完整版英语划分句子成分精讲和考试题.docx
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完整版英语划分句子成分精讲和考试题
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
句子从用途上分：
1.陈述句：
1）肯定句2）否定句
2疑问句：
1）一般疑问句2）选择疑问句3）反意疑问句4）特殊疑问句5）双重疑问句
3．祈使句：
4．感叹句：
1）what2）How
句子从结构上分：
1．简单句2．并列句3．并列复合句
4．复合句（主从复合句）
1）名词性从句：
____________________________________________
2）形容词性从句：
定从（________________________________________________）
3）副词性从句:
状从______________________________________________
简单句的五种基本句型:
1、________________________2、________________________3、_______________________________
4、________________________________5、_______________________________________
主语（subject）:
句子的主要说的人或物。
是句子的行为或动作的主体。
（写出做主语的词性）
Thesunrisesintheeast._________________________Helikesdancing.
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Seeingisbelieving.
Toseeistobelieve. Whatheneedsisabook.
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.
（一）.指出下列句中主语的中心词
①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.
②Thereisanoldmancominghere.
③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.
④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.
谓语（predicate）:
说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
（写出做谓语的词性）
WestudyEnglish. __________________________Helikesplayingthegames._______________________
（二）选出句中谓语的中心词
①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don't B.like C.picture D.wall
②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.get B.longer C.days D.summer
③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?
A.Do B.usually C.go D.bus
④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.
A.willbe B.meeting C.thelibrary D.afternoon
⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?
A.Did B.twins C.have D.breakfast
⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.Tom B.didn't C.do D.hishomework
⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.want B.totell C.you D.is
⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.We B.had C.send D.doctor
⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.is B.interested C.in D.music
⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?
A.give B.did C.whomD.book
表语（predicative）:
系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
（写出做表语的词性）
Heisateacher. Fiveandfiveisten.
Heisasleep. Hisfatherisin.
Thepictureisonthewall. Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.
Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.
（常见的系动词有:
be/feel/sound/look/taste/smell/keep,stay,remain/get,become,turn/feel
Itsoundsagoodidea. Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.
Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious. Thefoodtastesgood.
Thedoorremainsopen. NowIfeeltired.
（三）挑出下列句中的表语
①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?
③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.
宾语：
动作的对象或者内容。
（写出做宾语的词性）
1）动作的承受者-----动宾
IlikeChina.________Hehatesyou.________
Howmanydoyouneed?
Weneedtwo._______Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor. _______
Ienjoyworkingwithyou. ______Ihopetoseeyouagain. _________
Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?
____________
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Areyouafraidofthesnake?
__________ Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks._________
3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
Hegavemeabookyesterday. ________________ Givethepoormansomemoney._________________
（四）挑出下列句中的宾语
①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.
③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?
⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?
⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.
⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.
⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas" reallyis.
划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
1Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.
③MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.
⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?
宾补：
对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
（写出做宾补的词性）
Weelectedhimmonitor. ________________Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere._________
Wewillmakethemhappy.____________________Wefoundnobodyin. ____________
Pleasemakeyourselfathome.__________Don’tlethimdothat.___________________
Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.______________
Don’tkeepthelightsburning._____________I’llhavemybikerepaired._______________________
主补：
对主语的补充。
（写出做主补的词性）
Hewaselectedmonitor. _____________Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.______________
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.____________________
（五）挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.
②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.
④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.
⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?
定语：
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：
something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。
副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
（写出做定语的词性）
AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.__________ Heisourfriend.________________
Webelongtothethirdworld. ________________Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.______
Themanoverthereismyoldfriend._________________________
Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.___________________
TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2. __________Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.
Ihaveanideatodoitwell. _______________YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo. ________________
（六）挑出下列句中的定语
①Theyuse Mr,Mrswiththefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?
③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.
⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!
状语：
用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步.状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：
通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：
often）或程度（如：
almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。
1）副词做状语：
Theteachercamein,withglassesonhisnose.（注意，此句onhisnose不可省略！
）
Theboyneedsapenverymuch（程度状语）
Theboyneedsverymuchthepenboughtbyhismother.男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支笔。
（宾语较长状前置）
Theboyreallyneedsapen.男孩真的需要一支钢笔。
（程度状语）
Theboyneedsapennow.Nowtheboyneedsapen.=Theboy,now,needsapen.男孩现在需要一支钢笔。
2）介词短语作状语：
Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen.在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。
（地点状语）
Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.（条件状语）
OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.星期天,教室里没有学生.（时间状语）
3）分词（短语）作状语：
Hesitsthere,askingforapen.他坐在那儿要一支笔。
（表示伴随状态）
Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen.因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。
（原因状语）
Frightened,hesitstheresoundlessly.（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。
（原因状语）
4）不定式作状语：
Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。
（目的状语）
Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness.为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商很有兴趣.
5）名词作状语：
Comethisway!
/走这条路！
（方向状语）
6）状语从句：
时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句.
（七）挑出下列句中的状语
①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.
③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.
⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.
⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.
⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.
划分句子成分练习题：
1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou
3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.
5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．
7.---Iloveyoumorethanher，child．8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.
9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.
11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching
13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.
15.Don'tgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike．16.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.
17.Hedidn'tcome．Thatiswhyhedidn'tknow．18.Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures.
19.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.20.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.
简单句的基本句型：
一、主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）
1、Youshouldstudyhard.2、Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.
3、Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.4、Themeetingwilllasttwohours.
5、Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.
6、Thingsofthatsortarehappeningallovertheworldeveryday.
7、TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.8、Classesbeginateighteveryday.
二、主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）
1、Iwrotealetterlastnight.2、Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.
3、Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4、Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.
5、Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.
三、主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋主语补语）
1、Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2、Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.
3、MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.4、Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.
5、Children,keepquietplease.
四、双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
1、MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.2、Grandmatoldmeaninte
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