英国文学教案.docx

英国文学教案.docx

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英国文学教案

Whyliterature?

Thebenefitandmethodofstudyingliterature

I.benefit:

Toenlargeyourscopeofknowledge;

Tosharpenyourlanguageintuition;

Torefineyourtaste.

II.Method:

1.preview：

theselectedreadingandthehistoryofliterature;

2.notes-taking;

3.toreadBibleandRomanandGreekmythology.（justpartofthem）

Pre-Renaissanceperiod

Beowulf:

thefirstEnglishnationalepic

I.ThepositionoftheBeowulf:

thefirstEnglishnationalepic

II.Thestory:

（tosimplynarrateit）

Beowulf←→Grendelandhismother

Beowulf←→Firedragon

III.Itsartisticfeatures

1.It’sa3183-lineversewrittenintrueepicstyleandinOldEnglish;

2.themostevidentfeature:

theuseofalliteration;（refertothehistoryofliteratureByLiuBingshan,）

3.tousecompound-wordstoserveasmetaphors;

4.theuseofunderstatements:

theimpressionandacolorofhumor.

△5.themixingofpaganelementswithChristiancolouring.

GeoffreyChaucer

I.life:

1.Hewasborninawinemerchantfamilyin1340;

2.Hisearlylifeasapageandhismarriageacquaintedhimwithknowledgeaboutupperclass;

3.hewasburiedinWestminsterAbbey,thusfoundingthe“PoetsCorner”.

II.HisWork:

TheCanterburyTales

TheCanterburyTales

TheGeneralPrologue

...

ThePrioress

TherewasalsoaNun,aPrioress,

Whosenamewasgentleandfullofguilelessness.

“BySt.Loy!

”wastheworstoathshewouldsay.

Shesangmasswell,inabecomingway,

Intoningthroughhernosethewordsdivine,

AndshewasknownasMadamEglantine.

ShespokegoodFrench,astaughtatStratford-Bow

FortheParisianFrenchshedidnotknow.

Shewasschooledtoeatsoprimlyandsowell

Thatfromherlipsnomorseleverfell.

Shewetherfingerslightlyinthedish

Ofsauce,forcourtesywasherfirstwish.

Witheverybiteshedidherskillfulbest

Toseethatnodropfelluponherbreast.

Shealwayswipedherupperlipsoclean

Thatinhercupwasnevertobeseen

Ahintofgreasewhenshehaddrunkhershare,

Shereachedoutforhermeatwithcomelyair.

Shewasagreatdelight,andalwaystried

Toimitatecourtways,andhadherpride,

Bothamiableandgraciousinherdealings.

Asforhercharityandtenderfeelings,

Shemeltedatwhateverwaspiteous.

Shewouldweepifshebutcameuponamouse

Caughtinatrap,ifitweredeadofbleeding.

Somelittledogsthattookpleasurefeeding

Onroastedmeatormilkorgoodwheatbread

Shehad,buthowshewepttofindonedead

Oryelpingfromablowthatmadeitsmart,

Andallwassympathyandlovingheart.

Neatwasherwimpleinitseveryplait,

Hernosewellformed,hereyesasgrayasslate.

Hermouthwasverysmallandsoftandred.

ShehadsowideabrowIthinkherhead

Wasnearlyaspanbroad,forcertainly

Shewasnotundergrown,asallcouldsee.

Sheworehercloakwithdignityandcharm,

Andhadherrosaryaboutherarm,

Thesmallbeadscoralandthelargergreen,

Andfromthemhungabroochofgoldensheen,

OnitalargeAandacrownabove;

Beneath,“allthingsaresubjectuntolove.”

I.Questionsfordiscussion:

1.Whatisthetoneofthesetting?

Howdidtheauthorachievesuchsettingofthetales?

2.SummarizethecharacterofthePrioressinthisPrologue.

3.ToanalyzeChaucer’swaysofcharacterizationinthisPrologueandthelanguagestyleoftheselectedpart.

II.Toillustratetheterms.

Heroiccouplet:

Atwo-linesectionofapoem,whichrhymesandhasfivefeeteachiniambicmeter（alsotermedasiambicpentameter）,andwhichhasameaningcompletewithinitself.

Example:

Theveinsarebathedinliquorofsuchpower

Asbringsabouttheengenderingoftheflower,

（抑抑扬）

ATT:

Fortheconvenienceoftheinterpretationforthefoot,somewordsaredetached.

Foot:

Agroupofsyllablesformingaunitofverse,usuallyonefootcontainsatleastonestressedword,orcontainsonestressedwordandoneormorethanoneunstressedwords.

III.SocialsignificanceofTheCanterburyTales（alsofunctionasasimpleanalysis）

1.TheCanterburyisnotonlyacollectionofstoriesstrungbyloosethread.

（1）Toaffirmmenandwomen’srighttopursuetheirhappiness;

（2）Toopposethedogmaofasceticism;

（3）Topraiseman’senergy,intellectandloveoflife.

2.Thisworkexposedtheeviloftime

（1）thedegenerationofthenoble;

（2）theheartlessofjudge;

（3）thecorruptionofchurch

IV.Chaucer’sachievementsinandcontributiontoEnglishliterature

1.Heisoneoftheearliestliterarytalentswhoembodyhumanism.

2.FatherofEnglishpoetry

（1）thefirstgreatpoetwhowroteinEnglishlanguage;

（2）introducedrhymedfiveaccentsiniambicmetertoEnglishpoetry（heroiccouplet）

3.FounderofEnglishrealism

TheprologuesuppliesaminiatureofthenEnglishsociety（waysofnarratingthestoriesanddifferentsocialstatusofthesepilgrims）.

