Task 1 Writing for YA903.docx

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Task 1 Writing for YA903.docx

Task1WritingforYA903

雅思强化班YA903补充讲义

何钢

Task1Writing

(AcademicModule)

TypesofTask1Writing

●Graph,Barchart,Piechart,Table

●Diagram

 

Thestructureofchartwriting

●Introduction:

Saywhatthechartshows---describethebasicinformationinthechart.

●Body:

Identifysignificanttrendsandquoteexamplestosupportyourstatements.

●Conclusion:

Summarizethetrends(Saywhatthegeneraltrendis)and/orcomparethetrends.

Note:

Youwillbemarkedonyourabilitytocompare,contrastandorganizethedata.However,youshouldnotinterpretitorofferanopiniononthefacts.

Inthebodyparagraph,youshouldgroupyourinformationcoherentlyanditisessentialtouseappropriateconnectivewordsortransitionalexpressions.

Intheconclusion,donotsimplyrepeattheintroduction,normakeanycomments.

 

Basicelements:

factualinformationaboutthechart(time,location,content,dataform---number/percentage)

Note:

Youcanusesomeofthewordsinthequestion,butdonotcopywordforword.Expresstheideainadifferentway.

有关“显示、表明”的动词:

Show,give,describe,demonstrate,depict,illustrate,indicate,reflect,relate…

剑三Test4

ThelinechartdescribesthepercentageoftheunemployedpopulationintheU.S.andJapanfromMarch1993toMarch1999.

 

TheBodyParagraphs

Describesignificanttrendsbasedontheanalysisofthedata

●Graph(Linechart)曲线图的描写

用于描述趋势(变化)的常用表达(动词/名词):

1.上升

Rise,increase,grow,goup,improve,climb,boom…

Peak(summit)

2.下降

Decrease,fall,drop,dip,godown,decline,reduce…

Bottom

3.平稳

Remain/stay/maintainunchanged(steady/stable/level),levelout/off

4.波动

Fluctuate,change

例1:

过去二十年里,美国胖子的人数大大增加了。

(分别用动词和名词来表达)

---ThenumberofoverweightpeopleintheUShasincreasedsubstantiallyoverthepasttwentyyears.

---TherehasbeenaconsiderableincreaseinthenumberofoverweightpeopleintheUSoverthepasttwentyyears.

例2:

从1996年到1999年,学生在住宿方面的花费占总支出的百分比下降了3%,从23%下降到20%。

---Thepercentageoftheexpenseonaccommodationforstudentsdecreasedby3%(from23%to20%)overtheperiodbetween1996and1999.

---Duringtheperiod1996to1999,studentsspent3%lessonaccommodation,whichfellfrom23%to20%oftotalexpenditure.

---Therewasa3%decreaseinspendingonaccommodation,whichfellfrom23%to20%.

---Spendingonaccommodationwentdownby3%from23%to20%.

介词的使用:

in–achangeincategory.(afallinlivingstandards)

of–noun+of+amount(afallof20%)

by–verb+by+amount(itroseby15%)

at–afixednumber(therecordstoodat250kph)

如何变化?

(形容词/副词)

1.大大(明显)

Great,considerable,enormous,significant,substantial

2.小小(微弱)

Slight,moderate,modest,marginal

3.迅速

Sharp,rapid,dramatic,steep

4.缓慢

Slow,steady,stable

趋势与时态的使用

●一般过去时:

yesterday,in1997,lastyear…

●现在完成时:

since1997,ever,thismonth…

●将来时:

nextyear,tomorrow,overthenextweek…

●谈论未来或是预测数据:

…are/islikelyto

…are/ispredictedto

…are/isexpectedto

剑三Test4

ThelinechartdescribesthepercentageoftheunemployedpopulationintheU.S.andJapanfromMarch1993toMarch1999.

TheunemploymentratesinJapanincreasedsteadilyfrom3%inMarch1993to4.4%inMarch1996.Afterthat,itdecreasedsharplyby0.5%untilJune1996andthenroseagainto5%inJune1998.DuringtheperiodfromJune1998toMar1999,theunemploymentrateremainedroughlythesameat5%.

