研究生英语口语教材.docx

1、研究生英语口语教材研究生英语口语交流课程讲义2013.09by 马建军 Part I, II, IV 曹硕 Part III Unit 1-4 邱进 Part III Unit 5-8Unit 1 Biodiversity Unit 2 Love Unit 3 Time Unit 4 Green Business Unit 5 Beauty Unit 6 Cloning Unit 7 Media and Culture Unit 8 Development Unit 1 BiodiversityI. Phonetics: Intonation and Group meaning 表意群（gro

2、up meaning），表升调 (rising tone)，表降调 (falling tone)，表平调 (level) I see animals | in the zoo. Do you want to | have a look? I see tigers | running fast. The more we get together, | the happier we will be. Great changes / have taken place/in China / in the past ten years. The young man / is my brother / w

3、ho joined the army / three years ago. Three passions, /simple but overwhelmingly strong, / have governed my life: /the longing for love, /the search for knowledge, /and unbearable pity / for the suffering of mankind.Exercise: Reading aloudFor example/, we are losing about 100 species a day / because

4、 tropical rain forests/ are being cut down./II. Useful sentences in speaking1. Its up to you. 由你决定。2. I envy you. 我羡慕你。3. How can I get in touch with you? How can I contact/reach you? 我怎么和你联系？4. Where can I wash my hands? 请问卫生间在哪？5. Where are you headed? 你要去哪？6. I wasnt born yesterday. 我又不是三岁小孩。7. W

5、hat do you do for relaxation? 你做什么消遣？8. Its a small world. 这世界真小。9. Its my treat this time. 这次我请客。10. When is the most convenient time for you? 你何时最方便？Exercise: Make short conversations with the above useful sentences. III. Group discussionTopic 1: Endangered Species Climate change is normally bad n

6、ews for endangered species, but in the case of Australias Grey Nurse Shark, some scientists suggest it might actually help their fight for survival.The Grey Nurse Shark is one of Australias most critically endangered species. A survey in 2002 estimated there were fewer than 500 in the critically end

7、angered population living off the countrys east coast. On the west coast, they are vulnerable but not yet endangered. Australias two Grey Nurse Shark populations have been isolated from each other for more than 100,000 years. Until now the waters separating the two populations have been too cold for

8、 the sharks to come into contact with each other. But as temperatures rise due to global warming, warmer waters could result in the sharks inhabiting the same areas. If the shark populations unite, the extinction risk may be reduced.Topic 2: Conservation of BiodiversityThe 22 researchers that create

9、d the survey are hoping it will help with the conservation of more than 2,300 species of plants and animals that are found only in Madagascar. Only 587,000 square kilometers in size, Madagascar is considered one of the most significant of the so-called biodiversity “hot spots,” threatened areas of t

10、he world that are among the most biologically rich.“We had a lot of species and we wanted to use the data at the finest scale that we possibly could, at the most precise scale and the most detailed scale,” she said. “And that means that the computational problem becomes very large. And that why one

11、of the big advances was the availability of a new piece of software that allowed us to tackle so many species over such a large area and with so much detail or at such a fine resolution.”Topic 3: HealthAccountant Sydney Brookman loves two things, working, which hes been doing since 1937. “I dont wan

12、na retire; I wanna keep working as long as I can live.” And telling jokes. “I can rattle off 100 jokes, 50 I can tell, just by memory.” He is 97 years old. “And I feel fine. Physically I feel great. My sexual demands may be a little less, but I cant help that.”He is a youngster compared to Rhea Taub

13、er, a former school teacher. She writes a weekly column for her local paper and is working on her autobiography. She recently turned 100.“They held a big party for me on my 100 birthday and everybody in the whole county came down. Because theyve never heard of anybody who is 100 years old still work

14、ing.”For the last 35 years, shes been living on her own and said shes happy that way. It keeps her on her toes. “When I was 100 years old, they said, You shouldnt be living alone. You get all steps to climb up. But thats good for me. Its my exercise: up and down the steps.”At a time when the America

15、n life expectancy is 78 years, there is no obvious reason why Rhea and Sydney should still be alive, much less thriving. Sydneys eating habits would make a nutritionist weep. “I love fried chicken. I love fried fish. I hate vegetables. I violate every dietary law.” And Rhea is referred to by her own