4.HisexcellentworkscontributealottoestablishEnglishastheliterarylanguageofthecountry.（setanexampleforthepoetsoflatergeneration）

5.HemadeLondondialectasthestandardforthemodernEnglishspeech.

RenaissancePeriod

WilliamShakespeare

I.Life

1.bornoftraderfamilyinStratford-on-Avonin1564,andhisfamilygotintofinancialtroubles;

2.Failtofinishformalschoolingforthereasonoffinancialdifficulties,heleftforLondon.

II.Shakespearethedramatist

Hisplaysarepoeticaldramas,mostofwhicharewritteninblankversewhichwascreatedoneofthefamousuniversitywits,ChristopherMarlow.

Hiscareerasadramatistmaybedividedintothree（orfour）periods:

（tobelecturedlater）

Hamlet

●TheMonologue：

Tobe:

toexist,tolive,topassivelyaccept,tosuffer;

Nottobe:

todie,totakeactiontofightagainstfate.

Thatisthequestion:

thisshowsHamletconfrontedwithbothbodyandmoraldilemma:

whethertosufferpassivelyortotakeactiontofight.

◆threereasonsforhisdilemma:

1.HereceivesStoicphilosophy:

Forbearanceisthenoblest（顺从是最高的美德）.

Ciceronianphilosophy:

Dutyismostimportant.

ThesetwoviewsofphilosophyarequitecontradictoryforHamlet.（tointerpretindepth）

2.Religiousreason:

fearofafter-life.（asobviouslyshowninthismonologue:

todie,tosleep）

3.Odepuscomplex（commonlycalledmothercomplex）:

thisviewwasputforwardbysomecritic,whichconductedapsychologicalanalysisbasedontheFreudianphilosophy.（tosimplynarratetheoriginofthiscomplex.）

Pointsworthyofnoticeandinterpretationinthemonologue

theslingsandarrows（ametaphor,）:

attack

Todie,tosleep（analogy）

nomore:

toexistnomore

heartache:

spiritualpain

naturalshocks:

physicalpainandsuffering

consummation:

finalsettlement

devoutlytobewished:

tobepassionatelywished

perchance:

perhaps

ay:

yes

rub:

difficulty

shuffledoff:

getridof

mortalcoil:

troubleofmortallife,coil:

body

pause:

hinder

respect:

consideration,thinking

whipsandscornsoftime:

thebeatandsneerinthewordwelivein.

wrong:

illtreatment

Contumely:

despising

Pangs:

sharppain

spurnsthatpatientmeritofth’unworthytakes:

kicksthatapersonofmerittakesfromtheunworthy.

Fardels:

（archaicword）burdens

Awearylife:

aburdensomelife

Butthat:

unless

Conscience:

reflection,consciousness

Issickliedover:

iscoveredwith

Palecast:

sicklycover,sicklycolor

Thought:

anxiousthoughtormelancholythought

Enterprise:

thegreatcause

Pithandmoment:

importance

Withthisregard:

onthisaccount,forthisreason

Theircurrentturnawry:

changethedirection

Action:

hererefersto“takearmsagainstthefate”

Questionsfordiscussion:

Givethoroughconsiderationtothewholeplayandthemonologuewehavecovered,andanswerthesequestions:

1.WhatistheuseofthespiritofHamlet’sfatherinthedevelopmentofdramaticplot?

2.Whatistheuseofhisfather’sspiritinthedevelopmentofHamlet’scharacter?

3.ToanalyzeHamlet’scharacter?

4.ToanalyzethechangeofHamlet’sattitudeforOphellia,whatarethereasonsforthechange?

◆Anyotherquestionconcerningthisplayyouwanttoputforwardandexplain.Welcometospeakyourmind!

III.Shakespearethepoet

1.Hissonnet（ageneralintroductionaboutall154sonnets）:

SonnetXVIII

Pre-readingtask:

1.Tocontrastthetoneofthe1stand2ndstanzawiththeoneofthe3rd,trytofindthedifference.

2.Whataredenotationofsuchimagesas“summer’sday”,“budsofMay”and“roughwind”?

Notes:

•thee:

you

•Summer’sday:

warmthandbeauty（bestseasonforShakespeare）

•Thouart:

youare

•Temperate:

mild

•RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay:

beautyisshort-lived.

•Andeveryfairfromfairsometimesdecline（ainvertedline）:

Andeveryfairsometimesdeclinefromfair.

•Bychance,ornature’schangingcourseuntrimm’d（ainvertedline）:

untrimm’dBychance,ornature’schangingcourse.Trim:

dress

Questionsandtaskforsonnet18

1.ConsidertherelationshipamongfourstanzastoidentifythespecialpoeticpatternofShakespeariansonnet.

2.whatisthethemeofthissonnet?

EdmundSpenser

I.Spensertheman

1.bornofapoormerchant’sfamily;

2.EducatedatMerchantTailor’sschool

Inthisschool,ateacherwithhumanismconveyedtheideaofeducationasfollows:

“It’snotamind,norabody,thatwehavetoeducate,butaman,wecannotdividehim”.

3.StudyinginCambridgeUniversity,hewasundertheinfluenceofPlatonism（oneaspect:

theinnerbeautyismoreimportantthanthebeautyofappearance.）Thismaybefoundinhispoetry;andhealsogotmuchinfluencefromPhillipSidney,thisinfluenceisofimportanceforhiscreationofsonnet.

II.Spenserthepoet（mainlyhispoem）

1.Amoretti（爱情小唱）：

asequenceof88poems,inwhichsonnet54andsonnet75aremostfamous.

Pre-readingQuestionsforsonnet5