高考英语熟词生义考前练习.docx
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高考英语熟词生义考前练习
高考英语熟词生义考前练习
《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明》中的词汇表是命题人的主要依据,而这个词汇表只提供了英语单词或短语的拼写形式,未有词性和词义。
这就给命题人提供了广阔的活动空间,给他们减少了很多限制,但却给考生增加了几倍的难度。
因为英语中的一词多义多性现象是普遍存在的。
例如:
2001年全国卷中第26题:
Wedidn'tplanourartexhibitionlikethatbutit_____verywell.
A.workedoutB.triedoutC.wentonD.carriedon
正确答案为A。
此处workout的词义为“(情况)发展……”、“进行……”。
其余干扰项的干扰作用都很大。
2009年全国卷一:
Encourageyourchildrentotrynewthings.Buttrynotto_______themtoohard.
A.drawB.strikeC.rushD.push(逼迫,敦促)
本来push表示推的意思。
2009年全国卷二:
Ifyouleavetheclub,youwillnotbe_______backin.
A.receivedB.admitted(准许进入,准许加入俱乐部,组织等;接收入学)C,turnedD.moved
admit本来表示承认
2009山东卷:
-Doyouhaveenoughto_______allyourdailyexpenses?
-Oh,yes,enoughandtospare..(闲置的,不用的,闲钱)
A.cover(钱足够----之用)B.spendC,fillD.offer
2009湖北卷:
Someparentsarejusttooprotective.Theywantto_______theirkidsfromeverykindofdanger,realorimagined.
A.spotB.dismissC,shelter(保护,庇护)D.distinguish
shelter本意:
居所,住处,遮蔽物,庇护处
2008年山东卷:
Thefactthatsheneverapologized________alotaboutwhatkindofpersonsheis.
A.says(显示,表明)B.talksC.appearsD.declares
2008湖北卷:
Thoughhavinglivedabroadforyears,manyChinesestill________thetraditionalcustoms.
A.performB.possessC.observe(遵守规则,法律等)D.support
A
1.absent(熟义:
adj.缺席的)
Helookedatmeinallabsentway.(adj.茫然的,恍惚的)
2.abuse(熟义:
v.滥用;漫骂)
Sheisquiteasuccessfulcareerwoman,butactuallyshe'smuchabusedathome.(v.虐待)
4.ache(熟义:
v.&n.疼痛)Hewasachingforhome.(v.渴望)
5.act(熟义:
V.&n.行动)
lttakesacoupleofminutesforthedrugtoact.(vi.起作用)
6.address(熟义:
n.地址v.写地址)
Itissaidthatourheadmasterwilladdressthemeeting.(vt.向……发表演说;
直接向…,一说话)
8.against(熟义:
prep.逆着,反对;倚,靠;碰)
Thepicturelooksniceagainstthewhitewall.(prep.映衬)
9.age(熟义:
n.年龄)
Worryagedhimrapidly.(v.(使)变老)
10.air(熟义:
n.空气)
Don’tairyourtroublestoooften.(V.抒发;倾诉;播送)
Therewasacomfortableairaboutherroom.(n.样子,神态,气氛)
11.alone(熟义:
adv.单独地,一个人地)
Shealonewasabletoanswerthequestion.(adv.仅仅,只有)
12.amount(熟义:
n.量)
Thecostamountedto$200.(v.(to)共计,达到)
Whatyouhavesaidamountstoaplainrefusal.(v.相当于)
13.announce(熟义:
宣布)
Awarmsunshineannouncesthecomingofspring.(vt.显示,预告)
14.appreciate(熟义:
v.欣赏;感激;感谢)
IappreciatethatImaybewrong.(V.意识到(realize))
15.attend(熟义:
v.出席;参加)
Thenurseattendedtohimdayandnight.(v.看护;治疗;陪同)
16.accompany(熟义:
vt.陪伴;伴奏)
Strongwindsaccompaniedtheheavyrain.(v.伴随)
17.allow(熟义:
v.允许)
Thisdietallowsyouoneglassofwineaday.(vt.使可能)
18.approach(熟义:
vt.靠近;接近)
Iapproachedhimaboutfillingthemanager'sjob.(v.接洽;建议;要求)
19.available(熟义:
adj.可得到的;可找到的)
Theworthyprofessorisnowavailable.(adj.(人)有空的)
补充:
1)agreewith与……一致,协调,适合(熟义:
同意)
YourstoryagreeswithwhatIheard.你讲的与我所听到的一致。
Longplanetripsdon'tagreewithme.我不适合坐飞机长途旅行。
2)advantage=strength=plus优点,优势
3)averageadj普通的Thegoodsareofaveragequality.这些货物质量一般。
20.article(熟义:
文章论文报道)
Haveyouseenthatarticleaboutyoungfashiondesigners?
你见到了关于年轻时装设计师的那篇文章没有?
生义:
1)articlesofclothing衣物bambooarticles竹制品
Thearticlesfoundinthecarhelpedthepolicetoidentifythebody.
