtousethedataatthefinestscalethatwepossiblycould,atthemostprecisescaleandthemostdetailedscale,”shesaid.“Andthatmeansthatthecomputationalproblembecomesverylarge.Andthatwhyoneofthebigadvanceswastheavailabilityofanewpieceofsoftwarethatallowedustotacklesomanyspeciesoversuchalargeareaandwithsomuchdetailoratsuchafineresolution.”

Topic3:

Health

AccountantSydneyBrookmanlovestwothings,working,whichhe’sbeendoingsince1937.“Idon’twannaretire;IwannakeepworkingaslongasIcanlive.”Andtellingjokes.“Icanrattleoff100jokes,50Icantell,justbymemory.”

Heis97yearsold.“AndIfeelfine.PhysicallyIfeelgreat.Mysexualdemandsmaybealittleless,butIcan’thelpthat.”

HeisayoungstercomparedtoRheaTauber,aformerschoolteacher.Shewritesaweeklycolumnforherlocalpaperandisworkingonherautobiography.Sherecentlyturned100.

“Theyheldabigpartyformeonmy100birthdayandeverybodyinthewholecountycamedown.Becausethey’veneverheardofanybodywhois100yearsoldstillworking.”

Forthelast35years,she’sbeenlivingonherownandsaidshe’shappythatway.Itkeepsheronhertoes.

“WhenIwas100yearsold,theysaid,‘Youshouldn’tbelivingalone.Yougetallstepstoclimbup.’Butthat’sgoodforme.It’smyexercise:

upanddownthesteps.”

AtatimewhentheAmericanlifeexpectancyis78years,thereisnoobviousreasonwhyRheaandSydneyshouldstillbealive,muchlessthriving.Sydney’seatinghabitswouldmakeanutritionistweep.

“Ilovefriedchicken.Ilovefriedfish.Ihatevegetables.Iviolateeverydietarylaw.”AndRheaisreferredtobyherowndoctorsas“themiraclelady”.“Theycan’tfigureoutwhy.IlovethewayIdo,enjoylifethewayIdo,goabout,andtravel.”

Exercise:

Discussthefollowingquestions.

1.Arethereanyadvantagesthatglobalwarmingcanbringabouttoendangeredspecies?

2.Somepeoplethinkthathumanneedsforfarmland,housing,andindustryaremoreimportantthansavinglandforendangeredanimals.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththispointofview?

Whyorwhynot?

3.Fartoolittlehasbeendonetopreventanimalsandplantsfromdyingout.Peopletodayhavenoticedthisproblem,butfewactionsaretaken,whydoyouthinkpeopledolittleaboutit?

Whatdoyousuggesttosolvethisproblem?

4.Whatarethetipsforlongevity?

5.Describeahealthproblemthatyouknow.Youshouldsay:

whatthisproblemis;whatcausesoftheproblem;howitaffectspeople'shealth;andexplainhowtosolvethishealthproblem.

IV.Classsurvey

Eachgrouptakeasmallsurveytofindoutyourclassmates’opinionaboutreasonstopreservebiodiversity.Pleaseinterviewatleast15classmates.Here’show:

1. Makealistofreasonstopreservebiodiversity.Hereare7reasonsforyou:

（1）Toprotectpossiblemedicinesources,forexample,forcancerorAIDStreatment.

（2）Toprotectworldfoodsecurityagainsttheriskofdiseaseorpests.

（3）Toprovideawidervarietyoffoodspeciesforpeople’sdietandhealth.

（4）Tokeeptheclimateinbalance.

（5）Toprovideavarietyofspeciesthatcancopewithnewclimateconditionsinthefuture.

（6）Torespectnature.

（7）Topreserveplantandanimalspeciesfortheirownsake.

