全国大学英语四级等级考试试题.docx

全国大学英语四级等级考试试题.docx

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全国大学英语四级等级考试试题

2012年12月全国大学英语四级等级考试试题

PartIWriting（30minutes）

注意：

此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashorteasyentitledHowWillOurLifeGoonwithoutInternet.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1. 网络提供给了人们丰富多彩和便捷的生活

2. 很多人开始感觉离开网络寸步难行

3.  你对网络依赖症的看法

HowWillOurLifeGoonwithoutInternet

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___________________________________________________________________________________________

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PartIIReadingComprehension（skimmingandscanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

TimeOfffromWorkGainsinImportance

　　Americanworkersaresayingtheyneedabreak.Astheirnumberofhoursclockedonthejobhascrepthigher,moretimeoffhasbecomeabiggerpriority.Inthepastfewyears,humanresourcesexpertssaytimeoffhasconsistentlyplacedamongthetopthreeemployeeconcerns,alongwithcompensationandstaffinglevels,whereasitusedtobefartherdownthelist.InaSpolltakenonlineinNovember2004,39%ofworkerssaidifgiventhechoice,theywouldchoosetimeoffovertheequivalentinadditionalbasesalary.Ofcourse,mostofthe4,600respondentsarestilloptingforthebiggerpaycheck,butthedesirefortimeoffisupalmost20%fromjustthreeyearsagowhenSconductedasimilarpoll.

　　Thereasonsforthisshiftaremanyandvaried.Somehavetodowiththewayanewgenerationisthinkingaboutwork,whileothersaredrivenbyhowcompaniesarerespondingtorecenteconomicpressures.

ANewGeneration

　　Theresultsmayinpartrepresenttheneedsofanewbreedofworkers.TheaverageAmericanisworkingonemonth（160hours）moreeachyearthanagenerationago.AccordingtorecruitingandhumancapitalmanagementexpertJohnSumser,youngerworkersworkformeaningfirstandmoneysecond.Hegoesontowarnemployersthatthesearethepeoplewhoarethefoundationforthenextworkforceandtheymaynotbuytheexistingparadigm（范例）.Astudyreleasedinlate2004bytheNewYork-basedFamiliesandWorkInstituteconcludesthatthenewbrandofyoungworkersisrejectingthework-centricstyleoftheirparents’generation.Thestudy,whichexamineschangesintheworkforceoverthepast25years,foundthatyoungerworkersaremorelikelytobe“family-centric”or“dual-centric”（withequalprioritiesonbothcareerandfamily）ratherthan“work-centric”whencomparedtomembersoftheBoomerGeneration.

September11thandtheEndoftheRoaringNineties

　　TheimpactoftheterroristattacksofSeptember11thcutacrossallagegroupsoftheworkforce.Wecollectivelyenteredanewera,reevaluatinglife’sprioritiesandmakingchangesinourattitudetowardtimespentatworkversushobbiesandfamily.“Istartedlookingatthingscompletelydifferently.I’vebeenfarlesswillingtoputinthe14-hourdaysnecessarytogetnoticedandclimbthecorporateladder,”saidTonyJackson,a43-year-oldemployeeofaNewYorkCity-basedfinancialservicescompany.“Frankly,Ican’tseethatchanging.”

　　EvenbeforeSeptember11th,someexpertssaytheslowshiftinworkerattitudeswasalreadyunderwayduetotheendoftheroaring1990’s,whenhourswerelongandsignificantpersonalwealthwascreated.Forthosewhofaredwellfinancially,someoptedforcareersofcontractworkwheretheycouldcallmoreoftheshotspertainingto（与……有关的）timeoff,ornewoccupationswithgreaterpersonalrewards.Forothers,eveniftheirbankaccountswerenotspillingoverfromAmerica’seconomicheyday（全盛时期）,theirownenergyhadbeendepletedduetounrelenting（毫不松懈的）yearsofworkhoursandhighstress.Theywerereadyforsomethinglesstaxing.

　　FamiliesandWorkInstitutePresidentandco-founderEllenGalinskyagrees.ShesaystheSpollnumbersshowevidenceofanincreaseinneedfortimeoffandashiftinthinkingduetothefactthatworkershavebeenpushedtotheirlimitinrecentyears.“Thisnewgenerationofworkersisattheedgeofhowlongtheycanwork.Itjustfeelsliketoomuch.Theyarenotslackers（懒虫）;theyjustdon’twantmore,”saysGalinsky.

MonetaryNeedsLessIntenseDuetoDualIncomeHouseholds

　　“We’vedecidedweprefertohavemoretimetoourselves,”saysCarolKornhaber,aNewEnglandsoftwareprogrammerinherlatetwenties.Kornhaberandherhusbandarebothworkingbuthavesoughtoutjobswheretheyarenotpressedtoputinlonghours.Instead,theyhaveinsisteduponeight-hourdaysandhavingenoughvacationtimetotravel,amajorinteresttheyshare.Financialpressuresareeasedbybothofthemworkingandkeepingacarefulwatchontheirexpenses.“Weareluckyinalotofwaystohavefoundbosseswhounderstandourneeds.”

