广州英语新八年级U3.docx
《广州英语新八年级U3.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《广州英语新八年级U3.docx（31页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
广州英语新八年级U3
U3语法：
被动语态
被动语态（TePassiveVoice）：
语态是英语动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语之间的关系，即主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态是动作的执行者做主语，被动语态是动作的承受者做主语。
只有及物动词才有被动语态。
例如：
Theboyslikefootball.男孩儿喜欢足球。
（主动语态）
Footballislikedbytheboys.足球被男孩儿喜欢。
（被动语态）
二、被动语态的构成：
被动语态的构成形式是be+及物动词的过去分词（P.P），其中动词be是助动词，有人称和数的变化，其变化规则与其作连系动词时完全一样。
被动语态的否定句是在第一个助动词后加not，一般疑问句是把第一个助动词提前放到句首。
主要时态的被动语态的结构和肯定句、否定句及一般疑问句总结如下：
*一般现在时：
am/is/are+P.P
Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.
Ourclassroomisnotcleanedeveryday.
Isourclassroomcleanedeveryday?
Yes,itis.No,itisn't.
*一般过去时：
was/were+P.P
Ourclassroomwascleanedyesterday.
Ourclassroomwasn'tcleanedyesterday.
Wasourclassroomcleanedyesterday?
Yes,itwas.No,itwasn't.
*一般将来时：
will+be+P.P
Ourclassroomwillbecleanedtomorrow.
Ourclassroomwon'tbecleanedtomorrow.
Willourclassroombecleanedtomorrow?
Yes,itwill.No,itwon't.
*现在完成时：
have/has+been+P.P
Ourclassroomhasbeencleaned.
Ourclassroomhasn'tbeencleaned.
Hasourclassroombeencleaned?
Yes,ithas.No,ithasn't.
*现在进行时：
am/is/are+being+P.P
Ourclassroomisbeingcleanednow.
Ourclassroomisn'tbeingcleanednow.
Isourclassroombeingcleanednow?
Yes,itis.No,itisn't.
*情态动词：
can/must/may/should+be+P.P
Ourclassroommustbecleanedwell.
Ourclassroommustn'tbecleanedwell.
Mustourclassroombecleanedwell?
Yes,itmust.No,itneeden't.（must提问，否定回答用neen't.）
三、被动语态的用法
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。
例如：
Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.
2.没有必要指出动作的执行者。
Thisdeskismadeofwood.
3.强调动作的承受者。
Englishisspokenbymanypeople.
四、主动语态变成被动语态的方法：
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动结构的谓语动词变为被动结构。
3.把主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语。
（在含义明确时，by短语可以省略。
）例如：
StudentsshouldspeakEnglishinandoutofclass.
（主语） （宾语）
Englishshouldbespokeninandoutofclassbystudents.
（主语） （介词宾语）
五、需要注意的几个问题。
（一）用不带“to”的不定式作宾语补足语的句子，变被动语态时，不定式符号“to”不能省略。
例如：
1.Thebossmadetheworkerswork14hoursaday.
Theworkersweremadetowork14hoursaday.
2.Hesawtheteachergointotheofficejustnow.
Theteacherwasseentogointotheofficejustnow.
（二）相当于及物动词的短语动词，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉词组末尾的介词或副词。
例如：
1.Thebabiesmustbetakengoodcareof.
2.Thebooksmustn'tbetakenawayfromthereading.
（三）含有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的句子，变被动语态时，将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动。
（一般是将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语。
）例如：
Mymothergavemeapresentformybirthday.
Iwasgivenapresentformybirthdaybymymother.
Apresentwasgiventomeformybirthdaybymymother.
六、被动语态常见句型
1.bemadeof由…构成（发生物理变化）Thisdeskismadeofwood.
bemadefrom由…构成（发生化学变化）
Thiskindofpaperismadefromwood.
bemadein在…生产或制造TheTVsetismadeinJapan.
bemadeby被…制造Thesemachinesaremadebytheworkers.
2.beusedfor被用于…Thekeyisusedforlockingthedoor.
beusedtodo被用于做某事
Man-madesatellitesareusedtosendandreveivemassages.
beusedas被作为…来使用
Englishisusedasaforeignlanguageinmanycountries.
3.becoveredwith被…覆盖Thegroundwascoveredwithsnowafteritsnowed.
4.befilledwith被…装满Thebottlewasfilledwithwater.
5.Itissaidthat…据说…
Itissaidthatthepopulationoftheworldwasverysmalllonglongago.
被动语态专题训练题
一、把下列句子变为被动语态
1.WeheardhersingatthepartylastSunday.
2.Youmusttakegoodcareofthechildren.
3.Hewroteabookoncomputers.
4.Weplantedmillionsoftreeslastyear.
5.Shetoldmeaboutitjustnow.
6.Theyarepreparingfortheexam.
7.PeoplemayuseEnglisheverywhereintheworld.
二、选择填空
（ ）1.Theholemustbe_____forthetree.
A.enoughtlarge B.largeenough
C.toolarge D.verylarge
（ ）2.Today,toomanytreesarestill_____intheworld.
A.cuttingdown B.cutdown
C.beingcutdownD.cutteddown
（ ）3.English_____inmanycountries,butChinese_____theirownlanguages.
A.isspoken,speaks B.speaks,isspoken
C.isspoken,speaken D.isspoken,isspoken
（ ）4.Thiskindofapple______inJinzhou.
A.isgrown B.grow
C.grew D.aregrown
（ ）5.Theseyoungtreesmust______afterwell.
A.look B.looksafter
C.belooked D.looked
（ ）6.Mycoatismade_____coolandsilk.
