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翻译英文

Thepreparationmethodof3dporousscaffoldtissueengineeringandtechnicalprogress

吴林波，丁建东

Fudanuniversityofpolymerscience,polymermolecularengineeringofministryofeducationkeylaboratoryofShanghai

Abstract:

oneofthekeytechnologyoftissueengineeringistohavegoodbiocompatibilityandbiodegradationabsorptionperformanceofbiomaterialspreparationintoconnectedwithaspecificshapeandporestructureofthree-dimensionalporousscaffolds,extracellularmatrixsubstitution）.Thispaperfocusesonporousscaffoldspreparationmethodsrespectivelyandporousscaffoldporestructureandshapeoftheinnerlink,fromtwolevelstoholeandshapeformingontissueengineeringporousscaffoldspreparationmethodsandtechnologiesofrecentresearchprogressarereviewed.

Keywords:

tissueengineering;Porousscaffolds;Biomedicalmaterials;Biodegradablepolymer

Tissueengineeringisthebasicprincipleandmethodoftheinvitrocultureandamplificationofthenormaltissuecellsgrowtohavegoodbiocompatibilityandcanbegraduallydegradedinthebodytoabsorbontissueengineeringporousscaffolds,formacell?

Scaffolds,cellproliferationanddifferentiationontheholder,andthenimplantedtissuedamagetothecomplexparts,continuetoproliferationandsecretionofextracellularmatrixinthebody,withthegradualdegradationofthematerial,formnewcompatiblewithitsfunctionandformoftissueororgans,soastoachievethepurposeofrepairingdamagetotissuesororgans.Thismethodwillmaketissuedefecttreatmentfromaneweraoforgantransplantorgansintomanufacturing.

polymers.Asaneffectivecellsscaffold,materialitselfisnotenough.Oneofthekeytechnologyoftissueengineeringisthebiologicalmaterialswithacertainshapeandporestructureofthree-dimensionalporousscaffolds.Therehavebeenmanyarticlesontissueengineeringporousscaffolds,thepreparationmethodsareintroducedandreviewed,butfocusesontheholemethodandthebracketholestructure,rarelyinvolvestentappearancemoldingmethod.Thispaperfocusesonporousscaffoldporestructureandshapeandthepreparationmethodofinnerlink,accordingtoourunderstandingoftheresultingfromtheholeandshapeformingtwolevelsontissueengineeringporousscaffoldspreparationmethodsandtechnologysystematicallysummarized,classifiedandanalyzed.

1.Thepreparationoftissueengineeringscaffoldsrequirementandstructurelevel

Porousscaffoldsintissueengineeringhavetheeffectofextracellularmatrix,isabionicstructureandfunctionofextracellularmatrix.Inadditiontotheinjectablematerials,mostofthetissueengineeringbracketmustbemadeintoporousscaffoldsinadvance.Thisreviewfocusesonporousscaffolds.Poroustissueengineeringscaffoldneedtomeetthefollowingrequirements:

Goodbiocompatibility,whichhasnoobviouscytotoxicity,inflammationandimmunerejection;Suitablebiodegradableabsorbent,whichcorrespondstoacell,tissuegrowthrateofthedegradationoftheabsorptionrate.Suitableporesize,highporosityandconnectedporeconfiguration,tofacilitatethecultivationofalargenumberofcells,thegrowthofcellsandtissues,theformationofextracellularmatrix,transportofoxygenandnutrients,metabolitesofexcretionandthebloodvesselsandnervesofthegrowth;Specific3dshapetoobtaintherequiredshapeoftissuesororgans;Highsurfaceareaandsurfacephysicalandchemicalpropertiesappropriateforcelladhesion,proliferationanddifferentiation,aswellastheloadgrowthfactorssuchasbiologicalsignalingmolecules;Matchthemechanicalpropertiesofembeddedpartsstructurestrength,andmicroenvironmentinvivobiomechanicstomaintainstructuralstabilityandintegrity,aswellasimplantedcellsimprovesuitablemicrostressenvironment.

Porousscaffoldtissueengineeringlevelofporestructurehasfoursize:

anatomicalshapeandsize,bigporesize,thesizeoftheholewall,internalfinestructuresizeofholewall.Lookfromthepreparation,largeholesize,holesize,holewallinnermicrostructuredependsontheholemethod,andtheanatomicshapeandsizedependsonthemoldingmethod.Therefore,thepreparationoftissueengineeringscaffoldsareusuallydividedintoholesandshapeformingtwolevels,bothisessential,togethertomeettherequirementsofsystemsupport.Therefore,tissueengineering,thepreparationofporousscaffoldsistherearetwomainproblemsneedtosolve,namelygetconnectedtotheporousstructureandtherightshape.

2.Theporousscaffoldoftissueengineeringtoholemethodandtechnology

Porousscaffoldoftissueengineeringholeshapeismainlyconnectedwithporousspongeorfoam,fiber,tubularstructure,etc.Three,accordingly,theholemethodandtechnologyisalsoeacharenotidentical.

