Unity3DAnimation外文文献.docx

Unity3DAnimation外文文献.docx

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Unity3DAnimation外文文献

Untiy3DAnimation

Unity’sAnimationfeaturesincludeRetargetableanimations,Fullcontrolofanimationweightsatruntime，Eventcallingfromwithintheanimationplayback，SophisticatedStateMachinehierarchiesandtransitions,Blendshapesforfacialanimations,andmore.

Readthissectiontofindouthowtoimportandworkwithimportedanimationandhowtoanimateobjects,colours,andanyotherparameterswithinUnityitself.

AnimationSystemOverview

Unityhasarichandsophisticatedanimationsystem（sometimesreferredtoas‘Mecanim’）.Itprovides:

EasyworkflowandsetupofanimationsforallelementsofUnityincludingobjects，characters，andproperties。

Supportforimported animationclips andanimationcreatedwithinUnity

Humanoidanimation retargeting —theabilitytoapplyanimationsfromonecharactermodelontoanother.

Simplifiedworkflowforaligninganimationclips.

Convenientpreviewofanimationclips，transitionsandinteractionsbetweenthem。

Thisallowsanimatorstoworkmoreindependentlyofprogrammers，prototypeandpreviewtheiranimationsbeforegameplaycodeishookedin。

Managementofcomplexinteractionsbetweenanimationswithavisualprogrammingtool。

Animatingdifferentbodypartswithdifferentlogic.

Layeringandmaskingfeatures

Animationworkflow

Unity'sanimationsystemisbasedontheconceptof AnimationClips，whichcontaininformationabouthowcertainobjectsshouldchangetheirposition,rotation，orotherpropertiesovertime.Eachclipcanbethoughtofasasinglelinearrecording.Animationclipsfromexternalsourcesarecreatedbyartistsoranimatorswith3rdpartytoolssuchasMaxorMaya，orcomefrommotioncapturestudiosorothersources.

AnimationClipsarethenorganisedintoastructuredflowchart-likesystemcalledanAnimatorController。

TheAnimatorControlleractsasa“StateMachine”whichkeepstrackofwhichclipshouldcurrentlybeplaying，andwhentheanimationsshouldchangeorblendtogether。

AverysimpleAnimatorControllermightonlycontainoneortwoclips,forexampletocontrolapowerupspinningandbouncing，ortoanimateadooropeningandclosingatthecorrecttime.AmoreadvancedAnimatorControllermightcontaindozensofhumanoidanimationsforallthemaincharacter’sactions,andmightblendbetweenmultipleclipsatthesametimetoprovideafluidmotionastheplayermovesaroundthescene。

Unity’sAnimationsystemalsohasnumerousspecialfeaturesforhandlinghumanoidcharacterswhichgiveyoutheabilityto retargethumanoidanimationfromanysource（Eg。

motioncapture,theassetstore,orsomeotherthird—partyanimationlibrary）toyourowncharactermodel,aswellasadjusting muscledefinitions。

ThesespecialfeaturesareenabledbyUnity’s Avatar system,wherehumanoidcharactersaremappedtoacommoninternalformat。

Eachofthesepieces—the AnimationClips,the AnimatorController，andthe Avatar，arebroughttogetheronaGameObjectviatheAnimatorComponent。

ThiscomponenthasareferencetoanAnimatorController,and（ifrequired）theAvatarforthismodel。

TheAnimatorController，inturn,containsthereferencestothe AnimationClips ituses。

Theabovediagramshowsthefollowing:

AnimationclipsareimportedfromanexternalsourceorcreatedwithinUnity.Inthisexample,theyareimportedmotioncapturedhumanoidanimations。

TheanimationclipsareplacedandarrangedinanAnimatorController.ThisshowsaviewofanAnimatorControllerintheAnimatorwindow.TheStates（whichmayrepresentanimationsornestedsub—statemachines）appearasnodesconnectedbylines。

ThisAnimatorControllerexistsasanassetintheProjectwindow.

Theriggedcharactermodel（inthiscase，theastronaut“Astrella”）hasaspecificconfigurationofboneswhicharemappedtoUnity’scommon Avatar format。

ThismappingisstoredasanAvatarassetaspartoftheimportedcharactermodel，andalsoappearsintheProjectwindowasshown。

Whenanimatingthecharactermodel,ithasanAnimatorcomponentattached.IntheInspectorviewshownabove,youcanseethe AnimatorComponent whichhasboththe AnimatorController andthe Avatar assigned。

Theanimatorusesthesetogethertoanimatethemodel。

TheAvatarreferenceisonlynecessarywhenanimatingahumanoidcharacter.Forothertypesofanimation,onlyanAnimatorControllerisrequired。

Unity’sanimationsystem（Knownas“Mecanim”）comeswithalotofconceptsandterminology。

Ifatanypoint,youneedtofindoutwhatsomethingmeans,gotoour AnimationGlossary。

Legacyanimationsystem

WhileMecanimisrecommendedforuseinmostsituations,UnityhasretaineditslegacyanimationsystemwhichexistedbeforeUnity4.YoumayneedtousewhenworkingwitholdercontentcreatedbeforeUnity4.ForinformationontheLegacyanimationsystem，see thissection

UnityintendstophaseouttheLegacyanimationsystemovertimeforallcasesbymergingtheworkflowsintoMecanim.

