托福阅读的必备技巧精读与泛读.docx

1、托福阅读的必备技巧精读与泛读托福阅读的必备技巧：精读与泛读为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福阅读的必备技巧：精读与泛读，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注!托福阅读的必备技巧：精读与泛读单词：想要做好托福阅读，背托福单词是最基础的。这个就是需要学员自己完成任务。但是尤为重要的一点是，托福考试中，对单词的考查不仅仅是背过单词含义就可以，更重要的是要学会应用，学会在文章中理解使用单词。句子：同中文的一句一句短小的句子不同，英文中的句子多是长句，有时候一个句子就是一段。而且英文的句子多是主从复合句，以中式的思维逻辑来学习会很不习惯，不能适应句子的语序。这就需要托福考生在平时的训练中多

2、读多看，扩大泛读。段落：托福阅读的文章大多都是学术性比较强的文章，在学习中，会应用到TS+D和TS+D的变形方式的做题方法。具体TS+D是什么，应该怎么用，在这里，姜老师给我们留了一个悬念，“关于TS+D会在托福强化班的课程中讲到，想要知道怎么用来上强化班就知道啦。”篇章：像托福的题型之一-小结题，就会用到对全篇的把握和理解。掌握对于全文的思维路线做这类题就会比较容易了。对于全文的拐角，转弯处把握好了，全文的意思也就差不多了。做题的时候还有注意对细节的把握。有的学生会觉得托福阅读的题量很大，时间不够用，做不完题。“其实这是因为学生在做题的时候没有做到详略得当。把握好精读和泛读的区别，找准需要精

3、读的地方，做起题来会又快又准。”托福阅读材料：GroundwaterGroundwater is the word used to describe water that saturates the ground, filling all the available spaces. By far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoric water; this is the groundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle. Ordinary meteoric water is

4、 water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams. There it remains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again. At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underf

5、oot to hold all this water.The necessary space is there, however, in many forms. The commonest spaces are those among the particlessand grains and tiny pebblesof loose, unconsolidated sand and gravel. Beds of this material, out of sight beneath the soil, are common. They are found wherever fast rive

6、rs carrying loads of coarse sediment once flowed. For example, as the great ice sheets that covered North America during the last ice age steadily melted away, huge volumes of water flowed from them. The water was always laden with pebbles, gravel, and sand, known as glacial outwash, that was deposi

7、ted as the flow slowed down.The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sedimentladen river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the

8、form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope. Sediments are also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea, the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, but will be located inland at some future date, when the sea level falls or the land rises; such beds are sometimes

9、thousands of meters thick.In lowland country almost any spot on the ground may overlie what was once the bed of a river that has since become buried by soil; if they are now below the waters upper surface (the water table), the gravels and sands of the former riverbed, and its sandbars, will be satu

10、rated with groundwater.So much for unconsolidated sediments. Consolidated (or cemented) sediments, too, contain millions of minute water-holding pores. This is because the gaps among the original grains are often not totally plugged with cementing chemicals; also, parts of the original grains may be

11、come dissolved by percolating groundwater, either while consolidation is taking place or at any time afterwards. The result is that sandstone, for example, can be as porous as the loose sand from which it was formed.Thus a proportion of the total volume of any sediment, loose or cemented, consists o

12、f empty space. Most crystalline rocks are much more solid; a common exception is basalt, a form of solidified volcanic lava, which is sometimes full of tiny bubbles that make it very porous.The proportion of empty space in a rock is known as its porosity. But note that porosity is not the same as pe

13、rmeability, which measures the ease with which water can flow through a material; this depends on the sizes of the individual cavities and the crevices linking them. Much of the water in a sample of water-saturated sediment or rock will drain from it if the sample is put in a suitable dry place. But

14、 some will remain, clinging to all solid surfaces. It is held there by the force of surface tension without which water would drain instantly from any wet surface, leaving it totally dry. The total volume of water in the saturated sample must therefore be thought of as consisting of water that can,

