高考英语二轮复习推理判断类 专项训练带答案解析.docx
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高考英语二轮复习推理判断类专项训练带答案解析
第三讲推理判断类专项练习
【分类真题】
(2019年全国卷二.B)
"Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit."ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids'lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.
Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,"Alright.Yes,I’lldoit."
I’msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere’srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.
Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore:
Connectingtothecommunity(社区)asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.
Inthatsense,I’mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI’dfreelyliketoadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies?
24.Whatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinparagraphl?
A.Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.B.Sheisn'tgoodatsports.
C.Shejustdoesn'twanttovolunteer.D.She'sunabletomeetherschedule.
【答案】.C
【解析】推理判断题。
本题题干意为:
从第一段那位家长的回答中我们可以推断出关于她的什么?
文章中,那位家长的回答是“你可以把我作为最后一个选择,如果没有其他人愿意当志愿者,那么我就做”。
根据其回答可以知道,她其实是不太愿意做志愿者的,故C项正确。
25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"tugattheheartstrings"inparagraph2mean?
A.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeelings.
C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.
【答案】.B
【解析】词义猜测题。
本题题干意为:
第二段中的画线短语“tugatthehe-artstrings"的意思是什么?
根据上下文可知,此处表示“我”又试了一次,这回开始打感情牌。
画线短语意为“触动心弦”,故B项正确。
A:
鼓励团队合作;C:
促进良好行为;D:
提供建议。
26.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromparagraph3?
A.Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.B.Sheisproudofherkids.
C.She’llworkforanotherseason.D.Shebecomesagoodhelper.
【答案】.D
【解析】推理判断题。
本题题干意为:
从第三段中,我们能够得知那位家长的什么情况?
在文章的第三段,作者记述了那位家长在活动中所做的事情,即安排饮食计划、发送邮件、募集资金等,她成了团队中一个重要的成员。
因此D项(她成了一个好助手)正确。
27.Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?
A.Itgivesherasenseofduty.B.Itmakesherveryhappy.
C.Itenableshertoworkhard.D.Itbringshermaterialrewards.
【答案】.B
【解析】推理判断题。
本题题干意为:
为什么作者喜欢做志愿工作?
根据文章倒数第二段中的“Connectingtothecommunity...providesarealjoy”以及“Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.”可知,作者认为,做志愿工作能让她开心。
故B项正确。
A:
这给予她一种责任感;C:
这让她能努力工作;D:
这给她带来了物质上的回报。
(2019年全国卷三.C)
Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.
Thetrend,then,wastowardthe"pennypaper"—atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.
Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible(butnoteasy)tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapersbefore1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.Streetsaleswerealmostunknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineasterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny—usuallytwoorthreecentswascharged—andsomeoftheolderwell-knownpaperschargedfiveorsixcents.Butthephrase"pennypaper"caughtthepublic'sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.
Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor"themanonthestreet"didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures(企业)wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesiretochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.
28.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s?
A.Academic.B.Unattractive.C.Inexpensive.D.Confidential.
【答案】.B
【解析】细节理解题。
本题题干意为:
下面哪个选项对19世纪30年代之前美国报纸状况的描述是最准确的?
根据文章第一段的描述可知当时的报纸很昂贵,只有富人才能买得起。
同时,当时的很多报纸对大众没有吸引力。
因此B项(没有吸引力的)符合题意。
A:
学术的;C:
便宜的;D:
机密的。
29.Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?
A.Theywouldbepricedhigher.B.Theywoulddisappearfromcities.
C.Theycouldhavemorereaders.D.Theycouldregainpublictrust.
【答案】.C
【解析】推理判断题。
本题题干意为:
街头销售对报纸来说意味着什么根据文章第二段的描述,当报纸开始在街头销售之后,价格很低,容易买到,所以C项(它们会有更多的读者)符合题意。
A:
它们的定价将会更高;B:
它们将从城市消失;D:
它们将重获公众的信任
30.Whowerethenewspapersofthenewtrendtargetedat?
A.Localpoliticians.B.Commonpeople.
C.Youngpublishers.D.Richbusinessmen.
【答案】.B
【解析】细节理解题。
本题题干意为:
新趋势下报纸的目标群体是哪些人?
根据文章第二段和第三段对报纸改革的描述,尤其是第二段的Thetrend,then,wastowardthe"pennypaper"-atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.可知,新的趋势为报纸大众化。
故B项(普通人)符合题意。
31.Whatcanwesayaboutthebirthofthepennypaper?
A.Itwasadifficultprocess.B.Itwasatemporarysuccess.
C.Itwasarobberyofthepoor.D.Itwasadisasterforprinters.
【答案】.A
【解析】推理判断题。
本题题干意为:
我们可以如何评价“一分报纸”的诞生?
根据文章对“一分报纸”发展历程的描述,尤其是最后一段的Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor"themanonthestreet"didnotbeginwell.(这种面向街头普通人的报纸的新趋势一开始发展得并不好。
可知,A项(这是一个艰难的过程)符合题意。
B:
这是暂时的成功;C:
这是对贫穷者的掠夺;D:
这对印刷工人来说是灾难。
(2019年全国卷三.D)
Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.
AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.
Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment:
Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.
Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.
Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic:
Whenaddingtwonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分)ofthesmallernumbertoit.
"Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains,"Dr.Livingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimentwhatthey'redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”
32.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?
A.Theyfedthem.B.Theynamedthem.
C.Theytrainedthem.D.Theymeasuredthem.
【答案】.C
【解析】细节理解题。
本题题干意为:
研究人员在对猴子进行测试之前对它们做了什么?
根据题干中的beforetestingthem以及第二段第二句中的Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined定位至第二段,再根据第一句中的AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmon-keys可知答案为C项。
A:
他们给它们喂食;B:
他们给它们起名字;D:
他们测量它们。
33.Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?
A.Bydrawingacircle.B.Bytouchingascreen.
C.Bywatchingvideos.D.Bymixingtwodrinks.
【答案】.B
【解析】细节理解题。
本题题干意为:
在实验中,猴子们如何得到奖励?
根据题干中的reward定位至第三段的后半部分。
根据第三段最后一句Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewar-dedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice...可知答案为B项。
A:
通过画一个圆圈;C:
通过观看视频;D:
通过将两种饮料混合。
34.WhatdidLivingstone'steamfindaboutthemonkeys?
A.Theycouldperformbasicaddition.B.Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.
C.Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily.D.Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.
【答案】.A
【解析】推理判断题。
本题题干意为:
Livingstone的团队从对猴子的研究中发现了什么?
根据第四段中themonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation可知,答案为A项(它们可以做基本的加法)。
B:
它们可以理解简单的文字;C:
它们可以轻松地记住数字;D:
它们可以长时间保持注意力。
35.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?
A.Entertainment.B.Health.C.Education.D.Science.
【答案】.D
【解析】推理判断题。
本篇文章出现了研究人员(researchers)、实验(ex-periment)、实验结果(theresultsoftheexperiment)等关键词,向读者展示了自然科学研究成果,因此本篇文章在报纸中应放在科学版块,故答案为D项。
A:
娱乐;B:
健康;C:
教育。
(2018年全国卷一.D)
Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment-andourwallets-astheseoutdateddevicesconsume