动词不规则变化汇总.docx

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动词不规则变化汇总.docx

动词不规则变化汇总

动词不规则变化汇总

一、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。

(共9个)

cost—cost—cost

cut—cut—cut

hit—hit—hit

hurt—hurt—hurt

let—let—let

put—put—put

read—read—read

set—set—set

shut—shut—shut

二、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。

(共41个)

1过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。

(3个)

bring—brought—brought

buy—bought—bought

think—thought—thought

2词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。

(4个)

build—built—built

lend—lent—lent

send—sent—sent

spend—spent—spent

3.过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。

(2个)

catch—caught—caught

teach—taught—taught

4.把-eep变为-ept。

(3个)

keep—kept—kept

sleep—slept—slept

sweep—swept—swept

5把-ell变为-old。

(2个)

tell—told—told

sell—sold—sold

6.过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。

(4个)

smell—smelt—smelt

spell—spelt—spelt

feel—felt—felt

spill—spilt—spilt

7.过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。

(3个)

learn—learnt—learnt

mean—meant—meant

spoil—spoilt—spoilt

8.过去式、过去分词词尾是d。

(4个)

say—said—said

pay—paid—paid

lay—laid—laid

hear—heard—heard

9.改变元音字母。

(11个)

meet—met—met

get—got—got

sit—sat—sat

find—found—found

hold—held—held

spit—spat—spat

shine—shone—shone

win—won—won

hang—hung—hung

dig—dug—dug

lose—lost—lost

10.改变辅音字母。

(1个)

make—made—made

11改变元、辅音字母。

(4个)

leave—left—left

stand—stood—stood

have(has)—had—had

understand—understood—understood

三、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。

(共35个)

1i—a—u变化。

(6个)

begin—began—begun

drink—drank—drunk

sing—sang—sung

ring—rang—rung

swim—swam—swum

sink—sank—sunk

2词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。

(5个)

blow—blew—blown

draw—drew—drawn

grow—grew—grown

know—knew—known

throw—threw—thrown(show除外)

3词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。

(4个)(give,hide除外)

drive—drove—driven

write—wrote—written

ride—rode—ridden

rise—rose—risen

4过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。

(5个)

break—broke—broken

choose—chose—chosen

freeze—froze—frozen

speak—spoke—spoken

wake—woke—woken

5过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。

(1个)

forget—forgot—forgotten

6过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。

(6个)

be—was(were)—been

eat—ate—eaten

fall—fell—fallen

give—gave—given

see—saw—seen

hide—hid—hidden(hid)

7词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。

(2个)

take—took—taken

mistake—mistook—mistaken

8原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。

(6个)

do—did—done

fly—flew—flown

go—went—gone

lie—lay—lain

show—showed—shown

wear—wore—worn

四、A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。

(1个)

beat—beat—beaten

五、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。

(3个)

come—came—come

become—became—become

run—ran—run

六、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。

(4个)

can—could

may—might

will—would

shall—should

文中6个动词的过去式和过去分词,还有一种规则变化形式。

——————————————————————————————————

不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一

类词。

学生难学,老师难教。

幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中

的一些内部规律来记忆。

下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家

在攻克这一难关时,能收到事半功倍的效果。

一、原形、过去式、过去分词相同:

cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut(细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。

二、原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:

beat/beat/beaten

三、原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:

come/came/comebecome/became/become

run/ran/run

come,become,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:

welcomed,welcomed

四、过去式,过去分词相同:

(1)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e

meet/met/metfeed/fed/fed

(2)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t

feel/felt/feltsleep/slept/slept

keep/kept/keptsweep/swept/swept

(3)词尾为的ll去掉一个l加t

spell/spelt/speltsmell/smelt/smelt

spill/spilt/spilt

(4)过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾

catch/caught/caughtteach/taught/taught

bring/brought/broughtbuy/bought/bought

think/thought/thought

(5)将stand改为stood

stand/stood/stoodunderstand/understood/understood

(6)将ay改为aid

lay/laid/laidpay/paid/paid

say/said/said

(7)将d改为t

lend/lent/lentsend/sent/sent

spend/spent/spent

build/built/built

(8)将i改为a,o,u等

sit/sat/satspit/spat/spat

win/won/won

dig/dug/dug

(9)将ell改为old

tell/told/toldsell/sold/sold

(10)词尾加t

learn/learnt/learntmean/meant/meant

dream/dreamt/dreamtspoil/spoilt/spoilt

(11)有两种过去式和过去分词,一种是不规则的,一种是规则的

learn/learnt/learntlearn/learned/learned

shine/shone/shoneshine/shined/shined

hang/hung/hunghang/hanged/hanged

smell/smelt/smeltsmell/smelled/smelled

(12)其它

have(has)/had/hadhear/heard/heard

shoot/shot/shotlose/lost/lost

hold/held/heldget/got/got(AmEgotten)

find/found/foundmake/made/made

leave/left/left

五、三者均不同:

(1)过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾

blow/blew/blownfly/flew/flown

grow/grew/grownknow/knew/known

throw/threw/thrown

值得注意的是:

show/showed/shown或showeddraw/drew/drawn

(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词

begin/began/begundrink/drank/drunk

ring/rang/rungsing/sang/sung

swim/swam/swumsink/sank/sunk

(3)改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾

drive/drove/drivenwrite/wrote/written

rise/rose/risenride/rode/ridden

(4)原形后加n变成过去分词

drive/drove/drivenrise/rose/risen

eat/ate/eatenfall/fell/fallen

give/gave/given

(5)过去式后加n变成过去分词

break/broke/brokenchoose/chose/chosen

freeze/froze/frozenmistake/mistook/mistaken

steal/stole/stolenspeak/spoke/spoken

take/took/takenwake/woke/woken(或woke)

(6)其它

be/was或were/beendo/did/done

forget/forgot/forgottengo/went/gone

hide/hid/hiddensee/saw/seen

wear/wore/worn

六、有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。

wake/woke/woken(或woke)wake/waked/waked

sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken

七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:

shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词:

shone/shone照耀shined/shined擦亮

hung/hung悬挂hanged/hanged绞死

八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词

lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词)

lay放,下蛋laid/laid/laying

find找到、发现find/found/found

found创建,成立found/founded/founded

九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆

(一)词义相对:

(1)come/came/come来——go/went/gone去

(2)give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmEgotten)获得

(3)sleep/slept/slept睡觉——

wake/woke/woken(或woke)wake/waked/waked醒来

(4)rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——

fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下

sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken沉下,(使)下沉

(5)buy/bought/bought买——sell/sold/sold出售,卖

(6)take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought带来

(7)teach/taught/taught教——

learn/learnt/learntlearn/learned/learned学习、学会

(8)lose/lost/lost丢失、失败——

find/found/found找到

win/won/won赢得、(获)胜

(9)stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐

(10)send/sent/sent送、寄、发送——

get/got/got(AmEgotten)获得、收到

(二)、词义相近:

(1)beat/beat/beaten.打,打败

win/won/won赢得、获胜

(2)understand/understood/understood懂,了解

know/knew/known知道,了解,认识

(3)get/got/got(AmEgotten)变成、成为、变得

become/became/become变成,成为,变得

go/went/gone变成

turn/turned/turned变成

(4)spend/spent/spent花费、度过

pay/paid/paid支付、交纳

cost/cost/cost花费、价值为

take/took/taken花费

(5)say/said/said说、讲

speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲

tell/told/told告诉、说、吩咐、断定

talk/talked/talked谈话,讲,谈论,议论

①A-B-B型变化

不定式过去式过去分词基本意义

bendbentbent使变曲

bringbroughtbrought带来;引起;产生

buyboughtbought购买;采购

catchcaughtcaught接住;抓住;赶上;染上

dealdealtdealt分配;分给

digdugdug挖(土);掘地

feelfeltfelt触摸(某物);感觉到

fightfoughtfought搏斗;奋斗;斗争;

findfoundfound发现;找到;

getgotgot/gotten收到;接到;得到;成为

havehadhad有;吃;喝;进行;经受

hearheardheard听见;听说;得知

holdheldheld拿住;抓住;抱;举行

keepkeptkept留下;保留;继续

laylaidlaid放置;产(卵)