15、and water that cannot, drain away.The relative amount of these two kinds of water varies greatly from one kind of rock or sediment to another, even though their porosities may be the same. What happens depends on pore size. If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for

16、surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.Paragraph 1: Groundwater is the word used to describe water tha

17、t saturates the ground,filling all the available spaces. By far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoric water; this is the groundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle. Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain and

18、 snow) and from lakes and streams. There it remains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again. At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.1. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1

19、 about the ground that we walk on?It cannot hold rainwater for long periods of time.It prevents most groundwater from circulating.It has the capacity to store large amounts of water.It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers.2. The word “ incredible ” in the passage is closest in meaning t

20、oConfusingComfortingUnbelievableInterestingParagraph 2: The necessary space is there, however, in many forms. The commonest spaces are those among the particlessand grains and tiny pebblesof loose, unconsolidated sand and gravel. Beds of this material, out of sight beneath the soil, are common. They

21、 are found wherever fast rivers carrying loads of coarse sediment once flowed. For example, as the great ice sheets that covered North America during the last ice age steadily melted away, huge volumes of water flowed from them. The water was always laden with pebbles, gravel, and sand, known as gla

22、cial outwash, that was deposited as the flow slowed down.3. The word “out of sight” in the passage is closest in meaning toFar awayHiddenPartly visibleDiscovered4. According to paragraph 2, where is groundwater usually found?Inside pieces of sand and gravelOn top of beds of rockIn fast rivers that a

23、re flowing beneath the soilIn spaces between pieces of sediment5. The phrase “glacial outwash” in the passage refers toFast riversGlaciersThe huge volumes of water created by glacial meltingThe particles carried in water from melting glaciers.Paragraph 3: The same thing happens to this day, though o

24、n a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope. Sediments are also dropped where a

25、river slows on entering a lake or the sea, the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, but will be located inland at some future date, when the sea level falls or the land rises; such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick.6. All of the following are mentioned in para

26、graph 3 as places that sediment-laden rivers can deposit their sediments EXCEPTA mountain valleyFlat landA lake floorThe seafloorParagraph 4: In lowland country almost any spot on the ground may overlie what was once the bed of a river that has since become buried by soil; if they are now below the

27、waters upper surface (the water table), the gravels and sands of the former riverbed, and its sandbars, will be saturated with groundwater.7. The word “overlie” in the passage is closest in meaning toCoverChangeSeparateSurroundParagraph 5: So much for unconsolidated sediments. Consolidated (or cemen

28、ted) sediments, too, contain millions of minute water-holding pores. This is because the gaps among the original grains are often not totally plugged with cementing chemicals; also, parts of the original grains may become dissolved by percolating groundwater, either while consolidation is taking pla

29、ce or at any time afterwards. The result is that sandstone, for example, can be as porous as the loose sand from which it was formed.8. The phrase “so much for” in the passage is closest in meaning toThat is enough aboutNow let us turn toOf greater concern areThis is related to9. The word “plugged”

30、in the passage is closet in meaning toWashedDraggedFilled upSoaked throughParagraph 6: Thus a proportion of the total volume of any sediment, loose or cemented, consists of empty space. Most crystalline rocks are much more solid; a common exception is basalt, a form of solidified volcanic lava, whic

31、h is sometimes full of tiny bubbles that make it very porous.Paragraph 7: The proportion of empty space in a rock is known as its porosity. But note that porosity is not the same as permeability, which measures the ease with which water can flow through a material; this depends on the sizes of the i

32、ndividual cavities and the crevices linking them.10. According to paragraphs 6 and 7, why is basalt unlike most crystalline forms of rock?It is unusually solidIt often has high porosity.It has a low proportion of empty space.It is highly permeable.11. What is the main purpose of paragraph 7?To explain why water can flow through rockTo emphasize the large amount of empty space in all rockTo point out that a rock cannot be both porous and permeableTo distinguish between two related proper