在汽车上发现的物品有助于警方辨认死者身份。
2)冠词"a/an"istheindefinitearticle,"the"isthedefinitearticle.
a/an是不定冠词,the是定冠词。
3)条款,条文,项目
Thecountryappearstobeviolatingseveralarticlesoftheconvention.
这个国家看起来违反了公约中的好几项条款。
4)作动词
vt.使受协议条款的约束;以协议(或契约)约束;订约将…收为学徒(或徒弟);定约雇用
vi.进行控告,提出罪状(或指责)(against);签订协议
HewasarticledtoafirmofsolicitorsinYork.(一般以bearticled出现)他在约克市的一家律师事务所接受见习培训
Heshallbearticledagainstinthehighcourtofadmiralty(海军部海事法庭).
B
20.become(熟义:
v.变得,变成)
Hernewhatcertainlybecomesher.(vt.适于,适合)
21.behavior(熟义:
n.举止;行为)
Thebehavior0fthiscomputerismoderatelygood.(n.性能,特点)
22.blank(熟义:
adj.空白的n.空白)
Thestrangerreturnedmygreetingwithablanklook.(adj.没表情的;空虚的;没兴趣的)
IcannotthinkwhereI'veleftmyumbrella;mymind'sacompleteblank!
(n.记忆中的空白,遗忘)
23.blue(熟义:
adj.&n.蓝色)
Hissongsalwaysmakemefeelblue.(adj.忧伤的)
24.bare(adj.熟义:
裸露的)
Helikestobarehisheart/soulwithhisclosefriends.(vt.向某人袒露心声)
25.bear(熟义:
vt.忍受;容忍)
Hewasbadlywoundedinthewarandstillbearsthescars.(v.显示;带有)
26.bound(熟义:
a由.一定会)
1)Idon'tlikebeingdesk—boundallday.(adj.受…约束的)
2)Theballboundedagainstthewall.(v.弹起;跳跃)
补充:
1)backvt.支持(熟义:
n.背)
Manyofhisfriendsbackedhisplan.他的许多朋友支持他的计划。
2)breakn.课间/工间休息
Let’shaveabreak.让我们休息一会儿。
3)book预定
I’llbookatickettoBeijing.我要订一张去北京的票。
4)born天生的Heisabornartist.他是一个天生的艺术家。
5)boardn委员会v上火车/船/飞机
Hehasrecentlyjoinedtheboardofthecompany.
他最近加入了该公司的委员会。
C
27.cause(熟义:
v.致使)
Wearestrugglingforrevolutionarycause.(n.事业)
28.celebrate(熟义:
vt.庆祝)
Hecelebratedherforhercourage.(vt.称颂,赞扬)
29.climate(熟义:
n.气候)
Theculturalclimatehereissomehowalittleupsetting.(n.风气;思潮;倾向)
30.cloudy(熟义:
adj.阴的,多云的)
Whodiditstillremainscloudy.(adj.不明朗的,不清晰的)
31.coach(熟义:
n.教练)
ShecoachedmeinEnglish.(v.辅导,指导)
32.count(熟义:
n.&v.计算,数)
(1)Thereare10peopleintheclassroomcountingtwoteachers.(vt.包括)
(2)Itisnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.(vt.有价值,重要)
(3)Shewascountedamongthegreatestdancers.(vt.以为,视为)
33.couple(熟义:
n.一对,一双;一对夫妇或情侣)
Thediningcarwascoupledontothelastcoach.(v.联合,连接)
34.course(熟义:
n.课程;过程)
Themaincoursewasavegetablestew.(n.一道菜)
35.cross(熟义:
v.跨越,横穿n.十字)
Don'tbecrosswithhim——afterall,hemeanttohelp.(adj.生气的)
36.case(熟义:
n.情况;状况)
Therearethreecasesoffeverinschool.(n.病例;案例)
37.casual(熟义:
adj.偶然的;随意的)
Hewasemployedasacasuallaborer.(adj.临时的)
38.cater(熟义:
v.为社交活动提供饮食;承办酒席)
TVmustcaterformanydifferenttastes.(v.满足需要;迎合)
39.challenge(熟义:
v.挑战)
Ichallengedhimtoagameofchess(v.强烈建议某人干某事)
40.chance(熟义:
n.机会)
Shechancedtobeinwhenhecalled.(V.碰巧)
41.charge(熟义:
v.索价,收费;指控;控告)
MotherchargedAlicetotakegoodcareofthebaby.(V。
赋予…责任或义务)
42.clean(熟义:
adj.干净的)
Icleanforgotaboutit.(adv.彻底地;完全地)
43.consume(熟义:
vt.消耗;消费)
Thefiresoonconsumedtheoldwoodenbuildingsintheneighborhood.(Vt.烧毁;毁灭)
27.cause(熟义:
v.致使)
Wearestrugglingforrevolutionarycause.(n._______________________)
28.celebrate(熟义:
vt.庆祝)
Hecelebratedherforhercourage.(vt.______________________)
29.climate(熟义:
n.气候)
Theculturalclimatehereissomehowalittleupsetting.(n._______________________)
30.cloudy(熟义:
adj.阴的,多云的)
Whodidisstillremainscloudy.(adj.___________________________)
