英语高一英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案.docx

1、英语高一英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案【英语】高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读理解 Babies have an astonishing talent that adults entirely lose. By the age of one, they can recognise the significant noises around them and group them into a language. When we have lost this capacity as adults, it becomes enormousl

2、y difficult to distinguish between sounds that are glaringly different to a native speaker. It all sounds Greek to us. This is because the range of possible sounds that humans use to convey meaning may be as high as 2,000, but few languages use more than 100 and even then the significant noisesthe p

3、honemes (音素) of a languageeach cover a range of sounds and so vague distinctions which would change the meaning of a word in other languages. But where do these phonemes come from and why do they shift over time? New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some sounds around

4、the world may be partially explained by diet. This is unexpected. Wed rather think of language as product of our thought rather than of the arrangement of our teeth. In reality, though, any given language must be both. Hunter gatherer languages very seldom use the sounds known as labiodentals (唇齿音)t

5、hose such as f and vthat are made by touching the lower lip with the upper teeth. Only two of the hundreds of Australian aboriginal languages use them, for example. But in cultures that have discovered farming, these consonants (辅音) are much more common. The argument goes that farmers eat more cooke

6、d food and more dairy than hunter gatherers. Either way, they need to chew mush less, and to bite less with their front teeth. So farmers grew up with smaller lower jaws and more of an overbite than their ancestors who had to bite through harder foods. It became easier for them to make the labiodent

7、al consonants instead of purely labial (唇音) ones: one example is that f come to take the place of p. Romans said pater but English speakers (unless theyre ReesMoggs) say father. Beyond these particular changes, the story highlights the way in which everything distinctively human is both material and

8、 spiritual: speech must combine sound and meaning, and the meaning cant exist or be transmitted without a real object. But neither can it be reduced to the purely physical, as our inability to understand or even to recognise foreign languages makes clear. The food we eat shapes our jaws, and our jaw

9、s in turn shape the sounds of our language. The ease with which we eat probably shapes our thought too, as anyone who has suffered toothache could testify. What we eat may have shaped the sounds of our language, but how we eat changes how we feel and what we use language to express. A family meal is

10、 very different from a sandwich at the office desk, even if the calorie is the same. Food has purposes and meanings far beyond keeping us alive and pleasing the Palate (味觉).（1）Compared with adults, babies could more easily . A.create significant noisesB.classify the forms of noisesC.understand the G

11、reek languageD.distinguish meaningful sounds（2）According to the passage, which of the following factors help shape language? A.Lips and teeth.B.Jobs and habits.C.Age and regions.D.Food and thinking.（3）The reason for farmers making sounds of f and v is . A.enjoying more cooked foodsB.biting more with

12、 front teethC.constantly chewing harder foodsD.growing up with lager lower jaws（4）By writing this passage, the author intends to reveal . A.jaws help shape our thoughtB.food determines our thoughtC.diet has some influence on languageD.language consists of sound and meaning【答案】 （1）D（2）D（3）A（4）C 【解析】【

13、分析】本文是一篇说明文，人们一直以来认为语言是思想的产物，但是有新的研究表明饮食对于语言也会产生一些影响。且以f和v的发音为例，揭示了农民们发f和v音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。同时这也强调了人类特有的一切都是物质和精神的结合:语言必须把声音和意义结合起来，没有真实的物体，意义就不可能存在或传播。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“By the age of one, they can recognize the significant noises around them and group them into a language.”可知一岁的婴儿和成人相比更能识别出周围的重要声音，故

14、选D。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some sounds around the world may be partially explained by diet.”可知某些声音在世界范围内的任意分布，部分可以用饮食来解释。本段提到sound和diet是有关系的,也就是food食物；另外也和思考有关the product of thought,本段最后说到和两者都有关系。故选D。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The argument goes

15、that famers eat more cooked food and more dairy than hunter gatherers.”可知农民比狩猎采集者吃更多的熟食和奶制品，即农民们发f和v音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。故选A。 （4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Wed rather think of language as product of our thought, rather than of the arrangement of our teeth. In reality, though, any given language must be both.”可知任何一种语

16、言的诞生都必须同时具备思想和饮食这两种因素的影响。以及文章内容可知叙述的都是日常饮食和发音对语言的影响，故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读理解 News anchors(主播) must have been reluctant to read out the following news: Xin Xiaomeng began working as the worlds first female artificial(人工的) intelligence news