2.1fiberscaffolds

Tissueengineeringscaffoldsisfirstusedinthestudyofoneofsubstituteofextracellularmatrix,mainlybythePGAoritscopolymerandothercrystallinepolymerfibers.Coatedfabrictofabricheattreatmentoruseorsolutionmethod,canmakethephysicallinkisformedbetweenadjacentfibers,sothatthefiberscaffoldstability,withstandvoltage.Fiberscaffoldbyusingcavitydieeasilymadeintovariousshapes,havebeensuccessfullyusedincartilageandotherfieldoftissueengineering.Lackofscaffoldsinporosityandporesizeisnoteasytocontrol,alsonoteasytoseparateregulation.

2.2porousfoamorspongescaffold

Porousfoamorspongescaffoldtoholemethodsmainlyincludeparticleinducedholemethod,thethermalinducedphaseseparation,gasfoamingandsinteredmicrospheremethod,etc.

2.2.1particleholemethod

Particleholemethodreferstothefirsttissueengineeringmaterialsandholeagentmadeuniformmixtureofparticles,andthenusethedifferentsolubilityorvolatile,willcausetheporeparticleremoval,occupiedspaceintoporesandparticles.Particlescancauseholeagentwithsodiumchloride,sodiumcitrateandsodiumtartratewatersolubleinorganicsaltorsugarparticles,paraffinoriceparticlesisalsoavailable.Themostcommonlyusedmethodistouseinorganicsaltsolubleinwaterandinsolubleinorganicsolvents,polymers,solubleinorganicsolventandinsolubleinwater,thepolymersolutionbysolventcastingmethod/sandpouringthemixtureintoamembrane,andthenleachingparticleporousscaffolds.Thelawisoftenreferredtoassolventcasting/particulateleaching4method,modifiedbyMikosetcasafiberlinkmethod,solventcasting/particulateleachingofporousscaffoldspreparedbyeasytoformadenselayer,whenifcastaftervibrationunceasinglytomostofsolventevaporation,andcanpreventtheparticlesedimentation,inhibittheformationofsurfacelayer.

Particlestoholemethodissimple,wideapplicability,easyindependentregulation,porosityandporesizeisagenericmethod,hasbeenwidelyused,buttoholewhenoftenneedtoorganicsolvents.

2.2.2phaseseparation/freezedrying

Wasusedtoprepareporousscaffoldoftissueengineeringphaseseparationreferstothepolymersolution,emulsion,orhydromelatlowtemperaturefreezing,frozenintheprocessofphaseseparation,formingrichsolventphaseandpolymerphase,andthenbyfreezedryingmethodtoremovesolventtoformaporousstructure.Therefore,phaseseparationandoftenreferredtoasthefreeze-dryingmethod,accordingtothesystemconfigurationcanbesimplydividedintodifferentemulsionfreeze-dryingmethodoffreezedryingmethod,solutionandwatergelfreezedrying.

Whangetcwillfirstemulsionfreeze-dryingmethodusedinthepreparationoftissueengineeringporousscaffolds.Willwaterwithpolymersolutionhomogenizationiswater-in-oilemulsion,andcastingintothemould,freeze-dryingremovalwaterandsolvent,porousscaffolds.Solventevaporationwillshapeconnectedtotheporestructureofporesurfacearea.Porestructureswerethemaininfluencingfactorsofoil-waterratio,polymermolecularweight.Themethodtoavoidthehightemperature,whichisbeneficialtogrowthfactorbiologicalactivemoleculessuchasproteinsordifferentiationfactorisintroducedandcontrolrelease,largespecificsurfacearea,easytooperate,butthesmallholesize.

Solutionfreezedryingmethodforpreparationofporousscaffolds,thescaffoldholestendtobesmallsize,Nambyfreezingprocessparametercontrolandthepreparationoftheholesizemorethanboldeffectusingporousscaffolds,foundtheholesizewerethemaininfluencingfactorsofsolutionconcentration,freezingrateandfrozentemperaturegradient,etc.

Thegelatinandalginateandchitosanhydrogelbyfreezedryingcanalsobemadeporousscaffolds.Hydrophilichydrogelporousscaffoldsinfluidstrengthdegradationintheenvironmentisaworthyproblem,usuallyneedtocompositewithothermaterials.Phaseseparationoftenfreezedryingholesizeslantssmall,butthelawtoavoidthehightemperature,thusgottheattentionoftheresearchers.

3.Theengineeringporousscaffoldsshapeformingmethodsandtechnologies

Tissueengineeringporousscaffoldspreparationmethodsandtechnology,themorecommittedtoholemethodandporestructure,andconcernedaboutthebracketshapeformingmethodisrelativelysmall,reportedintheliteraturetofilm,cylindrical,cubestentsinsimpleshapes.Andmoreapplicationintissueengineeringistomatchaspecifictissueororganhascomplicatedshapeof3dporousscaffolds,andstentshapeformingmethodsandtechnologiesisalsoanimportantaspectofthepreparationofporousscaffolds.

Generally,theporousscaffoldsappearancemoldingmethodsaremainlymanualmoldingandmolddesign.Particleleachingsolventcastingm