新概念英语介词.docx

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新概念英语介词.docx

新概念英语介词

介词

金牌要点:

“英语是介词和动词的语言”,由此可见,掌握介词的用法何其重要。

学习介词的最好方法是要弄清楚介词与介词之间位置上的关系,请参考下图:

I.分类:

1.常用简单介词:

about,across,against,among,after,at,behind,besides,beyond,by,concerning,beneath,between,despite,except,during,down,for,from,past,than,under,until等。

2.合成介词:

inside,outside,onto,outof,within等。

3.短语介词:

accordingto,aheadof,alongwith,asfor,becauseof,bemeansof,dueto,inspiteof,onbehalfof,owingto,withregardto等。

II.介词与“……的”之关系:

在英语学习中,一遇到“……的”,大家就会立刻想到’s所有格或者of。

实际上,在很多情况下,“……的”必须借助于介词才能准确表达。

以下请同学们重复记忆:

●美国的冬天→thewinterinAmerica

●停车场的入口→theentrancetotheparkinglot

●穿过森林的小路→thepaththroughtheforest

●鲁迅的著作→theworksbyLuXun

●水中的月亮→themoonreflectedinwater

●历史的见证→thewitnesstohistory

●对爱的渴望→alongingforlove

●对我们不利的证据→theevidenceagainstus

●阳光下的漫步→awalkinthesunlight

●追求名誉的女人→aladyafterfame

●两人之间的争论→anargumentbetweenthetwopersons

重要介词的重要用法:

(1)from:

此介词表示“to”相反的方向。

HecamefromLondon.

HewenttoLondon.

二词常搭配使用“from...to...”

WestudiedEnglishfrommorningtoafternoon.

He'llstartfromBeijingtoShanghai.

经典用法:

●由于→Thegirlistremblingfromfear.

●免除→Trampsarealwaysfreefromcare.流浪汉们总是无忧无虑。

●分开→Thecouplepartedfromeachotherattheairport.

●由……制成→Theredwineismadefromgrapes.红葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的。

由from引导的惯用法:

fromfar从远处

fromnow/thenon从现在/那时起

frombadtoworse每况愈下

fromtimetotime(occasionally时而)

习语:

Shecomestovisitmefromtimetotime.

(2)outof:

表示与"into"相反的语意。

Hewillbeoutoftown.

Isteppedoutofthedarkroom.

outof+名词(=lack,tobewithout用完,用光)

Hewenttotheshopbecausehewasoutofpaper.

outofdate(=old-fashioned过时的)

Thebookhasbeenoutofdate.

outofwork(=jobless失业的)

Heneedsmoneybecausebeisoutofwork.

outofthequestion(=impossible不可能的)

Finishingthehardworkisoutofthequestion.

outofquestion(=doubtless毫无疑问的)

Thathecandoitwellisoutofquestion.

outoforder(=notfunctioning失灵的)

Herradioisoutoforder,soshecan'tlistentoit.

(3)by:

表示从旁经过或在……附近。

Hepassedbymewithoutsayinghello.

Helivesbythesea.

经典用法:

●通过→Thisisthenearestroadbywhichtheycame.

●在……时候→Theyoungmanworksbydayandstealsmoneybynight.

●由……所生→Hehastwosonsbyhersecondwife.

●抓住→Shecaughtherchildbyhiscoatintheflood.

●按……计算→Thefarmersselltheirapplesbythepound.

●就(气质,特征)而言→Heisanartistbytemperament(气质).

用于被动语意,导出动作执行者:

Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy.

by+具体时间:

Theyusuallyhavedinnerby8o'clock.

by+交通工具(bus,train,plan...):

HetravelledtoParisbyair/plane.

bytheendof+时间名词:

到……末为止

Bytheendoflastyear,theyhadlearnt100texts.

Bytheendofthisterm,theywillhavelearnt100texts.

bythen:

到那时

Hewillgraduatein1999,bythenhewillleaveBeijing.

bywayof(=via):

经由,取道

TheyaregoingtotheUnitedStatesbywayofHongKong.

bytheway:

顺便问

Bytheway,doyouknowwhereMr.Lihasgone?

byfar:

……得多(用于修饰比较级和最高级)

Thebookisbyfarthebestonthesubject.

byaccident:

不小心,与onpurpose(故意地)语意相反

Thewronginformationwasputintothecomputerbyaccident.