16、 doctors as “the miracle lady”. “They cant figure out why. I love the way I do, enjoy life the way I do, go about, and travel.”Exercise: Discuss the following questions.1. Are there any advantages that global warming can bring about to endangered species?2. Some people think that human needs for far

17、mland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? 3. Far too little has been done to prevent animals and plants from dying out. People today have noticed this problem, but few actions are taken,

18、why do you think people do little about it? What do you suggest to solve this problem?4. What are the tips for longevity?5. Describe a health problem that you know. You should say: what this problem is; what causes of the problem; how it affects peoples health; and explain how to solve this health p

19、roblem.IV. Class surveyEach group take a small survey to find out your classmates opinion about reasons to preserve biodiversity. Please interview at least 15 classmates. Heres how: 1. Make a list of reasons to preserve biodiversity. Here are 7 reasons for you: (1) To protect possible medicine sourc

20、es, for example, for cancer or AIDS treatment. (2) To protect world food security against the risk of disease or pests. (3) To provide a wider variety of food species for peoples diet and health. (4) To keep the climate in balance. (5) To provide a variety of species that can cope with new climate c

21、onditions in the future. (6) To respect nature. (7) To preserve plant and animal species for their own sake. 2. Interview your classmates by asking them to choose 3 most important reasons. 3. Count their choices, and take notes on their reasons behind their choices. 4. Report and discuss your survey

22、 results in your presentation. Please include 5 parts: the purpose of the survey, method (how you conducted the survey), results (remember to use the statistics), discussion (how do you analyze your results) and conclusion. 5. Please present your results with a well-made PPT file. Your presentation

23、in all will be within 20 minutes.For example: You can record the results of your survey like this. Top 3 reasonsNumbersClassmates Comments5 To provide a variety of species that can cope with new climate conditions in the future.14Because global warming is becoming a serious problem nowadays. 3To pro

24、vide a wider variety of food species for peoples diet and health.12Because the biodiversity in our diet is getting smaller.21467.You can use the following expressions in your interview. Asking an opinionAgreeing DisagreeingWhich one did you rank number 1?Thats right. Yes, but dont you think ?How abo

25、ut you? I think so, too. Thats true, but .When you share your survey results in class, you can use the following expressions. 1. From our survey, we found that 2. It seems that most classmates 3. We were surprised / not surprised to see that Unit 2 LoveI. Phonetics: Word stress1. Stress changes usua

26、lly with the change in part of speech. syllable stress photograph / f. t. grf/ 3 1photographer /ftg. r. f/ 4 2 photographic /f. t gr. fk/ 4 32. Suffixes that do not affect stress placement -able: comfort, comfortable -age: anchor, anchorage -al: refuse, refusal -en: wide, widen -ful: wonder, wonderf

27、ul -ing: amaze, amazing -ish: devil, devilish -ly: actual, actually 3. Suffixes that influence stress in the stem In these examples primary stress is on the last syllable of the stem. -eous: advantage, advantageous-graphy: photo, photography-ial: proverb, proverbial-ic: climate, climatic-ion: perfec

28、t, perfection-ious: injure, injurious-ty: tranquil, tranquility-ive: reflex, reflexive4. Words to pay special attention to industry, industrial; economy, economic; comfort, comfortable;technology, technological; profit, profitable; diverse, diversity; interesting, excellent, maintain, estimate, tele

29、vision Exercise: Reading aloudInternet technology / has now made it possible / for more people to meet and,/ in some cases,/ develop a romance online./ II. Useful sentences in speaking1. Take your time. 慢慢来，别着急。2. Im crazy about Bruce Lee/ rock music. 我迷死 李小龙/摇滚乐 了。3. How do I address you? 我怎么称呼你？4.

30、 What was your name again? 请再说一遍名字好吗？5. Would you care for a cup of coffee? 要杯咖啡吗？6. So far so good. 到目前为止都好。7. It drives me crazy. 它让我疯了。8. She never showed up. 她一直没有出现。9. Thats not like him. 那不像是他的风格。10. I couldnt get through. 电话打不通。Exercise: Make short conversations with the above useful sentence

31、s. III. Group discussionTopic 1: Love and MarriageMatchmaking services have become a booming business in Japan, thanks to a popular book released last year. In the book Marriage Hunting Era co-author Touko Shirakawa wrote that singles had to work harder for true love, and that waiting for a soul mate was not enough. She coined the term “konkatsu” a play on the Japanese words for marriage and action. Shirakawa says there was an entire indust