考研英语阅读unit.docx

考研英语阅读unit.docx

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考研英语阅读unit

Unit2

Custommakesallthingseasy.

有个好习惯，事事皆不难。

学习内容

题材

词数

建议时间

得分统计

做题备忘

PartA

Text1

科普知识

394

/10

Text2

商业经济

396

/10

Text3

社会生活

439

/10

Text4

科普知识

401

/10

PartB

生态环境

612

/10

PartC

文化教育

473

/10

PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].

Text1

In1967,inresponsetowidespreadpublicconcernarousedbymedicalreportsofasbestos-relateddeaths,theNationalMedicalResearchCouncilorganizedcommitteeofinquirytoinvestigatethehealththreatsassociatedwiththeuseofasbestosinthebuildingindustry.

Afterexaminingevidenceprovidedbymedicalresearchersandbuildingworkersandmanagement,theCouncilpublishedareportwhichincludedadvicefordealingwithasbestos.ThereportconfirmedthefindingsofsimilarresearchintheUnitedStatesandCanada.Exposuretorelativelysmallquantitiesofasbestosfibers,theyconcluded,wasdirectlyresponsibleforthedevelopmentofcancers,asbestosisandrelateddiseases.Takingintoaccountevidenceprovidedbyeconomistsandbuildingindustrymanagement,however,thereportassumedthatdespitetheavailabilityofothermaterials,asbestoswouldcontinuetoplayamajorroleintheBritishbuildingindustryformanyyearstocomebecauseofitsavailabilityandlowcost.

Asaresult,thecouncilgaveaseriesofrecommendationswhichwereintendedtoreducetheriskstothosewhomightbeexposedtoasbestosinworkingenvironments.Theyrecommendedthat,wherepossible,asbestosfreematerialsshouldbeemployed.Incaseswhereasbestoswasemployed,itwasrecommendedthatitshouldbeusedinsuchawaythatloosefiberswerelesslikelytoentertheair.

Thereportrecommendedthatspecialcareshouldbetakenduringworkinenvironmentswhichcontainasbestos.Workersshouldwearprotectiveequipmentandtakespecialcaretoremovedustfromtheenvironmentandclothingwiththeuseofvacuumcleaner.

Thereportidentifiedfivefactorswhichdeterminethelevelofriskinvolved.Thestateandtypeofasbestosiscriticaltodeterminingtheriskfactors.Inaddition,dustformationwasfoundtobelimitedwhereasbestoswasusedwhenwetratherthandry.

Thechoiceoftoolswasalsofoundtoaffectthequantitiesofasbestosparticlesthatentertheair.Machinetoolsproducegreaterquantitiesofdustthanhandtoolsand,wherepossible,theuseofthelatterwasrecommended.

Acriticalfactortakesplaceinriskreductionintheadequateventilationoftheworkingenvironment.Whenworktakesplaceinanenclosedspace,moreasbestosparticlescirculateanditwasthereforerecommendedthatnaturalormachineventilationshouldbeused.Bycloselyfollowingthesewordsofadvice,itwasclaimedthatexposurecanbereducedtoareasonablypracticalminimum.

1.Exposuretoasbestosfiberscancausecancer

[A]onlywhenasbestosisusedinbuildingindustry.

[B]onlywhenitisusedinlargequantities.

[C]evenifitisusedinsmallquantities.

[D]ifitisusedwhenwetratherthandry.

2.Exposuretoasbestosfibersisharmfultopeople’shealth

[A]sotheuseofasbestosislimited.

[B]butasbestoswillcontinuetobeusedforalongtime.

[C]soothernewkindsofmaterialsareunderdevelopment.

[D]buttheywillnotbesowhenventilationdevicesareused.

3.Evidencefromtheeconomistsandthebuildingindustriesshowsthat

[A]exposuretoasbestosfibersiscancer-causing.

[B]asbestosisinextensiveuseinbuildingindustry.

[C]useofasbestosisbeingreducedgradually.

[D]exposuretoasbestosfiberscanbereducedsignificantly.

4.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrue?

[A]Choiceoftoolscannotaffectthequantitiesofasbestosparticlesthatentertheair.

[B]Stateandtypeofasbestosismeaninglesstodeterminingtheriskfactors.

[C]Quantityofasbestoshasnorelationtotheriskfactors.

[D]Ventilationplaysanimportantroleinreducingtheharmbroughtbyasbestos.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattherealdangercomesfrom

[A]theasbestosdustthatpeopletakein.

[B]thecontactoftheworker’sskinwithasbestosparticles.

[C]theinferiorqualityoftheasbestositself.

[D]theexcessiveuseofman-madeasbestosmaterial.

Text2

It’sabrandnewworld—aworldbuiltaroundbrands.Hardcharging,noisemaking,cultureshapingbrandsareeverywhere.They’reonsupermarketshelves,ofcourse,butalsoinbusinessplansfordotcomstartupsandinthenamesofsportscomplexes.Brandsareinfiltrating（渗透）people’severydaylives—bystickingtheirlogosonclothes,inconcertprograms,onsubwaystationwalls,eveninelementaryschoolclassrooms.