(4)in:

在……内部,与"out"语意相反。

Allthestudentsareintheclassroom.

in+month/year:

在某月/年

inJanuary,in2000

intime:

及时

Theyarrivedatthestationintime.

intheway挡住去路

Hecouldn'tdrivehiscarawaybecauseabigstonewasintheway.

onceinawhile时而

Onceinawhile,hewenttotheMuseum.

innotimeatall立刻,迅速

Hefinishedhishomeworkinnotimeatall.

inthemeantime同时

Hewashavingsupper,andinthemeantimehewatchedTV.

inarow坐在某一排上

Wesatinthe20throwofthecinema.

intheeventthat如果

Intheeventthatyoupasstheexam,I'lltelephoneyou.

incase万一,如果

Bringyouraincoatincaseitrains.

inthestreet在街上

inthepast在过去

inthefuture在未来

inthebeginning开始,起初

intheend最后,终于

getintouchwith与……取得联系

keepintouchwith与……保持联系

(5)on:

位于某物体表面上。

Thedishesareontheroundtable.

onaday/date在某天及某天的上,下午,晚上

onWednesday,onFebruary9th,1999

onFridayafternoon,onadarknight.

ona/the+(bus,plane,ship,train,bike)

Hewenttoschoolonabus.

ona...street在某条街道

Mrs.Smithliveson5th'Avenue.

onthecorner(oftwostreets)在两条街道相交的一角

Thatshoestoreisonthecornerof2ndStreetand5thAvenue.

onthetelevision/theradio在电视/收音机里

ThemanagerwillmakeaspeechontheTV.

onthetelephone打电话

Youarewantedonthephone.有您的电话

onsale出售

Thebooksareonsalefor$7each.

onthefloorofabuilding位于某层楼

ontime准时(比intime具体)

onthesidewalk在人行道上

ontheway在途中

ontheright/left在右侧/左侧

onthewhole总的来说,总体上

ontheonehand,ortheotherhand一方面,另一方面

onfoot步行

(6)at:

此介词通常用来指某一特定时间和地点。

at+地点

Mr.Smithlivesat15,16thAvenue.

注:

在某条街道On...street,而在某街某号应用at。

at+特定时间

At7:

00inthemorning,hegoestowork.

athome/school/work在家上学上班

atnight在晚上

atbest充其量

attimes有时

atpeace和平状态

atleast至少

atworst最差

atintervals间或,时而

atrandom随意,胡乱地

atmost至多

atpresent目前,现在

atwar交战

atleisure悠闲自得地

ataloss不知所措

atlarge逍遥法外

(7)其它介词短语:

inplaceof/insteadof代替

forthemostpart-mainly主要地

inhopesof希望……

offandon时断时续

allofasudden突然

forgood永远

(8)“动词短语+介词”构成的习语:

breakoff结束

Thetwocountriesbrokeofftheirdiplomaticrelationship.

callonsb.要求,拜访,呼吁

Hecalledontheworkerstostruggle.

carefor关心,照顾,喜爱

Sheonlycaresfornewclothes.

Ihavetocareformysonafterschool.

checkon调查

comealongwithsb.伴随,和某人在一起

comedownwith因……而生病

Lastsummer,manypeoplecamedownwithintestinaldisorders.

getby设法生存

Despitethehighcostofliving,wewillgetbyonoursalary.

getthrough完成,接通(电话)

It'snoteasytogetthroughtheworkinaday.

HowcanIgetthroughtoyou?

getup起床,组织

Apartywillbegotupinmyhouse.

holdonto抓住,坚持

Inspiteofbeingamillionaire,heholdsontohisusuallivingways.

holdup抢劫,忍受,停止

Thebankwashelduplastnight.

Heheldupverywellafterthedeathofhiswife.

Theworkhadbeenheldup.

runacross遇见,见到

Iranacrosssomeoldfriendsyesterday.

runinto偶然碰见

WhenTomwasinLondon,heranintohisgoodfriendatthetheatre.

seeabout考虑

Theyoungmanisseeingaboutgettingaticketforthefootballgame.

takeoverfor替代

ItookoverforJanetbecauseshewasill.

tryout试验,试行

Theyaretryingoutanewideatohelpthepoorstudents.

turnin上交,睡觉

Afteratiringday,heturnedinearly.

watchoutfor警觉

Pleasewatchoutforthieves.

weighonsb.压迫,使……焦虑

Someproblemsareweighingonme,soIcan'tsleepwell.

bringup抚养,提出

counton依靠、指望

doawaywith摆脱

drawup起草

dropoutof(school...)退(学)

figureout弄明白,弄清楚

findout发现,查明(事实)

goalongwith同意

passout昏迷

talkover讨论

测试精编

1.—Whereisyourhometown?

