英语高一英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案.docx

英语高一英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案.docx

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英语高一英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案

【英语】高一英语阅读理解（科普环保）题20套（带答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读理解

   Babieshaveanastonishingtalentthatadultsentirelylose.Bytheageofone,theycanrecognisethesignificantnoisesaroundthemandgroupthemintoalanguage.Whenwehavelostthiscapacityasadults,itbecomesenormouslydifficulttodistinguishbetweensoundsthatareglaringlydifferenttoanativespeaker.ItallsoundsGreektous.Thisisbecausetherangeofpossiblesoundsthathumansusetoconveymeaningmaybeashighas2,000,butfewlanguagesusemorethan100andeventhenthesignificantnoises－thephonemes（音素）ofalanguage－eachcoverarangeofsoundsandsovaguedistinctionswhichwouldchangethemeaningofawordinotherlanguages.

   Butwheredothesephonemescomefromandwhydotheyshiftovertime?

Newresearchsuggeststhattheapparentlyarbitrarydistributionofsomesoundsaroundtheworldmaybepartiallyexplainedbydiet.Thisisunexpected.We'dratherthinkoflanguageasproductofourthought

 ratherthanofthearrangementofourteeth.Inreality,though,anygivenlanguagemustbeboth.

   Huntergathererlanguagesveryseldomusethesoundsknownaslabiodentals（唇齿音）－thosesuchasfandv－thataremadebytouchingthelowerlipwiththeupperteeth.OnlytwoofthehundredsofAustralianaboriginallanguagesusethem,forexample.Butinculturesthathavediscoveredfarming,theseconsonants（辅音）aremuchmorecommon.Theargumentgoesthatfarmerseatmorecookedfoodandmoredairythanhuntergatherers.Eitherway,theyneedtochewmushless,andtobitelesswiththeirfrontteeth.Sofarmersgrewupwithsmallerlowerjawsandmoreofanoverbitethantheirancestorswhohadtobitethroughharderfoods.Itbecameeasierforthemtomakethelabiodentalconsonantsinsteadofpurelylabial（唇音）ones:

oneexampleisthatfcometotaketheplaceofp.Romanssaid"pater"butEnglishspeakers（unlessthey'reRees－Moggs）say"father".

   Beyondtheseparticularchanges,thestoryhighlightsthewayinwhicheverythingdistinctivelyhumanisbothmaterialandspiritual:

speechmustcombinesoundandmeaning,andthemeaningcan'texistorbetransmittedwithoutarealobject.Butneithercanitbereducedtothepurelyphysical,asourinabilitytounderstandoreventorecogniseforeignlanguagesmakesclear.Thefoodweeatshapesourjaws,andourjawsinturnshapethesoundsofourlanguage.Theeasewithwhichweeatprobablyshapesourthoughttoo,asanyonewhohassufferedtoothachecouldtestify.Whatweeatmayhaveshapedthesoundsofourlanguage,buthowweeatchangeshowwefeelandwhatweuselanguagetoexpress.Afamilymealisverydifferentfromasandwichattheofficedesk,evenifthecalorieisthesame.FoodhaspurposesandmeaningsfarbeyondkeepingusaliveandpleasingthePalate（味觉）.

（1）Comparedwithadults,babiescouldmoreeasily             .

A. createsignificantnoises

B. classifytheformsofnoises

C. understandtheGreeklanguage

D. distinguishmeaningfulsounds

（2）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingfactorshelpshapelanguage?

A. Lipsandteeth.         B. Jobsandhabits.         C. Ageandregions.         D. Foodandthinking.

（3）Thereasonforfarmers'makingsoundsof"f"and"v"is             .

A. enjoyingmorecookedfoods

B. bitingmorewithfrontteeth

C. constantlychewingharderfoods

D. growingupwithlagerlowerjaws

（4）Bywritingthispassage,theauthorintendstoreveal             .

A. jawshelpshapeourthought

B. fooddeterminesourthought

C. diethassomeinfluenceonlanguage

D. languageconsistsofsoundandmeaning

【答案】

（1）D

（2）D

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人们一直以来认为语言是思想的产物，但是有新的研究表明饮食对于语言也会产生一些影响。

且以f和v的发音为例，揭示了农民们发"f"和"v"音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。

同时这也强调了人类特有的一切都是物质和精神的结合:

语言必须把声音和意义结合起来，没有真实的物体，意义就不可能存在或传播。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Bytheageofone,theycanrecognizethesignificantnoisesaroundthemandgroupthemintoalanguage.”可知一岁的婴儿和成人相比更能识别出周围的重要声音，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Newresearchsuggeststhattheapparentlyarbitrarydistributionofsomesoundsaroundtheworldmaybepartiallyexplainedbydiet.”可知某些声音在世界范围内的任意分布，部分可以用饮食来解释。

本段提到sound和diet是有关系的,也就是food食物；另外也和思考有关theproductofthought,本段最后说到和两者都有关系。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Theargumentgoesthatfamerseatmorecookedfoodandmoredairythanhuntergatherers.”可知农民比狩猎采集者吃更多的熟食和奶制品，即农民们发"f"和"v"音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第二段中的“We'dratherthinkoflanguageasproductofourthought,ratherthanofthearrangementofourteeth.Inreality,though,anygivenlanguagemustbeboth.”可知任何一种语言的诞生都必须同时具备思想和饮食这两种因素的影响。

以及文章内容可知叙述的都是日常饮食和发音对语言的影响，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读理解

   Newsanchors（主播）musthavebeenreluctanttoreadoutthefollowingnews:

XinXiaomengbeganworkingastheworld'sfirstfemaleartificial（人工的）intelligencenewsanchoratXinhuaNewsAgencyonSunday,threemonthsafteramalerobotjoinedtheprofession.

