托福阅读的必备技巧精读与泛读.docx

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托福阅读的必备技巧精读与泛读.docx

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托福阅读的必备技巧精读与泛读.docx

托福阅读的必备技巧精读与泛读

托福阅读的必备技巧：

精读与泛读

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福阅读的必备技巧：

精读与泛读，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。

更多精彩尽请关注!

托福阅读的必备技巧：

精读与泛读

单词：

想要做好托福阅读，背托福单词是最基础的。

这个就是需要学员自己完成任务。

但是尤为重要的一点是，托福考试中，对单词的考查不仅仅是背过单词含义就可以，更重要的是要学会应用，学会在文章中理解使用单词。

句子：

同中文的一句一句短小的句子不同，英文中的句子多是长句，有时候一个句子就是一段。

而且英文的句子多是主从复合句，以中式的思维逻辑来学习会很不习惯，不能适应句子的语序。

这就需要托福考生在平时的训练中多读多看，扩大泛读。

段落：

托福阅读的文章大多都是学术性比较强的文章，在学习中，会应用到TS+D和TS+D的变形方式的做题方法。

具体TS+D是什么，应该怎么用，在这里，姜老师给我们留了一个悬念，“关于TS+D会在托福强化班的课程中讲到，想要知道怎么用来上强化班就知道啦。

”

篇章：

像托福的题型之一--小结题，就会用到对全篇的把握和理解。

掌握对于全文的思维路线做这类题就会比较容易了。

对于全文的拐角，转弯处把握好了，全文的意思也就差不多了。

做题的时候还有注意对细节的把握。

有的学生会觉得托福阅读的题量很大，时间不够用，做不完题。

“其实这是因为学生在做题的时候没有做到详略得当。

把握好精读和泛读的区别，找准需要精读的地方，做起题来会又快又准。

”

托福阅读材料：

Groundwater

Groundwateristhewordusedtodescribewaterthatsaturatestheground,fillingalltheavailablespaces.Byfarthemostabundanttypeofgroundwaterismeteoricwater;thisisthegroundwaterthatcirculatesaspartofthewatercycle.Ordinarymeteoricwateriswaterthathassoakedintothegroundfromthesurface,fromprecipitation（rainandsnow）andfromlakesandstreams.Thereitremains,sometimesforlongperiods,beforeemergingatthesurfaceagain.Atfirstthoughtitseemsincrediblethattherecanbeenoughspaceinthe“solid”groundunderfoottoholdallthiswater.

Thenecessaryspaceisthere,however,inmanyforms.Thecommonestspacesarethoseamongtheparticles—sandgrainsandtinypebbles—ofloose,unconsolidatedsandandgravel.Bedsofthismaterial,outofsightbeneaththesoil,arecommon.Theyarefoundwhereverfastriverscarryingloadsofcoarsesedimentonceflowed.Forexample,asthegreaticesheetsthatcoveredNorthAmericaduringthelasticeagesteadilymeltedaway,hugevolumesofwaterflowedfromthem.Thewaterwasalwaysladenwithpebbles,gravel,andsand,knownasglacialoutwash,thatwasdepositedastheflowsloweddown.

Thesamethinghappenstothisday,thoughonasmallerscale,whereverasedimentladenriverorstreamemergesfromamountainvalleyontorelativelyflatland,droppingitsloadasthecurrentslows:

thewaterusuallyspreadsoutfanwise,depositingthesedimentintheformofasmooth,fan-shapedslope.Sedimentsarealsodroppedwhereariverslowsonenteringalakeorthesea,thedepositedsedimentsareonalakefloorortheseaflooratfirst,butwillbelocatedinlandatsomefuturedate,whenthesealevelfallsorthelandrises;suchbedsaresometimesthousandsofmetersthick.

Inlowlandcountryalmostanyspotonthegroundmayoverliewhatwasoncethebedofariverthathassincebecomeburiedbysoil;iftheyarenowbelowthewater’suppersurface（thewatertable）,thegravelsandsandsoftheformerriverbed,anditssandbars,willbesaturatedwithgroundwater.