leaveleftleft离开;把……留下;剩下

learnlearnt

learnedlearnt

learned学;学习;获悉;得知

lendlentlent借出;借给

loselostlost失去;丧失;损失

makemademade做;制作;制造;使得

meetmetmet遇见;碰见;相遇

babysitbabysatbabysat照顾婴儿

paypaidpaid付钱;给……报酬

不定式过去式过去分词基本意义

saysaidsaid说,讲

sellsoldsold卖;销售

shineshoneshone发光;照耀;照射

sitsatsat坐;就座

sleepsleptslept睡,睡觉;睡着

smellsmeltsmelt闻出;嗅;发出气味

spendspentspent用(钱);花(时间);度过

standstoodstood站立;直立;位于;经受

teachtaughttaught教,教授;传授

telltoldtold告诉;讲述;吩咐

thinkthoughtthought想,思考,认为

understandunderstoodunderstood懂;理解;领会

winwonwon赢;获胜;赢得,获得

buildbuiltbuilt建筑,建造

feedfedfed喂养

hanghunghung悬挂,吊

sweepsweptswept打扫

sendsentsent送,派

shootshotshot射击

spitspatspat吐(痰)

spoilspoiltspoilt溺爱,损坏,破坏

fleefledfled逃离

leadledled引导;致便;领导

misleadmisledmisled把…引错方向;给…带错路

meanmeantmeant意思是…

②A-B-A型变化

不定式过去式过去分词基本含义

overcomeovercameovercome克服,战胜

becomebecamebecome变为,成为

comecamecome到来;出现

runranrun跑,奔跑;

③A-B-C型变化

不定式过去式过去分词基本含义

Bewas/werebeen有;存在;是;成为

beginbeganbegun开始

blowblewblown吹,刮;吹响

breakbrokebroken打破(断,碎);损坏,撕开

choosechosechosen选择,挑选,选取

dodiddone做,干

drinkdrankdrunk喝;饮

drivedrovedriven驾驶(车):

驱赶

eatateeaten吃

fallfellfallen落下;跌落;变为

flyflewflew飞;飞行;

forgetforgotforgotten忘记;遗忘;忽视

freezefrozefrozen(使)结冰;冷冻

givegavegiven送给;授予;供给;

gowentgone去;离去;行驶;通到;到达

growgrewgrown变成;生长;发育;种植

knowknewknown知道,懂得;了解;认识

lielaylain躺;平卧;(指物)平放

rideroderidden骑马、自行车等;搭乘

ringrangrung(铃等)鸣响;打电话

riseroserisen上升;上涨;起立

seesawseen看见;察觉;领会

showshowedshown/showed给……看;展出;表明

shakeshookshaken颤抖

singsangsung唱,唱歌

speakspokespoken说话;会说(某语言);发言

stealstolestolen偷;窃取

swimswamswum游水;游泳

taketooktaken拿;服用;乘坐;花费

throwthrewthrown投,抛,扔,掷

wakewokewoken醒,醒来,叫醒

wearworeworn穿,戴

writewrotewritten写,书写;写作,著述

forgiveforgaveforgiven原谅

hidehidhidden/hid躲,藏

divedovedived跳水

sinksanksunk/sunken下沉

④A-A-A型变化

不定式过去式过去分词基本含义

costcostcost价值为,花费;使付出

cutcutcut切;割;剪;砍;削

hurthurthurt使受伤痛;刺痛;伤害

letletlet允许,让

putputput放,摆;装入

readreadread阅读,朗诵

shutshutshut关上,封闭;紧闭;合拢

upsetupsetupset使人不舒服

betbetbet确信,打赌

hithithit击中

setsetset放置

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∙MISAKI

∙[兵卒]

一、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。

(共9个)

cost—cost—cost

cut—cut—cut

hit—hit—hit

hurt—hurt—hurt

let—let—let

put—put—put

read—read—read

set—set—set

shut—shut—shut

二、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。

(共41个)

1过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。

(3个)

bring—brought—brought

buy—bought—bought

think—thought—thought

2词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。

(4个)

build—built—built

lend—lent—lent

send—sent—sent

spend—spent—spent

3.过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。

(2个)

catch—caught—caught

teach—taught—taught

4.把-eep变为-ept。

(3个)

keep—kept—kept

sleep—slept—slept

sweep—swept—swept

5把-ell变为-old。

(2个)

tell—told—told

sell—sold—sold

6.过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。

(4个)

smell—smelt—smelt

spell—spelt—spelt

feel—felt—felt

spill—spilt—spilt

7.过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。

(3个)

learn—learnt—learnt

mean—meant—meant

spoil—spoilt—spoilt

8.过去式、过去分词

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