Burnout

　　Tryingtosqueezemoreproductivityoutofworkersmaybenothingnew,butithasbecomeparticularlyacuteinrecentyears.Thishasbeendueinlargemeasuretorecession-inducedlayoffsandothertrendssuchastherisingcostofhealthcarebenefits.Afteralayoff,workerswhoremainbehindareoftenaskedtopickupmostorevenalltheloadofthepeoplewhowereletgo,requiringmoreandmorehoursattheoffice.Asnewcorporateinitiativesareplanned,theinverseisalsotrue.AsSumserobserves,“theadditionalworkload,whichrunsacrosstheeconomyfromtheofficeworkertothemanufacturingline,seemstobeafunctionofthecostofbenefits.Theregulationsmakeitcheapertoaddworkloadforexistingemployeesthantohirenewplayers.”TheFamiliesandWorkInstitutereportsthatnearlyonethirdofU.S.employeesoftenorveryoftenfeeloverworkedoroverwhelmedbyhowmuchworktheyhavetodo.Nearlythreeoutoffourreportthattheyfrequentlydreamaboutdoingsomethingdifferentfromtheircurrentjob.

ShowMetheMoney

　　Overworkedornot,themajorityintheSpollstillchosetofattentheirpaycheckifgiventhechoice.Formany,itwasapracticalmatter.SaysPeggyJones,anaccountantinaBostonareabusinessservicescompany,“IalreadygetthreeweeksayearthatIcan’tuseupbecauseI’msobusy.I’ddefinitelygofortheextramoneytopaysomebillsormakeabigpurchaseI’vebeenholdingoffon.”ForJones,therealitiesofrunningahouseholdandsavingupforcollegeforherchildrensimplyneedtotakeprecedenceoverextrafreetime.

CompaniesAreAlreadyResponding

Tomanyhumanresourcesexpertsitisinevitablethat,giventhegrowinghealthoftheeconomyandtheupcomingpopulation-drivenlaborshortagesastheBoomerGenerationmovesintoretirement,thependulumofcontrolintheemployee-employerrelationshipwillswingbacktotheemployeeside.Thatisexpectedtobegininjustafewyears.Accordingtohumanresourcesexpert,LarrySchumer,atS,“sincemostcompaniessucceedbasedonamotivatedandcapableworkforce,theyhaveofferedandwillcontinuetooffermorepaidflexibility,whetheritbethroughtriedandtestedtime-offprogramsorthenextgreatidea.”Wherewillthatnewbalanceofemployerversusemployeeneedslie?

Time,orperhapstimeoff,surelywilltell.

1.Whichofthefollowinghasbeenrisinginimportanceinthepastfewyears?

　A）Compensation.B）Timeoff.C）Righttovote.D）Staffinglevels.

2.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthattheBoomerGenerationisconcerned________.

　A）aboutfamilyandworkequallyB）moreaboutwork

　C）moreaboutfamilyD）aboutneitherworknorfamily

3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutTonyJackson?

A）Heis43yearsold.

B）Heworksinafinancialservicescompany.

　C）Hehaschangedhislifeandworkattitude.

D）Hespends14hoursadayonhiswork.

4.WhendidAmericanworkersgraduallybegintochangetheirattitudestowardswork?

　　A）AfterSeptember11.B）InNovember2004.

C）Inlate2004.D）Attheendoftheroaring1990’s.

5.AccordingtoEllenGalinsky,whydidworkerschangetheirmindaboutwork?

　　A）Theyhavebeenpushedtothelimitoftheirworkinghours.

　　B）Theyincreasedtheirneedtoenjoylife.

　　C）Theyhavemorerightsthanbefore.

　　D）Theydon’twanttoworkforaliving.

6.CarolKornhaberandherhusbanddon’thavetoomuchfinancialpressurebecause___________.

A）theyhaveparentswhoarerich

B）theydon’thavechildrentofeed

C）theybothhaveahighsalary

D）theybothhaveworkandtheyarethrifty

7.Afteralayoff,theemployeeswhokeeptheirjobsusuallyhaveto___________.

A）findanotherjobincasetheyarefired

B）dowhattheirbossestellthemto

C）worklongerhourstoavoidbeingfired

D）dotheworkleftbythelaid-offworkers

8.AccordingtoS,comparedwiththreeyearsago,thedesirefortimeoffisupalmost________________________.

9.AccordingtothepollfromS,themajorityofemployeespreferredto________________________iftheyhadthechoice.

10.LarrySchumersaidthatmostcompaniessucceededbasedonamotivatedandcapable__________________________.

PartⅢListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11.A）Sheusedtobeinpoorhealth.  B）Shewaspopularamongboys.

C）Shewassomewhatoverweight.     D）Shedidn’tdowellathighsch