31.coach(熟义:
n.教练)
ShecoachedmeinEnglish.(v.______________________)
32.count(熟义:
n.&v.计算,数)
(1)Thereare10peopleintheclassroomcountingtwoteachers.(vt._______________)
(2)Itisnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.(vt._______________)
(3)Shewascountedamongthegreatestdancers.(vt.____________________)
33.couple(熟义:
n.一对,一双;一对夫妇或情侣)
Thediningcarwascoupledontothelastcoach.(v.___________________)
34.course(熟义:
n.课程;过程)
Themaincoursewasavegetablestew.(n.___________________)
35.cross(熟义:
v.跨越,横穿n.十字)
Don'tbecrosswithhim——afterall,hemeanttohelp.(adj.___________________)
36.case(熟义:
n.情况;状况)
Therearethreecasesoffeverinschool.(n.____________________________)
37.casual(熟义:
adj.偶然的;随意的)
Hewasemployedasacasuallaborer.(adj._______________________)
38.cater(熟义:
v.为社交活动提供饮食;承办酒席)
TVmustcaterformanydifferenttastes.(v.满足需要;迎合)
39.challenge(熟义:
v.挑战)
Ichallengedhimtoagameofchess(v.____________________________)
40.chance(熟义:
n.机会)
Shechancedtobeinwhenhecalled.(v.__________________________)
41.charge(熟义:
v.索价,收费;指控;控告)
MotherchargedAlicetotakegoodcareofthebaby’.(v.__________________________)
Iforgettochargethebattery.(v.________________________)
42.clean(熟义:
adj.干净的)
Icleanforgotaboutn(adv._____________________________)
43.consume(熟义:
vt.消耗;消费)
Thefiresoonconsumedtheoldwoodenbuildingsintheneighborhood.(vt._____________)
补充:
1)costvt.使失去(生命、健康等)(熟义:
花费;值……)
Hiscarelessdrivingcosthimhislife.(粗心驾驶使他付出了生命的代价)
Thepatient'sdangerousconditioncostthedoctorsandnursesmanyasleeplessnight.
病人的危险状态使医生、护士好几夜不曾合眼。
2)coverv.走完(一段路),钱足够----之用,看完(多少页书);涉及,包含,包括;采访,报道,占地多少面积(熟义:
覆盖)
3)change零钱,找头
Ihavenochange.我没有零钱
4)clear(道路)畅通的
Theroadisclearofsnownow.路上的雪已清除畅通了。
5)closeadj.势均力敌的
That’saclosegame.那是一场势均力敌的比赛。
6)cross脾气不好的,易怒的
Don’tgetacrosswithme;itwasn’tmyfault.
不要对我生气,那不是我的错。
7)custom(常大写)海关
DidyouhaveanytroublewiththeCustoms?
你通过海关有麻烦吗?
D
44.damage(熟义:
v.&n.损坏)
Heclaimed$7000damagesfromthetaxicompany.(n.赔偿金(复数)=compensation)
45.dawn(熟义:
n拂晓v.破晓,天亮)
Thetruthbegantodawnonhim.(v.开始明白)
46.desert(熟义:
n.沙漠)
Hedesertedhiswifeandchildrenandwentabroad.(V.抛弃,离弃)
47.develop(熟义:
v.发展;开发;研制)
Didyouhavethefilmsdeveloped?
(v:
冲印)
developadisease/ahabit(v.逐渐形成)
sureenough,mostoftheplantsdevelopedthedisease(vt.患病;出现问题)
48.difficult(熟义:
adj.困难的)
(adj.难以取悦的,不易满足的)
49.dismiss.(熟义:
v.解雇,开除)
Hejustlaughedanddismissedmysuggestionasunrealistic.(v.拒绝考虑(某观点等))
50.drive(熟义:
v.驾驶)
Hungerdrovehertosteal.(V.迫使某人(做不好或不快的事))
51.divorce(熟义:
v.与某人离婚)
Youcann’tdivorcesciencefromethicalquestions.(v.使分离;使脱离)
52.draw(熟义:
v.画;拖;拉)
Whatmoralarewetodrawfromthestory?
(v.获得,取得,推断出)
补充:
dateA.日期B.追溯C.枣子D.约会
dependA.依靠B.信赖C.视情况而定
E
53.engage(熟义:
、rt.从事)
Apersonalcomputerengageshisinterestnow.(vt吸引)
54.excuse(熟义:
n.借口v.原谅)
Hewasexcusedfrompianopractice.(v.免除某人的职责)
55.express(熟义:
v.表达)
Hisexpresswishwasthatyoushouldcomeherebyair.(adj.明确的)
IsthereanexpressfromNanjingtoShanghai?
(n.快车)
56.encourage(熟义:
vt.鼓励;激励)
Goodhealthencouragesclearthinking.(v.促进,助长,刺激)
57.escape(熟义:
v.逃跑;逃脱)
Hisnameesca