完整版英语划分句子成分精讲和考试题.docx

1、完整版英语划分句子成分精讲和考试题英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习句子从用途上分： 1. 陈述句： 1） 肯定句 2） 否定句2疑问句 ：1）一般疑问句 2）选择疑问句 3）反意疑问句 4）特殊疑问句 5）双重疑问句3祈使句： 4感叹句： 1）what 2）How句子从结构上分：1简单句 2并列句 3并列复合句4复合句（主从复合句）1）名词性从句：_2）形容词性从句：定从 （_）3) 副词性从句: 状从_简单句的五种基本句型:1、_2、_3、_4、_ 5、_主语（subject）: 句子的主要说的人或物。是句子的行为或动作的主体。（写出做主语的词性）The sun rises in the

2、 east._He likes dancing. Twenty years is a short time in history. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. What he needs is a book. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an ol

3、d man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. 谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。（写出做谓语的词性）We study English._ He likes playing the games._(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. p

4、icture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. getB. longerC. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will beB. meetingC. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for th

5、eir breakfast? A. Did B. twinsC. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. is B. intereste

6、d C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to? A. give B .did C. whom D. book表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。（写出做表语的词性）He is a teacher. Five and five is ten. He is asleep. His father is in. The picture is on the wall. My watch is gone / missing / lost. To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I

7、cant buy a ring. The question is whether they will come. （常见的系动词有: be /feel / sound /look / taste/ smell/ keep, stay ,remain / get, become, turn / feel It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door r

8、emains open. Now I feel tired.(三) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.宾语：动作的对象或者内容。（写出做宾语的词性）1）动作的承受者-动宾I like China. _ He hates you. _How many do

9、 you need? We need two._ We should help the old and the poor. _I enjoy working with you._ I hope to see you again._Did you write down what he said? _2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Are you afraid of the snake?_ Under the snow, there are many rocks._3）双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday._Give the poor man

10、 some money._(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the ga

11、te said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 1 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week.

12、 Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。（写出做宾补的词性）We elected him monitor. _ We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. _We will make them happy. _ We found nobody in._Please make yourself at home. _ Dont l

13、et him do that. _His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. _ Dont keep the lights burning. _ Ill have my bike repaired. _主补：对主语的补充。（写出做主补的词性）He was elected monitor. _ She was found singing in the next room . _He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson ._ (五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes th

14、e children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常

15、用的表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。（写出做定语的词性）Ai Yan ling is a chemistry teacher._ He is our friend. _We belong to the third world. _ He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson._The man over there is my old friend._

16、The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister._The boys playing football are in Class 2. _The trees planted last year are growing well now. I have an idea to do it well._You should do everything that I do._(六) 挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third la

17、p are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步.状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句

18、子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。1）副词做状语：The teacher came in, with glasses on his nose.（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！）The boy needs a pen very much（程度状语）The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother. 男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支笔。（宾语较长状前置）The boy really needs a

19、 pen. 男孩真的需要一支钢笔。 （程度状语）The boy needs a pen now. Now the boy needs a pen.=The boy, now , needs a pen. 男孩现在需要一支钢笔。2）介词短语作状语：In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. 在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）Before his mother, Tom is always a boy. 在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 星期天,教室

20、里没有学生.(时间状语)3）分词（短语）作状语：He sits there, asking for a pen. 他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen. 因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）Frightened, he sits there soundlessly. （因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）4）不定式作状语：The boy needs a pen to do his homework.男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）To make his dream c

21、ome true, Tom becomes very interested in business.为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商很有兴趣.5）名词作状语：Come this way!/走这条路！（方向状语）6）状语从句：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句 .(七) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven.

22、 The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.划分句子成分练习题：1. Our school is not

23、 far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city7. -I love you more than her，child 8. Tees turn green when spring comes.9

24、. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. Dont get nervous，help you

25、rself to what you like 16.We will make our school more beautiful.17. He didnt comeThat is why he didnt know 18. She showed us her many of her pictures. 19. The old man lives a lonely life. 20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. 简单句的基本句型：一、主谓结构 （ 主语 不及物动词 ）1、You should

26、study hard. 2、 She went home very late yesterday evening. 3、That morning we talked a great deal. 4、The meeting will last two hours. 5、Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 6、Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day. 7、The May Fourth Movement brok

27、e out in Beijing in 1919. 8、Classes begin at eight every day. 二、主谓宾结构 （主语 及物动词 宾语 ）1、I wrote a letter last night. 2、I want to talk with you this afternoon.3、He has read this book many times. 4、They have carried out the plan successfully.5、You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 三、主系表结构 （主语

28、 系动词 主语补语 ）1、My brothers are all college students. 2、In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. 3、 Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4、At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. 5、 Children, keep quiet please. 四、双宾语结构 （主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 ）1、Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2、Grandma told me an inte