2. Interviewyourclassmatesbyaskingthemtochoose3mostimportantreasons.

3. Counttheirchoices,andtakenotesontheirreasonsbehindtheirchoices.

4. Reportanddiscussyoursurveyresultsinyourpresentation.Pleaseinclude5parts:

thepurposeofthesurvey,method（howyouconductedthesurvey）,results（remembertousethestatistics）,discussion（howdoyouanalyzeyourresults）andconclusion.

5.Pleasepresentyourresultswithawell-madePPTfile.Yourpresentationinallwillbewithin20minutes.

Forexample:

Youcanrecordtheresultsofyoursurveylikethis.

Top3reasons

Numbers

Classmates’Comments

Toprovideavarietyofspeciesthatcancopewithnewclimateconditionsinthefuture.

Becauseglobalwarmingisbecomingaseriousproblemnowadays.

…

Toprovideawidervarietyoffoodspeciesforpeople’sdietandhealth.

Becausethebiodiversityinourdietisgettingsmaller.

…

Youcanusethefollowingexpressionsinyourinterview.

Askinganopinion

Agreeing

Disagreeing

Whichonedidyouranknumber1?

That’sright.

Yes,butdon’tyouthink…?

Howaboutyou?

Ithinkso,too.

That’strue,but….

Whenyoushareyoursurveyresultsinclass,youcanusethefollowingexpressions.

1. Fromoursurvey,wefoundthat…

2. Itseemsthatmostclassmates…

3. Weweresurprised/notsurprisedtoseethat…

Unit2Love

I.Phonetics:

Wordstress

1.Stresschangesusuallywiththechangeinpartofspeech.

syllablestress

photograph/ˈfəʊ.tə.grɑːf/31

photographer/fəˈtɒg.rə.fə/42

photographic/fəʊ.təˈgræ.fɪk/43

2.Suffixesthatdonotaffectstressplacement

-able:

comfort,comfortable

-age:

anchor,anchorage

-al:

refuse,refusal

-en:

wide,widen

-ful:

wonder,wonderful

-ing:

amaze,amazing

-ish:

devil,devilish

-ly:

actual,actually

3.Suffixesthatinfluencestressinthestem

Intheseexamplesprimarystressisonthelastsyllableofthestem.

-eous:

advantage,advantageous

-graphy:

photo,photography

-ial:

proverb,proverbial

-ic:

climate,climatic

-ion:

perfect,perfection

-ious:

injure,injurious

-ty:

tranquil,tranquility

-ive:

reflex,reflexive

4.Wordstopayspecialattentionto

industry,industrial;economy,economic;comfort,comfortable;

technology,technological;profit,profitable;diverse,diversity;

interesting,excellent,maintain,estimate,television

Exercise:

Readingaloud

Internettechnology/hasnowmadeitpossible/formorepeopletomeetand,/insomecases,/developaromanceonline./

II.Usefulsentencesinspeaking

1.Takeyourtime.

慢慢来，别着急。

2.I’mcrazyaboutBruceLee/rockmusic.

我迷死李小龙/摇滚乐了。

3.HowdoIaddressyou?

我怎么称呼你？

4.Whatwasyournameagain?

请再说一遍名字好吗？

5.Wouldyoucareforacupofcoffee?

要杯咖啡吗？

6.Sofarsogood.

到目前为止都好。

7.Itdrivesmecrazy.

它让我疯了。

8.Shenevershowedup.

她一直没有出现。

9.That’snotlikehim.

那不像是他的风格。

10.Icouldn’tgetthrough.

电话打不通。

Exercise:

Makeshortconversationswiththeaboveusefulsentences.

III.Groupdiscussion

Topic1:

LoveandMarriage

MatchmakingserviceshavebecomeaboomingbusinessinJapan,thankstoapopularbookreleasedlastyear.InthebookMarriageHuntingEraco-authorToukoShirakawawrotethatsingleshadtoworkharderfortruelove,andthatwaitingforasoulmatewasnotenough.Shecoinedtheterm“konkatsu”—aplayontheJapanesewordsformarriageandaction.

Shirakawasaystherewasanentireindust

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