Somuchforunconsolidatedsediments.Consolidated（orcemented）sediments,too,containmillionsofminutewater-holdingpores.Thisisbecausethegapsamongtheoriginalgrainsareoftennottotallypluggedwithcementingchemicals;also,partsoftheoriginalgrainsmaybecomedissolvedbypercolatinggroundwater,eitherwhileconsolidationistakingplaceoratanytimeafterwards.Theresultisthatsandstone,forexample,canbeasporousastheloosesandfromwhichitwasformed.

Thusaproportionofthetotalvolumeofanysediment,looseorcemented,consistsofemptyspace.Mostcrystallinerocksaremuchmoresolid;acommonexceptionisbasalt,aformofsolidifiedvolcaniclava,whichissometimesfulloftinybubblesthatmakeitveryporous.

Theproportionofemptyspaceinarockisknownasitsporosity.Butnotethatporosityisnotthesameaspermeability,whichmeasurestheeasewithwhichwatercanflowthroughamaterial;thisdependsonthesizesoftheindividualcavitiesandthecreviceslinkingthem.Muchofthewaterinasampleofwater-saturatedsedimentorrockwilldrainfromitifthesampleisputinasuitabledryplace.Butsomewillremain,clingingtoallsolidsurfaces.Itisheldtherebytheforceofsurfacetensionwithoutwhichwaterwoulddraininstantlyfromanywetsurface,leavingittotallydry.Thetotalvolumeofwaterinthesaturatedsamplemustthereforebethoughtofasconsistingofwaterthatcan,andwaterthatcannot,drainaway.

Therelativeamountofthesetwokindsofwatervariesgreatlyfromonekindofrockorsedimenttoanother,eventhoughtheirporositiesmaybethesame.Whathappensdependsonporesize.Iftheporesarelarge,thewaterinthemwillexistasdropstooheavyforsurfacetensiontohold,anditwilldrainaway;butiftheporesaresmallenough,thewaterinthemwillexistasthinfilms,toolighttoovercometheforceofsurfacetensionholdingtheminplace;thenthewaterwillbefirmlyheld.

Paragraph1:

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph1aboutthegroundthatwewalkon?

○Itcannotholdrainwaterforlongperiodsoftime.

○Itpreventsmostgroundwaterfromcirculating.

○Ithasthecapacitytostorelargeamountsofwater.

○Itabsorbsmostofthewateritcontainsfromrivers.

2.Theword“incredible”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

○Confusing

○Comforting

○Unbelievable

○Interesting

Paragraph2:

3.Theword“outofsight”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

○Faraway

○Hidden

○Partlyvisible

○Discovered

4.Accordingtoparagraph2,whereisgroundwaterusuallyfound?

○Insidepiecesofsandandgravel

○Ontopofbedsofrock

○Infastriversthatareflowingbeneaththesoil

○Inspacesbetweenpiecesofsediment

5.Thephrase“glacialoutwash”inthepassagerefersto

○Fastrivers

○Glaciers

○Thehugevolumesofwatercreatedbyglacialmelting

○Theparticlescarriedinwaterfrommeltingglaciers.

Paragraph3:

Thesamethinghappenstothisday,thoughonasmallerscale,whereverasediment-ladenriverorstreamemergesfromamountainvalleyontorelativelyflatland,droppingitsloadasthecurrentslows:

6.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraph3asplacesthatsediment-ladenriverscandeposittheirsedimentsEXCEPT

○Amountainvalley

○Flatland

○Alakefloor

○Theseafloor

Paragraph4:

7.Theword“overlie”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

○Cover

○Change

○Separate

○Surround

Paragraph5:

8.Thephrase“somuchfor”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

○Thatisenoughabout

○Nowletusturnto

○Ofgreaterconcernare

○Thisisrelatedto

9.Theword“plugged”inthepassageisclosetinmeaningto

○Washed

○Dragged

○Filledup

○Soakedthrough

Paragraph6:

Paragraph7:

10.Accordingtoparagraphs6and7,whyisbasaltunlikemostcrystallineformsofrock?

○Itisunusuallysolid

○Itoftenhashighporosity.

○Ithasalowproportionofemptyspace.

○Itishighlypermeable.

11.Whatisthemainpurposeofparagraph7?

○Toexplainwhywatercanflowthroughrock

○Toemphasizethelargeamountofemptyspaceinallrock

○Topointoutthatarockcannotbebothporousandpermeable

○Todistinguishbetweentworelatedproper

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