A.to B.for C.from D.of
（ ）7.Ourteacherwasseen______totheofficeamomentago.
A.go B.togo C.going D.goes
（ ）8.TheOxfordCastle_____byHenry·H（1154-1189）.Itisinverygoodconditionnow.
A.built B.wasbuilt C.hasbeenbuilt D.isbuilt
（ ）9.Icecanbe_____water.
A.turninto B.turnto C.turnedinto D.turnedto
（ ）10.Keysareusedfor_____doors.
A.lock B.locked C.locking D.locks
（ ）11.When_____thePRC_____?
OnOctoberist.
A.was,found B.was,founded C.is,found D.were,founded
（ ）12.Sorry,allthevegetables______.Pleasecometomorrow.
A.sellswell B.havesoldoutC.havebeensoldout D.areselling
（ ）13.Themanisbadlyhurt.He_____tothehospital.
A.hassent B.hasbeensent C.sent D.hassentfor
（ ）14.Abigcinema______inourtownnextyear.
A.willputup B.isputtingup C.willbeputup D.hasputup
（ ）15.Thisbook_____byafamousewritermanyyearsago.
A.writes B.iswritten C.waswriten D.waswritten
（ ）16.Sheaskedmeifthestorywas______arealperson.
A.basedon B.baseon C.basesin D.basedby
（ ）17.Wheatmaybegrownafterthecornandsweetpotatoes______.
A.harvest B.harvested C.isharvest D.areharvested
（ ）18.Thegreenhouseshouldbe_____glass.
A.madeof B.madefrom C.madeinto D.madein
（ ）19.Thestrangethingwasused______winebyancientpeople.
A.fordrink B.todrink C.drinking D.drank
（ ）20.InChinathemoney______tochildrenforgoodluckbytheirparentsorotherseniorinSpringFestival
A.gives B.isgiven C.aregiven D.give
三、改写句子
1.Theybuiltanewschoolinthevillagelastyear.
Anewschool____________inthevillagelastyear.
2.Intheolddayspeopleusedteapotstomaketea.
Intheolddaysteapot____________tomaketea.
3.Thismakesmefeelthirsty.I_______________feelthirstybythis.
4.Didyoubuythisbikefromtheshop?
____________________fromtheshop?
5.Onlythisyear,millionsoftreeshasbeenplantedbythesoldiers.
Thesoldiers____________millionsoftrees,thisyear______.
6.Weshouldspeaktooldmenpolitely.Oldmenshould_______________politely.
四、翻译句子
1.学生们的作文还没有交上来。
2.这种冰箱是日本生产的。
3.水稻产在南方。
4.课内课外都应该说英语。
5.玉米和田薯收获之后就可以种小麦了。
6.博物馆里展出的文物不能碰。
7.各地都在建温室用于冬天种菜。
8.这种特别的恐龙是在辽宁省发现的。
9.中国共产党是什么时候建立的？
10.这个号码的鞋已经卖完了。
选择题
1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?
A.Is;builtB.Was;built
C.Does;buildD.Did;build
2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.
A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappened
C.ishappenedD.happened
3.Cotton____inthesoutheastofChina.
A.isgrownB.aregrown
C.growsD.grow
4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.
A.isvisitedB.willbevisited
C.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited
5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.
A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives
6.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.
A.aredoingB.arebeingdone
C.hasbeendoneD.willbedone
7.Thedoctor_____foryet.
A.isn'tsentB.hasn'tbeensent
C.won'tbesentD.wasn'tsent
8.--When___thiskindofcomputer______?
--Lastyear.
A.did;useB.was;used
C.is;usedD.are;used
9.Who_____thisbook_____?
A.did;writtenB.was;writtenby
C.did;writtenD.was;written
10.Mary____showmehernewdictionary.
A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedto
C.isaskedD.asksto
11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.
A.wastoldusB.wastoldtous
C.istoldusD.toldus
12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.
A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump
13.Olderpeople____well.
A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafter
C.mustlookafterD.lookedafter
14.Ourteacher______carefully.
A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelisten
C.belistenedD.islistened
15.Insomepartoftheworld,tea_______withmilkandsugar.
A.isservingB.isserved
C.servesD.served
16.Itwasreportedthatthemurderer_______arrested.
A.hasbeenB.hadbeen
C.hasD.had
17.Doyouthinkthatthebridge______inayear?
A.wouldbecompletedB.willbecompleted
C.hadbeencompletedD.isbeingcompleted
18.Greatchanges_______inChinasincethePeople’sRepublicofChina_______in1949.
A.havetakenplace;wasfounded
B.hastakenplace;wasfounded
C.havebeentakenplace;founded
D.tookplace;founded
19.—WhydoesLingLinglooksounhappy?
—Shehas_______byherclassmates.
A.laughedB.laughedat
C.beenlaughedD.beenlaughedat
20.Doctors_______ineverypartoftheworld.
A.needB.areneeding
C.areneededD.willneed
21.Ipromisethatmatterwill_______.
A.betakencareB.betakencareof
C.takecareD.takecareof
22.Nopermissionhas________foranybodytoenterthe
building.
A.beengivenB.given
.C.togiveD.begiven
23.I___tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.
A.gaveB.wasgiven
C.wasgivingD.hadgiven
24.Cansuchathing_____happeningagain?
A.preventfromB.preventedfrom
C.bepreventedfromD.topreventfrom
25.Anewhouse________atthecorneroftheroad.
A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuilt
C.beenbuiltD.bebuilding
26.Thisbike________lastyear.
A.boughtB.hasbeenbought
C.wasboughtD.hadbeenbought
27.Didyouseethehousethat_______byfirelastyear
升级会员 