WeliveinanageinwhichCBSnewscasterswearNikejacketsontheair,inwhichBurgerKingandMcDonald’sopenkiosksinelementary-schoollunchrooms,inwhichschoolslikeStanfordUniversityareendowedwithaYahoo!

FoundersChair.Butasbrandsreach（andthenoverreach）intoeveryaspectofourlives,thecompaniesbehindtheminvitemorequestions,deeperscrutiny—andaninevitablebacklashbyconsumers.

“Ourintellectuallivesandourpublicspacesarebeingtakenoverbymarketing—andthathasrealimplicationsforcitizenship,”saysauthorandactivistNaomiKlein.“It’simportantforanyhealthyculturetohavepublicspace—aplacewherepeoplearetreatedascitizensinsteadofasconsumers.We’vecompletelylostthatspace.”

Sincethemid-1980s,asmoreandmorecompanieshaveshiftedfrombeingaboutproductstobeingaboutideas—Starbucksisn’tsellingcoffee;it’ssellingcommunity!

—thosecompanieshavepouredmoreandmoreresourcesintomarketingcampaigns.

Topayforthosecampaigns,thosesamecompaniesfiguredoutwaystocutcostselsewhere—forexample,byusingcontractlaborathomeandlow-wagelaborindevelopingcountries.Contractlaborersarehiredonatemporary,per-assignmentbasis,andemployershavenoobligationtoprovideanybenefits（suchashealthinsurance）orlong-termjobsecurity.Thissavescompaniesmoneybutobviouslyputsworkersinvulnerablesituations.IntheUnitedStates,contractlaborhasgivenrisetoso-calledMcJobs,whichemployersandworkersalikepretendaretemporary—eventhoughthesejobsareusuallyheldbyadultswhoaretryingtosupportfamilies.

Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.Thismadethoseinstitutionsmuchtoowilling,eveneager,topartnerwithprivatecompanies.Butcompaniestookadvantageoftheneedsofthoseinstitutions,reachingtoofar,andoverwhelmingthecivicspacewiththeirmarketingagendas.

6.Thetextintendstotellus

[A]theproblemswithcurrentcorporatepractices.

[B]thenatureofcurrentmarketingcampaignsandstrategies.

[C]theimportanceofbrandsinAmericanculture.

[D]theexcessivepresenceofbrandsandmarketinginpeople’slives.

7.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorstateasafactorintheincreasingpresenceofbrandsinpeoples’lives?

[A]Theaggressivenatureofcorporatemarketing.

[B]Thewillingnessofschoolsandmuseumstocooperatewithprivatecompanies.

[C]Thelackofgovernmentregulationsofmarketingmethods.

[D]Themarketingcampaignstakeuppublicspaces.

8.NaomiKlein’sattitudetowardstheinfiltrationofbrandsintopublicspacesisoneof

[A]concern.[B]ambivalence.[C]outrage.[D]acceptance.

9.ThetextsuggeststhatmostcontractlaborersintheU.S.

[A]pretendtobetemporaryworkers.

[B]mayhavetroublesupportingtheirfamiliesfinancially.

[C]haveworkconditionscomparabletothoseoflow-wageworkersoverseas.

[D]arelikelytoreceivehealthbenefitsfromtheiremployers.

10.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat

[A]inadequatefederalfundingfacilitatedtheprivatizationofschoolsandmuseums.

[B]governmentreducedspendingforschoolsandmuseumsfortheircooperationwithcompanies.

[C]publicinstitutionsweretooquicktoacceptcorporatemarketingasasourceoffunding.

[D]bythe1980s,veryfewpublicinstitutionswerenotbeingfundedbycorporations.

Text3

TheManchruianCandidate,FrankSinatra,unabletofathomthedepthandextentoftheevilthathadbeendonetothemindofamanprogrammedtobecomeakillercries,“Hell,hell!

”Peoplemaysaythesamethingafterlastweek’sschoolshootingofasix-year-oldgirlbyasix-year-oldboy.OnTuesdaytheboybroughtapistoltoanelementaryschoolinMountMorrisTownship,nearFlint,Mich.,andshotaclassmate,KavlaRolland,todeath.Heistooyoungtobechargedwithanything,butthecountyprosecutorhaschargedthemanwholefttheloadedgunlyingaroundwithinvoluntarymanslaughter,contributingtothedelinquencyofaminorandgrossneglecteachofwhichhasawiderapplication.Thestorymaybetoounusualforthedrawingoflargerlessons,butonereasonitissotroublingisthatittouchestheworstofAmerica’ssocialills,includingtheshapingofaboywhobecamealoadedgunhimself.

WhokilledKaylaRolland?

Asix-year-oldclassmatedidit.OnTuesdaymorning,hewenttotheTheoJ.BuellElementarySchoolcarryingbothaconcealedDavis32semiautomatichandgun,advertisedas“theoriginalpocketpistol”,andaknife.Anotherkidreportedtheknifetoateacheranditwastakenaway.Theboyheldontothegunshortlybefore10a.m..ChrisBoaz,aseven-year-oldboy,witnessedthefollowingscene.Thechildrenwerechangingclassrooms,fromasmallreadinggrouptoacomputertrainingclass.Thisiscontrarytothepolicereportthatthecrimeoccurredinsideaclassroom.Thekidswereonthefirstlevelheadingtothesecondwhentheboypu