—Itisabout20miles________theeastofChicago.

A.inB.onC.toD.by

2.WhenImetJenny,Itookaliking________heratonce.

A.ofB.forC.onD.in

3.Iam________yourtemper.

A.fedupbyB.fedupwith

C.fedupbecauseofD.fedupto

4.—Doyoulikeworkingasawaiter?

—Yes,butIgettired________thewholeday.

A.withstandingB.fromstanding

C.tostandD.ofthestanding

5.Theaccidentclearlyresulted________yourcarelessness.

A.inB.onC.forD.from

6.—WhydoyouaskifI'vebeensmoking?

—Becauseyousmell________cigarettes.

A.ofB.byC.withD.as

7.Thecollegesvarysogreatlythattheproblemwasfinallyansweredonly________.

A.withrespecttoaspecificcollege

B.gettingtospecificcollege

C.withaviewtospecificcollege

D.witharegardtoaspecificcollege

8.—Haveyousomeotherreasons________theonesyoujustmentionedabove?

—Yes,Ido.

A.inadditionB.besidesC.offD.beside

9.—Doyoueverdancelikethatinpublic?

—Certainlynot!

Thatwouldbe________mydignity.

A.beneathB.underC.beyondD.above

10.—Whatdoyouhavetodotomorrow?

—I'llhaveto________inaconference.

A.joinB.takingpartC.attendD.participate

11.Moderntechnologicaladvancesarebeingmade,but________.

A.withhighlyconsiderableexpense

B.atagreatexpense

C.withgreatexpenseinvolved

D.byalotofexpense

12.—Whydidn'tyougotothelectureyesterdayevening?

—________,Ichangedmymind.

A.OnasecondthoughtB.Bythesecondthought

C.OnsecondthoughtsD.Bysecondthoughts

13.________onetime,Manchesterwasthehomeofthemostproductivecottonmillsintheworld.

A.OnB.ByC.ToD.At

14.—Wasn'ttheissuesettled?

—No,thetwosidesarestill________conflict.

A.inB.duringC.onD.with

15.—Howdoyoulikethesearticles?

—Theyarenotmuch________demandnow.

A.onB.inC.atD.for

(后设答案,大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*)嘻嘻……)

KEYS

1.C2.B3.B4.B5.D6.A7.A8.B9.A10.D11.B12.C13.D14.A15.B

介系词和其他词性的差异

介系词和连接词都具有关联或连接功能。

如after,as,before,since,until等词,即可以既可作介系词又可作连接词用,不过介系词引导的是名词性或名词化的宾语,而连接词引导的是一个从属分句。

例如

1thedaybeforeshearrived

2thedaybeforeherarrival

第一句的before是连接词,后面接一分句,而第二句的before是介系词,后面接一名词宾语。

介系词常在形式上与副词一致,在词义上与副词相近的词类。

例如

1Shelookeduptheword.

2Shelookedupthehill.

3Shewalkedacrossthestreet.

第一句中的up和第三句中的across都是带宾语的介词(upthehill,acrossthestreet)。

然而,第二句中的up是副词,因为在短语动词lookup中up具有位置的可移动性。

介词的位置

一般放在宾语之前;疑问句中可放句末;若含介词的动词短语为被动型态时,亦放句末。

1.介词一般放在宾语之前。

但在疑问句里,介词可用在句末(或子句末),这叫作介词后置。

例子:

I'llwaitforyouattheschoolgatethen.

那么,我在学校门口等你。

WeworkhardatEnglish.

我们很努力学英语。

Whatareyoutalkingabout?

你们在谈论什么?

Whowereyouhavingsupperwith?

你和谁共进晚餐?

Idon'tknowwhathecameherefor

我不知道他到这儿来干什么。

2.当含有介词的动词短语用于被动句时,介词也应放在句末。

因为它和前面的动词构成的短语不可分离。

例子:

Theyoungtreesmustbelookedafterverywell.

必须细心爱护小树。

Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof.

孩子们得到很好的照顾。

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