AstotheunemploymentratesintheUS,therewasadropfrom7%inMarch1993to5%inSept1996despiteminorfluctuations.However,theunemploymentratesleveledoffsincethen.

(InMarch1993,theunemploymentrateintheUSwas7%,significantlyhigherthanthatofJapan(3%).Sincethen,thegradualdecreaseintheunemploymentratesintheUSwasaccompaniedwitharelevantgrowthinJapan.

IntheU.S.,therewerefluctuationsinthepercentageofunemployment.FromMarch93toMarch96,theunemploymentratedroppedfrom7%to5%.However,sincethen,itremainedroughlyconstantat5%.)

InMarch1993,theunemploymentrateintheU.S.(7%)wasconsiderablyhigherthanthatofJapan(3%).WiththedecreaseinunemploymentratesintheU.S.,therewasasignificantgrowthinJapan.

剑五Test1

Thegraphbelowshowstheproportionofthepopulationaged65andoverbetween1940and2040inthreedifferentcountries.

范文:

ThegraphshowstheincreaseintheageingpopulationinJapan,SwedenandtheUSA.Itindicatesthatthepercentageofelderlypeopleinallthreecountriesisexpectedtoincreasetoalmost25%oftherespectivepopulationsbytheyear2040.

In1940theproportionofpeopleaged65ormorestoodatonly5%inJapan,approximately7%inSwedenand9%intheUS.However,whilethefiguresfortheWesterncountriesgrewtoabout15%inaround1990,thefigureforJapandippedtoonly2.5%formuchofthisperiod,beforerisingtoalmost5%againatthepresenttime.

Inspiteofsomefluctuationintheexpectedpercentages,theproportionofolderpeoplewillprobablycontinuetoincreaseinthenexttwodecadesinthethreecountries.Amoredramaticriseispredictedbetween2030and2040inJapan,bywhichtimeitisthoughtthattheproportionofelderlypeoplewillbesimilarinthethreecountries.

 

柱状图

柱状图变化描述四步骤(e.g.剑二p.91)

1.分别看各自变化

2.合并同类趋势

3.从左到右依次写

4.特殊变化放最后

Cf剑三p.51

Whereis变化?

Howtoshow比较?

只有比较,没有变化!

(变化的实质是什么?

主体写变化

结尾写比较

变化---从左到右

比较---从大到小

LengthofhoursofwatchingTVinaschoolday

TimetobeallowedforwatchingTVinaschoolday

范文:

ThebarchartsillustratethenumberofhourandtheperiodoftimeboysandgirlsspendonwatchingTVinaschoolday.

Mostgirlsandboys(52%)watchTVfor1to5hoursperschoolday.20%ofgirlswatchTVforlessthan1hourcomparedto18%ofboys,whilethepercentageisjusttheoppositeamongstudentswhositinfrontofTVfor5to9hours.FewstudentswatchTVformorethan9hoursordon’twatchatall.

AstothetimeallowedforTVviewing,mostgirlsandboyswatchTVduringtheperiodfrom7:

30to9:

30pm,with54%and52%respectively.ThesecondmostpopularperiodoftimeallowedforstudentstowatchTVisbetween9:

30and11:

00pm,36%forgirlsand38%forboys.

Overall,moststudentswatchTVfor1to5hoursinaschoolday,andtheytendtodosofrom7:

30to9:

30pm.Besides,thereislittledifferenceinTVviewingastogirlsandboys.

 

更多柱状图,请参考

CambridgeIELTS2---Test4

CambridgeIELTS3---Test2&3

CambridgeIELTS5---Test2

●饼状图

教材p.89

---主体段落:

变化(增加;下降)按照变化的幅度

---结尾:

比较(最大的:

coal)

●表格

ThetableillustratestheinformationofthecountriesofMadagascarandMauritiusaroundtheIndianOceanin1999.

