物理化学答案上册高教第五版Answer on physical chemistry of higher educationFifth Edition.docx

物理化学答案上册高教第五版Answer on physical chemistry of higher educationFifth Edition.docx

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物理化学答案上册高教第五版AnsweronphysicalchemistryofhighereducationFifthEdition

物理化学答案_上册_高教_第五版（Answer__onphysicalchemistryofhighereducation_FifthEdition）

Chapter1gas

PVT

Nature

1.1materialexpansioncoefficient

Isothermalcompressionrate

Thedefinitionisasfollows

Testtheintroductionofidealgas

Relationshipwithpressureandtemperature.

Accordingtotheidealgasequation

1.5twoglassballswithVvolumeareconnectedbyasmalltube,andthebubblesaresealedwithstandardair.Ifso

Aballisheatedto100degreesC,whiletheotherballismaintainedat0degreesC.Thevolumeofthegasinthepipeisneglectedandthecontainerissought

Internalairpressure.

Solution:

fromthequestiontothecondition,

（1）thetotalmassofthesystemisconstant;

（2）thepressureremainsthesameinthetwoball.

Standardstate:

Therefore,

Asfigure1.9shows,thecontainerareapartition,bothsidesareatthesamepressureofhydrogenandnitrogen,twoareregardedasideal

Gas.

Page

（1）whenthetemperatureinthecontaineriskeptconstant,theseparatorisremovedandthevolumeofthebarrieritselfisnegligible

Seekthepressureoftwogasesmixed.

（2）isthemolarvolumeofH2andN2equalbeforeandaftertheseparationoftheseparator?

（3）aftertheseparationoftheseparator,thepartialpressureofH2andN2inthemixturegasandthevolumeoftheirrespectivepartsareseveral

Solution:

（1）afterisothermalmixing

Thatis,undertheaboveconditions,themixingpressureofthesystemisconsidered

.

（2）howisthemolarvolumeofacomponentinamixedgasdefined?

（3）accordingtothedefinitionofvolume

Forpartialpressure

1.11atmosphericpressureairinaautoclaveatroomtemperatureforsafetyduringtheexperimentandtheuseofpurenitrogenatthesametemperature

Thestepsareasfollows:

nitrogenissenttothekettleuntilitis4timesashighastheair,andthenthemixturegasisdischargedfromthetankuntilitisrecovered

Compoundatmosphericpressure.Repeatthreetimes.Themolefractionofoxygencontainedinthegasisobtainedwhenthefinalexhaustgasreachesthenormalatmosphericpressure.

Analysis:

everytimeafterthenitrogengas,thegasreturnedtotheatmosphericpressureP,andthemolefractionofthemixedgasremainedunchanged.

Beforethefirstchargeofnitrogen,themolefractionofoxygeninthesystemis

Afternitrogen,themolefractionofoxygeninthesystem

by

Then,

.Repeattheprocessabove,n

Aftersecondarynitrogen,themolefractionofthesystemis

therefore

.

1.13thereare0degreesC,40.530kPaN2gas,usingidealgasequationofstateandvan,der,Waalsequationcalculation

Itsmolarvolume.Theexperimentalvalueis

.

Solution:

theequationofstateofidealgasisused

Page

Usingvan,der,andWaalscalculations,look-uptablesareknownforN2gas（Appendixseven）

MatLabfzerofunctionisusedtoobtainthesolutionoftheequation

Directiterationcanalsobeused,

Takeinitialvalue

Iteratetentimes

At1.1625degreesC,saturatedacetylenegassaturatedwithwater（i.e.,thepartialpressureofthesteaminthemixtureissaturatedatthesametemperature）

Andvaporpressure）thetotalpressureis138.7kPaandiscooledto10DEGCatconstanttotalpressure,whichcondensessomeofthewatervaporintowater.Trytoseekfor

Theamountofmaterialthatcondensesinthecoolingprocessofeachmoleofdryacetylenegas.Saturatedvaporofwaterat25Cand10degreesC

Thepressuresare3.17kPaand1.23kPa,respectively.

Solution:

theprocessisillustratedasfollows

Ifthesystemisanidealgasmixture,then

1.17atightlypackedrigidcontainerfilledwithairandwithasmallamountofwater.Butcontainersareingreatbalanceat300Kconditions,containers

Theinternalpressureis101.325kPa.Ifthecontainerismovedtoboilingwaterof373.15K,trytoachieveanewequilibriuminthecontainer

Somepressure.Thereisalwayswaterinthecontainer,andanyvolumechangeofwatercanbeneglected.300Kthesaturatedvaporpressureofwater

For3.567kPa.

Solution:

whengasphaseisregardedasidealgas,at300K,thepartialpressureofairis

Page

Asthevolumeisconstant（ignoringanychangeinvolumeofwater）,thepartialpressureoftheairat373.15Kis

Sincethereisalwayswaterpresentinthecontainer,thesaturatedvaporpressureofwaterat373.15Kis101.325kPa

Thepartialpressureofwatervaporis101.325kPa,sothetotalpressureofthesystem

Page

Thesecondchapteristhefirstlawofthermodynamics

2.5theinitialstateis25~C,200kPa,5molofanidealgas,bywayofa,Btwodifferentwaystothesamefinal.