17、anchor at Xinhua News Agency on Sunday, three months after a male robot joined the profession. Unlike previous news robots though, Xin does not read news like a cold machine; she reads it almost like a human being. The muscles on her face stretch and relax-and her reactions change-as she continues r

18、eading. Thats why many news anchors were worried: Will AI replace us in the near future? To find the answer, we have to analyse the technologies that support Xin at her job. Three key technologies are used to support Xin. First, samples of human voices are collected and synthesized (合成). This is fol

19、lowed by the collection and synthesis of human muscle movement samples. And third the voices and movements are married in a way that when the Al news anchor reads, the micro -electric motors behind her face move to make her expressions seem more human. Yet we need a thorough knowledge of deep leanin

20、g technology to make a robot imitate a persons voice. The developer needs to collect tens of thousands of pieces of pronunciations, input them into the machine and match them with the text or the Al to lean and read. The process for imitating facial movements is similar. The developer has to analyse

21、 the movements of the 53 muscles in the human face, make a model set from the collected data for the AI news anchor to lean, and imitate the movements of facial muscles via programs Both the technologies used to make Xins performance impressive are mature. The real difficulty lies in the third -the

22、technology to match the pronunciations with facial movements so that Xin expressions vary according to the content of the news report. In fact, Xins expressions dont always change according to the content. As a result, her expressions look anything but human. Actually. AI is still no match for human

23、 qualities.（1）What does the underlined word reluctant in the first paragraph mean? A.Delighted.B.Unwilling.C.Confused.D.Optimistic.（2）What can we infer about previous news robots? A.They read news without expressions.B.They looked like a human beingC.They could interview sports starsD.They could int

24、eract with audience.（3）What do we know about the third technology? A.This technology is very perfect so farB.This technology is quite popular nowC.This technology remains at the theoretical stageD.This technology is far from mature.（4）From the last paragraph, we can draw a conclusion that_. A.human

25、news anchors should learn from AT anchors to save their jobsB.Al anchors perform much better than human news anchors at presentC.Al news anchors wont replace human news anchors in the near futureD.Xin Xiaomeng s expressions vary so naturally that they are true to life【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文

26、是一篇说明文，上周日，新华社新闻主播辛晓萌成为世界上第一位女性人工智能新闻主播，作者介绍了人工智能背后的技术，并指出在不久的将来，人工智能新闻主播不会取代人类新闻主播。 （1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的Xin Xiaomeng began working as the worlds first female artificial(人工的) intelligence news anchor at Xinhua News Agency on Sunday及第二段中的Thats why many news anchors were worried: Will AI replace us in th

27、e near future?可知，担心将来自己的工作会被人工智能取代的新闻主播一定不愿意透露下面这个消息：上周日，新华社新闻主播辛晓萌成为世界上第一位女性人工智能新闻主播，由此可知画线词词义为不愿意的，故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的Unlike previous news robots though, Xin does not read news like a cold machine; she reads it almost like a human being. The muscles on her face stretch and relax-and her reactio

28、ns change-as she continues reading.可知，与以前的机器人主播不同的是，辛晓萌读起来不像一台冷冰冰的机器，就像是一个活生生的人，她读新闻的时候脸上的肌肉能够伸展和放松，面部反应也发生了变化，由此可知，以前的机器人主播读新闻时面无表情，故选A。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的The real difficulty lies in the third -the technology to match the pronunciations with facial movements so that Xin expressions vary according t

29、o the content of the news report. In fact, Xins expressions don t always change according to the content. As a result, her expressions look anything but human.可知，真正的难点在于第三技术，使辛晓萌的面部表情根据新闻报道的内容而变化，事实上，辛晓萌的表情不总是随着内容而变化，她的表情一点也不像人类，由此可知，第三技术还远远不够成熟，故选D。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的Actually. AI is still no match

30、for human qualities.可知，人工智能仍无法与人类素质相匹敌，由此可知，在不久的将来，人工智能新闻主播不会取代人类新闻主播，故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3犇犇阅读理解 Acting is the least mysterious of all crafts, Marion Brando once said. But for scientists, working out what is going on in an actors head has alwa

31、ys been something of a puzzle. Now, researchers have said actors show different patterns of brain activity depending on whether they are in character or not. Dr Steven Brown, from McMaster University in Canada, said, It looks like when you are acting, you are suppressing (压制) yourself; almost like the character is possessing you. Brown and colleagues report how 15 actors, mainly theatre students, were trained to take on a Shakespeare role either Romeo or Juliet in a theatre workshop. They were then invited into the laboratory, where their brains were scanned in a s