Madagascar

Mauritius

surfacearea(km²)

12823

2189

population(thousands)

2678

456

GDP(US$percapita)

120

360

growthrateofpopulation

12%

2%

enrolmentofschool:

primary

97%

99.52%

secondary

51%

73%

TheGDPofMadagascarwas120US$percapita,onlyonethirdthenumberofMauritius(360).

 

变化与比较

ThesurfaceareaofMadagascarwassixtimesmorethanthatofMauritus.

Thesurfaceareawas6timesaslargeinMadagascarasinMauritius.

Thepopulationis6timesasmuchinMadagascarasinMauritius.

Thepopulationis20%smallerinMadagascarthaninMauritius.

TheGDPis1/3asmuchinMadagascarasinMauritius,with120US$and360US$respectively.

 

WRITINGTASK1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.

ThetablebelowshowstheproportionofdifferentcategoriesoffamilieslivinginpovertyinAustraliain1999.

Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.

Familytype

Proportionofpeoplefromeach

householdtypelivinginpoverty

singleagedperson

agedcouple

single,nochildren

couple,nochildren

soleparent

couplewithchildren

allhouseholds

6%(54,000)

4%(48,000)

19%(359,000)

7%(211,000)

21%(232,000)

12%(933,000)

11%(1,837,000)

ModelAnswer:

ThetablegivesabreakdownofthedifferenttypesoffamilywhowerelivinginpovertyinAustraliain1999.

Onaverage,11%ofallhouseholds,comprisingalmosttwomillionpeople,wereinthisposition.However,thoseconsistingofonlyoneparentorasingleadulthadalmostdoublethisproportionofpoorpeople,with21%and19%respectively.

Couplesgenerallytendedtobebetteroff,withlowerpovertylevelsforcoupleswithoutchildren(7%)thanthosewithchildren(12%).Itisnoticeablethatforbothtypesofhouseholdwithchildren,ahigherthanaverageproportionwerelivinginpovertyatthistime.

Olderpeopleweregenerallylesslikelytobepoor,thoughonceagainthetrendfavouredelderlycouples(only4%)ratherthansingleelderlypeople(6%).

Overallthetablesuggeststhathouseholdsofsingleadultsandthosewithchildrenweremorelikelytobelivinginpovertythanthoseconsistingofcouples.

(9分7句154词)

图表作文是雅思写作Task1的必考项目(Task2是议论文)。

图表通常分为两大类。

一类是数据图,包括曲线图(graph/linechart),柱状图(barchart/columnchart),饼状图(piechart)和表格(table)。

另一大类是示意图(diagram)。

目前在雅思考试中主要出现的是数据图。

对于数据图来说,首先要仔细审题。

审题包括看文字说明以及图表。

文字说明部分一般提供了有关这个图表的最基本信息,如所涉及的时间地点和研究的对象。

对于图表部分,我们需要仔细考察,找出值得描述的总体趋势(overalltrends)和不规则变化(irregularities)。

图表作文通常应该分成三部分。

第一部分介绍图表基本事实性信息。

我们通常可以把题目进行改写。

对比题目和范文:

show---give,proportion---breakdown,type---category,whowereliving---living。

其实就是使用同义词替换和语法改写。

第二部分是图表作文的主体。

其中最关键的是分析并描写趋势。

很多考生可能会草率地直接从上往下逐一描述,这样的结果就是一个流水账,而不是对于信息的处理和总结。

在这个表格里,应该先描写黑体字(表示强调)的总量(allhouseholds)中贫困家庭的百分比。

然后,描述表格中最突出信息(themostobviousfeature),也就是贫困家庭百分比最大的19%和21%的single,nochildren和soleparent群体。

得出单身群体,无论是有没有小孩,生活在贫困线以下的比例较高。

接下来,可以进行对比,与这两个群体形成鲜明对比的是7%和12%的couple,nochildren和couplewithchildren群体。

得出的趋势是成年人中,无论是有小孩的,还是没有小孩的,夫妻要比单身的不容易陷入贫困。

最后,描述一下6%和4%的singleagedperson和agedcouple群体,老年人最不容易生活在贫困之中。

第三部分是图表的结

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