Bywayofa,theadiabaticexpansionto-28.47degreesC,100kPa,thestepsofthework

Theconstantvolumeheatsuptothepressure

200kPathefinalstepofheat

.PathwayBisaconstantpressureheatingprocess.SeekingwaysofB

and

.

Solution:

firstdeterminetheinitialandfinalsystem

ForthewayB,hisworkis

Accordingtothefirstlawofthermodynamics

2.64molofanidealgas,thetemperatureincreasedby20degreesC

Value.

Solution:

accordingtothedefinitionofenthalpy

2.102molanidealgas,

.

Theinitialstateis100kPa,50DM

Three

Theconstantvolumeheatingincreasesthevolumeofpressure

Aslargeas150DM

Three

Constantpressurecoolingreducedthevolumeto25DM

Three

.Seekingthewholeprocess

.

Solution:

theprocessisillustratedasfollows

Page

Because

Then,

Yes,idealgas

and

It'sjustafunctionoftemperature

Theapproachinvolvesonlyconstantvolumeandconstantpressureprocesses,soitisconvenienttocalculatethework

Accordingtothefirstlawofthermodynamics

The2.13known20DEGCliquidethanol（C2H5OH,l）oftheexpansioncoefficient

Isothermalcompressionrate

Density

Molarheatcapacityatconstantpressure

.Seek20DEGC,liquidethanol

.

Solution:

thesecondlawofthermodynamicscanprovethattherelationshipbetweenconstantpressuremolarheatcapacityandconstantvolumemolarheatcapacityisasfollows

2.14volumeis27m

Three

Asmallheatingelementisarrangedintheinsulatingcontainer,andasmallholeiscommunicatedwiththeatmosphereofthe100kPa,

Tomaintainconstantairpressureinthevessel.Theheatingdeviceisusedtoheattheairintheapparatusfrom0DEGCto20DEGC

Howmuchheatisgiventotheairinthecontainer?

.Knownair

.

Iftheairisanidealgas,thetemperatureoftheairinthecontainerwillbeuniformduringheating.

Solution:

inthisproblem,thepressureoftheairinthecontainerisconstant,butthemassofthematerialvarieswiththetemperature

Page

Note:

cannotbeappliedintheabovequestions

Althoughthevolumeofthecontainerisconstant.Thisisbecause,from

Theairoutoftheholewilldotheworktotheenvironment.Theworkdoneisasfollows:

WhenthetemperatureisT,thesystemtemperatureisincreasedbydT,andthemassoftheairdischargedfromthecontaineris

Workdone

That'sexactlywhatit'sworth

and

Thedifferenceinheatcalculated.

2.15volumeis0.1M

Three

Aninsulatingpartitionboardisarrangedintheconstantvolumeclosedcontainer,whereinthesidesarerespectively0DEGC,4molAr（g）and

150degreesC,2molCu（s）.Thepartitionremoved,thesystemreachesheatbalance,temperatureandprocessforfinalt

.

Known:

molarheatcapacityatconstantpressureofAr（g）andCu（s）

Respectivelyas

and

Andassumethattheydonotchangewithtemperature.

Hereisthediagrambelow

Itisassumedthattheinsulationwallisinclosecontactwiththecopperblock,andthevolumeofcopperblockvarieswithtemperature

Theprocesscanbeviewedasaconstantvolumeprocess,therefore

Page

Itisassumedthatgascanberegardedasanidealgas,

Then,

Thetemperatureofthewatergasattheoutletofthe2.16watergasproduceris1100degreesC,andthemolefractionsofCO（g）andH2（g）are0.5.

If300kgofwatergasiscooledfrom1100Cto100Cperhour,andheatedbytherecoveredheat,thewatertemperatureiscausedby

25degreesCriseto75degreesC.Seekthequalityofhotwaterproducedperhour.MolarconstantheatcapacityofCO（g）andH2（g）

Temperature

Functionrelations,book,appendix,water

Specificheatcapacityatconstantpressure

.

Interpretation:

themassfractionofCO（g）andH2（g）in300kgwatergasisrespectively

300kgofwatergasfrom1100degreesCto100degreesCcoolingheat

Thequalityofproducinghotwaterism

2.18monatomicidealgasAinamixtureofdiatomicidealgasB,atotalof5mol,molefraction

Initialstate

temperature

Pressure

.Themixtureisinsulatedagainstconstantexternalpressure

Expandto

Equilibriumstate.Forthefinaltemperature

Andprocess

.

Solution:

theprocessisillustratedasfollows

Analysis:

becauseoftheadiabaticprocess,thechangeofthermodynamicenergyinprocessisequaltotheformofworkbetweenthesystemandenvironment

Theenergyexchangedbythepotential.Therefore,

Page

Monatomicmolecule

Diatomicmolecule

Sincetheidealgases,UandH,areonlyfunctionsoftemperature,so

2.19thereisaninsulatingpartitionintheinsulatedcontainerofthepistoninthevicinity.Thesidesofthebulkheadare2moland0Crespectively

GasAand5mol,100degreesCdiatomicidealgasB,twogaspressureis100kPa.Pressuredimensionoutsidethepiston

Remainunchangedat100kPa.Thiswillberemovedfromthecontainerplate,thetwokindsofgasmixturetoreachanequilibriumstate.ThetemperatureforthefinalandT

Procedural

.

Solution:

theprocessisillustratedasfollows

Itisassumedthattheinsulationpartitionplateisreplacedbyaheatconductionbaffle