AnimationClips

AnimationClipsareoneofthecoreelementstoUnity’sanimationsystem。

Unitysupportsimportinganimationfromexternalsources，andofferstheabilitytocreateanimationclipsfromscratchwithintheeditorusingtheAnimationwindow。

AnimationfromExternalSources

Animationclipsimportedfromexternalsourcescouldinclude:

Humanoidanimationscapturedatamotioncapturestudio

Animationscreatedfromscratchbyanartistinanexternal3Dapplication（suchas3DSMaxorMaya）

Animationsetsfrom3rd—partylibraries（eg，fromUnity’sassetstore）

Multipleclipscutandslicedfromasingleimportedtimeline.

AnimationCreatedandEditedWithinUnity

Unity'sAnimationWindowalsoallowsyoutocreateandeditanimationclips。

Theseclipscananimate：

Theposition,rotationandscaleofGameObjects

Componentpropertiessuchasmaterialcolour,theintensityofalight,thevolumeofasound

Propertieswithinyourownscriptsincludingfloat，int,Vectorandbooleanvariables

Thetimingofcallingfunctionswithinyourownscripts

AnimationfromExternalSources

OverviewofImportedAnimation

AnimationfromexternalsourcesisimportedintoUnityinthesamewayasregular3Dfiles.Thesefiles,whetherthey’regenericFBXfilesornativeformatsfrom3DsoftwaresuchasMaya，Cinema4D,3DStudioMax,cancontainanimationdataintheformofalinearrecordingofthemovementsofobjectswithinthefile。

Insomesituationstheobjecttobeanimated（eg，acharacter）andtheanimationstogowithitcanbepresentinthesamefile.Inothercases，theanimationsmayexistinaseparatefiletothemodeltobeanimated。

Itmaybethatanimationsarespecifictoaparticularmodel,andcannotbere—usedonothermodels。

Forexample,agiantoctopusend—bossinyourgamemighthaveauniquearrangementoflimbsandbones,anditsownsetofanimations。

Inothersituations，itmaybethatyouhavealibraryofanimationswhicharetobeusedonvariousdifferentmodelsinyourscene.Forexample,anumberofdifferenthumanoidcharactersmightallusethesamewalkandrunanimations。

Inthesesituations,it’scommontohaveasimpleplaceholdermodelinyouranimationfilesforthepurposesofpreviewingthem。

Alternatively,itispossibletouseanimationfileseveniftheyhavenogeometryatall,justtheanimationdata。

Whenimportingmultipleanimations,theanimationscaneachexistasseparatefileswithinyourprojectfolder，oryoucanextractmultipleanimationclipsfromasingleFBXfileifexportedastakesfromMotionbuilderorwithaplugin/scriptforMaya，Maxorother3Dpackages。

Youmightwanttodothisifyourfilecontainsmultipleseparateanimationsarrangedonasingletimeline.Forexample，alongmotioncapturedtimelinemightcontaintheanimationforafewdifferentjumpmotions,andyoumaywanttocutoutcertainsectionsofthistouseasindividualclipsanddiscardtherest.Unityprovidesanimationcuttingtoolstoachievethiswhenyouimportallanimationsinonetimelinebyallowingyoutoselecttheframerangeforeachclip。

ImportingAnimationFiles

BeforeanyanimationcanbeusedinUnity,itmustfirstbeimportedintoyourproject.UnitycanimportnativeMaya（.mbor.ma），3DStudioMax（.max）andCinema4D（.c4d）files,andalsogenericFBXfileswhichcanbeexportedfrommostanimationpackages（see thispage forfurtherdetailsonexporting）。

Toimportananimation，simplydragthefiletothe Assets folderofyourproject.Whenyouselectthefileinthe ProjectView youcaneditthe ImportSettings intheinspector.

Workingwithhumanoidanimations

TheMecanimAnimationSystemisparticularlywellsuitedforworkingwithanimationsforhumanoidskeletons。

Sincehumanoidskeletonsareusedextensivelyingames，Unityprovidesaspecializedworkflow,andanextendedtoolsetforhumanoidanimations。

Becauseofthesimilarityinbonestructure，itispossibletomapanimationsfromonehumanoidskeletontoanother,allowingretargeting and inversekinematics。

Withrareexceptions,humanoidmodelscanbeexpectedtohavethesamebasicstructure,representingthemajorarticulatepartsofthebody,headandlimbs。

TheMecanimsystemmakesgooduseofthisideatosimplifytheriggingandcontrolofanimations.AfundamentalstepincreatingaanimationistosetupamappingbetweenthesimplifiedhumanoidbonestructureunderstoodbyMecanimandtheactualbonespresentintheskeleton;inMecanimterminology,thismappingiscalledan Avatar.ThepagesinthissectionexplainhowtocreateanAvatarforyourmodel。

CreatingtheAvatar

Afteramodelfile（FBX，COLLADA，etc。

）isimported,youcanspecifywhatkindofrigitisinthe Rig tabofthe ModelImporteroptions.

Humanoidanimations

ForaHumanoidrig,select Humanoid andclick A