   Unlikepreviousnewsrobotsthough,Xindoesnotreadnewslikeacoldmachine;shereadsitalmostlikeahumanbeing.Themusclesonherfacestretchandrelax-andherreactionschange-asshecontinuesreading.That'swhymanynewsanchorswereworried:

WillAIreplaceusinthenearfuture?

   Tofindtheanswer,wehavetoanalysethetechnologiesthatsupportXinatherjob.ThreekeytechnologiesareusedtosupportXin.First,samplesofhumanvoicesarecollectedandsynthesized（合成）.Thisisfollowedbythecollectionandsynthesisofhumanmusclemovementsamples.AndthirdthevoicesandmovementsaremarriedinawaythatwhentheAlnewsanchorreads,themicro-electricmotorsbehindherfacemovetomakeherexpressionsseemmorehuman.

   Yetweneedathoroughknowledgeofdeepleaningtechnologytomakearobotimitateaperson'svoice.Thedeveloperneedstocollecttensofthousandsofpiecesofpronunciations,inputthemintothemachineandmatchthemwiththetextortheAltoleanandread.Theprocessforimitatingfacialmovementsissimilar.Thedeveloperhastoanalysethemovementsofthe53musclesinthehumanface,makeamodelsetfromthecollecteddatafortheAInewsanchortolean,andimitatethemovementsoffacialmusclesviaprograms

   BoththetechnologiesusedtomakeXin'sperformanceimpressivearemature.Therealdifficultyliesinthethird-thetechnologytomatchthepronunciationswithfacialmovementssothatXinexpressionsvaryaccordingtothecontentofthenewsreport.Infact,Xinsexpressionsdon'talwayschangeaccordingtothecontent.Asaresult,herexpressionslookanythingbuthuman.Actually.AIisstillnomatchforhumanqualities.

（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reluctant"inthefirstparagraphmean?

A. Delighted.                       

B. Unwilling.                       

C. Confused.                       

D. Optimistic.

（2）Whatcanweinferaboutpreviousnewsrobots?

A. Theyreadnewswithoutexpressions.

B. Theylookedlikeahumanbeing

C. Theycouldinterviewsportsstars

D. Theycouldinteractwithaudience.

（3）Whatdoweknowaboutthethirdtechnology?

A. Thistechnologyisveryperfectsofar

B. Thistechnologyisquitepopularnow

C. Thistechnologyremainsatthetheoreticalstage

D. Thistechnologyisfarfrommature.

（4）Fromthelastparagraph,wecandrawaconclusionthat____.

A. humannewsanchorsshouldlearnfromATanchorstosavetheirjobs

B. Alanchorsperformmuchbetterthanhumannewsanchorsatpresent

C. Alnewsanchorswon'treplacehumannewsanchorsinthenearfuture

D. XinXiaomengsexpressionsvarysonaturallythattheyaretruetolife

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，上周日，新华社新闻主播辛晓萌成为世界上第一位女性人工智能新闻主播，作者介绍了人工智能背后的技术，并指出在不久的将来，人工智能新闻主播不会取代人类新闻主播。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的"XinXiaomengbeganworkingastheworld'sfirstfemaleartificial（人工的）intelligencenewsanchoratXinhuaNewsAgencyonSunday"及第二段中的"That'swhymanynewsanchorswereworried:

WillAIreplaceusinthenearfuture?

"可知，担心将来自己的工作会被人工智能取代的新闻主播一定不愿意透露下面这个消息：

上周日，新华社新闻主播辛晓萌成为世界上第一位女性人工智能新闻主播，由此可知画线词词义为"不愿意的"，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的"Unlikepreviousnewsrobotsthough,Xindoesnotreadnewslikeacoldmachine;shereadsitalmostlikeahumanbeing.Themusclesonherfacestretchandrelax-andherreactionschange-asshecontinuesreading."可知，与以前的机器人主播不同的是，辛晓萌读起来不像一台冷冰冰的机器，就像是一个活生生的人，她读新闻的时候脸上的肌肉能够伸展和放松，面部反应也发生了变化，由此可知，以前的机器人主播读新闻时面无表情，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"Therealdifficultyliesinthethird-thetechnologytomatchthepronunciationswithfacialmovementssothatXinexpressionsvaryaccordingtothecontentofthenewsreport.Infact,Xinsexpressionsdon'talwayschangeaccordingtothecontent.Asaresult,herexpressionslookanythingbuthuman."可知，真正的难点在于第三技术，使辛晓萌的面部表情根据新闻报道的内容而变化，事实上，辛晓萌的表情不总是随着内容而变化，她的表情一点也不像人类，由此可知，第三技术还远远不够成熟，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"Actually.AIisstillnomatchforhumanqualities."可知，人工智能仍无法与人类素质相匹敌，由此可知，在不久的将来，人工智能新闻主播不会取代人类新闻主播，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读理解

   "Actingistheleastmysteriousofallcrafts,"MarionBrandooncesaid.Butforscientists,workingoutwhatisgoingoninanactor'sheadhasalwaysbeensomethingofapuzzle.

   Now,researchershavesaidactorsshowdifferentpatternsofbrainactivitydependingonwhethertheyareincharacterornot.

   DrStevenBrown,fromMcMasterUniversityinCanada,said,"Itlookslikewhenyouareacting,youaresuppressing（压制）yourself;almostlikethecharacterispossessingyou."

   Brownandcolleaguesreporthow15actors,mainlytheatrestudents,weretrainedtotakeonaShakespearerole—eitherRomeoorJuliet—inatheatreworkshop.Theyweretheninvitedintothelaboratory,wheretheirbrainswerescannedinas